1、大学英语四级 251 及答案解析(总分：746.57，做题时间：130 分钟)一、Writing (30 minutes)(总题数：1，分数：30.00)1.For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition about foreign fast food. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below: 1. 洋快餐在中国受欢迎的现象； 2. 洋快餐在中国受欢迎的原因； 3. 洋快餐存在的问题。 （分数：30.00）_二、R
2、eading Comprehensio(总题数：1，分数：71.00)The Most Effective “Vaccine“ China began work related to the research, prevention and control of AIDS after the first AIDS patient was diagnosed in 1985: In 1986, the State Commission on AIDS Control was founded. In 1987, the State formulated the program on the pre
3、vention and control of AIDS. In 1990, the Ministry of Health worked out a medium-term plan on the prevention and control of AIDS, which was composed of a state general plan and 13 provincial-level plans. In December 1994, at the world anti-AIDS summit, the Chinese Government signed the Paris Declara
4、tion on the control of AIDS, making its own commitment to support global AIDS prevention and control work. In 1995, the Ministry of Health put forth several key measures on the prevention of AIDS and the focal points for future AIDS prevention and control work. In 1996, the State treasury began to a
5、ppropriate special funds for AIDS prevention and control, which was then followed by 15 provinces, and 18 provinces began to set aside budgets for the prevention and control of AIDS in their annual public hygiene and epidemic prevention funds. In October, the Government decided to include the preven
6、tion and control of AIDS in the Ninth Five-Year Plan (1996-2000) and the long-term program for socioeconomic development through the 21st century. Meanwhile, relevant ministries and commissions under the State Council, together with concerned organizations, divided work and responsibilities for the
7、prevention and control of AIDS, and 19 provinces established AIDS prevention commissions or coordination groups. In 1997, the State Council established the AIDS prevention and control coordination meeting system. In 1998, related departments formulated the program for the current AIDS prevention and
8、 control work The Long and Medium-Term Plan for the Prevention and Control of AIDS in China (1998-2000). Tremendous efforts are still being made to monitor, prevent and control the spread of AIDS. Persistent efforts have been devoted worldwide to research on AIDS and HIV vaccines, and progress has b
9、een made in this regard. However, this virus, originating from chimpanzees in Central and West Africa, imposes unprecedented difficulties and challenges to mankind. First, many of the medicines that have been developed so far are unable to thoroughly kill the virus, and the few medicines that do hav
10、e a high treatment value are limited in use due to their toxicity, side effects and unaffordable prices. Second, efforts to develop an HIV vaccine have yet to make substantial progress. The virus genetic information in chromosomes can act as “time bombs“ for the creation of new viruses, and variants
11、 of HIV may develop resistance against newly developed treatments, which add difficulties to the already challenging treatment process. Certain types of viruses may even not produce antigens, enabling them to escape from traditional testing methods and making them hard to diagnose. “ Under the curre
12、nt circumstances, with no effective medicines or bio-vaccines available, extensive publicity and education concerning the prevention and control of AIDS is the most important prevention and control method, and is also the most effective vaccine at present,“ said Liu Kangmai. In recent years, the Min
13、istry of Health joined efforts with relevant departments to formulate the Principles on the Publicity and Education in the Prevention and Control of AIDS and STDs. The document requires all quarters to intensify the publicity and education of regulations and laws concerning the prevention and contro
14、l of infectious diseases, management over blood products and medical institutions, blood donation and the Criminal Law, in cooperation with education in the fight against drug abuse and prostitution , and in the establishment of healthy and positive concepts of love, marriage, family and sex. Despit
15、e these efforts, however, publicity and education still lack effective methods when compared with the development of the epidemic situation. The number of people receiving publicity and education is still quite limited. According to Liu Kangmai, there is a large gap between urban and rural residents
16、 in knowledge regarding AIDS. Two small-scale sample surveys conducted by the Beijing AIDS Prevention and Control Center among urban residents found that 80 percent of the participants had some knowledge on AIDS. The rate among the rural and floating population is much lower. Liu once made an invest
17、igation among long-distance truck drivers in Inner Mongolia and found that half of them were ignorant of AIDS. Two surveys conducted by the AIDS Prevention and Control Center under the Ministry of Health in 1995 and 1997 showed that 63. 7 percent and 60. 92 percent of the respective participants kne
18、w about AIDS, with 95 percent of the informed groups obtaining their information on AIDS through the media. Research conducted by the China STDs and AIDS Prevention and Control Society since 1991 found that the high risk groups lack knowledge about AIDS. The investigation was conducted through quest
19、ion-aires, group discussions, on-the-spot observations and interviews among prostitutes, long-distance truck drivers, workers returning from service abroad and people who engage in promiscuous activities. Of the 410 female attendants who worked in roadside service establishments in the suburbs of th
20、ree cities in Guangxi, 42 percent admitted that they had had multiple sex partners, with only 1.6 percent u-sing condoms. Of the 119 female attendants who worked in roadside service establishments in the suburbs of two cities in Shandong, 64 percent admitted they had offered sexual services, with le
21、ss than 7 percent of them using condoms each time. All of the 221 female attendants working in roadside establishments in Hainan, averaging an age of 19, supported themselves with prostitution. Of them, 34 percent had never heard of AIDS, 35 percent were ignorant of STDs, 62 percent did not realize
22、that STD is a kind of infectious disease, and only 28 percent thought they might have contracted STDs. The 267 inmates in the womens reformatories in Beijing, Dalian, Xian and Nanjing, who were confined for prostitution, knew little about the channels for the spread of AIDS. Research conducted among
23、 364 Guangxi and 160 Shandong long-distance truck drivers found that 43 percent and 23 percent of the respective groups had had multiple sex partners, and that less than 2 percent of them used condoms each time. A survey of 260 workers just about to go abroad for labor service showed that 20 percent
24、 had had more than two sex partners, and that 5-7 percent said they would seek prostitutes abroad to satisfy their sexual needs. Prof. Liao Susu, who was involved in this research, said that since personal behavior is affected by numerous factors, such as society, economy, culture, politics, persona
25、l understanding, consciousness and feelings, it is hard to change. She suggested taking an insensitive attitude toward the sensitive issue of AIDS. Some people believe that those with high risk lifestyles and those who have contracted HIV are bad elements or morally degenerate people, which is untru
26、e, said Prof. Liao. Their problems should be resolved the same way as those of ordinary people, Liao argued. Some researchers boldly proposed masturbation to meet sexual needs, saying that it is a healthy form of sexual satisfaction and sexual release, and is much safer than promiscuity. Experts exp
27、lain that while extensively applying legal means and carrying out moral education, health education should be conducted among both ordinary and high risk population groups. This will help promote safe sex and effectively prevent and control the spread of AIDS. （分数：71.00）(1).The State Commission on A
28、IDS Control was founded soon after the State formulated the program on the prevention and control of AIDS.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(2).Chinas long-term program for socioeconomic development through the 21st century may include the content about prevention and control of AIDS.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(3).In 1997
29、, some provinces had established the AIDS prevention and control coordination meeting system respectively.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(4).The difficulty to control the AIDS is that the vaccines are very expensive.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(5).There may be some certain types of HIVs which have not been recognized ye
30、t.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(6).Blood donation may be banned according to the Principles on the Publicity and Education in the Prevention and Control of AIDS and STDs.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(7).Publicity and education concerning the prevention and control of AIDS have turned out to be very effective according
31、to the article.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(8).The investigation on peoples knowledge about AIDS was conducted through questionnaires, group discussions , _and interviews.（分数：7.10）_(9).Of the 221 female attendants working in roadside establishments in Hainan, supported themselves with prostitution, _had neve
32、r heard of AIDS.（分数：7.10）_(10).There is a stereo type for those who have contracted HIV that they are bad elements or_.（分数：7.10）_三、Listening Comprehens(总题数：1，分数：15.00)A.1016.B.1060.C.508.D.580.A.He is going to the hospital.B.He is showing his hand.C.He is letting her go.D.He is offering help.A.A sho
33、p assistant.B.A sales clerk.C.A waiter.D.A telephone operator.A.Father and daughter.B.Uncle and niece.C.Aunt and nephew.D.Cousins.A.She wasnt invited.B.She wasnt ready to come.C.She altered her decision.D.She forget the invitation.A.The door needs repairing.B.He had lost all his keys.C.He couldnt op
34、en the door.D.He wanted the woman to help him.A.Hes rather happy to hear so.B.Hes disappointed to hear so.C.Hes unhappy to hear so.D.Hes surprised to hear so.A.He thought it was a good car.B.He thought it was too noisy.C.He thought there was wrong with the car.D.He didnt like it.四、Section B(总题数：2，分数
35、：10.00)A.The woman needs the mans help.B.The man sends his car to garage and the woman is in the neighborhood.C.The woman sends her car to garage and the man is in the neighborhood.D.The woman comes to the garage to look for the man.A.He forgot to fix his car last week.B.The cars filter needs to be
36、changed.C.The cars brakes keep making squeaky noise, whenever the man taps them.D.Both B and C.A.About $200.B.About $2,000.C.About $500.D.None of the above.A.The exterior.B.The brakes.C.The filter.D.The engine.A.His academic advisor.B.Another student.C.A ski instructor.D.The college dean.A.The weath
37、er.B.A vacation.C.Going skiing.D.Her studies.A.At the beach.B.At her job.C.At a ski resort.D.At the school library.A.He didnt like physics any more.B.His eyesight was too poor.C.Physics was too hard for him.D.He had to work to support himself.A.He was not happy with the new director.B.He was not qua
38、lified to be an engineer.C.He wanted to travel.D.He found his job boring.A.He wanted to work with his friend.B.He enjoyed traveling around the world.C.He wanted to go to Spain.D.He was rejected by the engineering firm.A.He enjoyed teaching English.B.He wanted to earn more to support his family.C.The
39、 owner of the school promised him a good position.D.He could earn more as a teacher than as a travel agent.A.The beginning of the United States.B.The American Civil War.C.The 19th century.D.Its unclear.A.They appreciated it very much.B.They thought it would lay down a solid foundation for the new re
40、public.C.They all hated it.D.Generally they were not satisfied with it.A.How did both the Constitution and democracy become so workable and sustainable?B.How did both the Constitution and republic become so workable and sustainable?C.How did the system of democracy become so workable and sustainable
41、?D.Not given.A.A sailor who is good at using solar energy.B.An Australian inventor.C.A ferry that uses solar and wind power.D.A new type of generator designed by Dane.A.The computer will turn the generator on.B.Energy stored in the batteries will run the electric motor.C.The boat will not meet the c
42、ommercial schedule.D.The boat will certainly slow down.A.To praise the designer Robert Dane.B.To make an advertisement.C.To tell us to learn from nature.D.To introduce a new invention.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The Forbidden City (Imperial Palace) in the heart of Beijing is the largest and most inta
43、ct imperial palace and (36) 1building complex in China, and the world at large. Its (37) 2 began in 1406 and was completed 14 years later, having a history so far of some 580 years. 24 (38) 3from the Ming and Qing (1644-1911) dynasties lived and ruled China from there. Most of the buildings in the F
44、orbidden City were (39) 4many times, although they maintained the original architectural style. The Forbidden City, (40) 5753 meters from east to west, and 961 meters from north to south, makes a rectangular (41) 6and covers a total area of 720,000 square meters. It consists of several dozen compoun
45、ds of (42) 7sizes and some 9,900 bays of rooms, with a total floor area of 150,000 square meters. Most of the buildings were built with wood, (43) 8 with yellow glazed tiles and built on blue-and-white stone foundations, looking solemn and brilliant. City walls were 10 meters high, and a 52-meter-wi
46、de moat (护城河) surrounds the Forbidden City. (44) 9. The building arrangement within the Forbidden City is symmetrical. The Hall of Supreme Harmony, the Hall of Central Harmony and the Hall of Preserving Harmony, (45) 10 and the Hall of Heavenly Purity, the Hall of Union and the Hall of Earthly Tranq
47、uility, comprising the inner palace, stand in a line from south to north on the central axis. (46) 11. The Forbidden City was made part of the world cultural heritage list in 1987. （分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_七、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：2，分数：355.00)When one of your car tires goes flat, there are two things you can do. Groan and change it or, if you dont have a spare, stand helplessly beside the road and hope someone comes to your rescue. Now comes a third alternative, called Quickwheel. It is designed to get disabled motorists rolli
