1、大学英语四级分类模拟题 340 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：0，分数：0.00)It is hard to predict how science is going to turn out, and if it is really good science, it is impossible to predict. If the things to be found are actually new, they are by definition unknown in advance. You cannot mak
2、e choices in this matter. You either have science or you don“t, and if you have it you are obliged to accept the surprising and disturbing pieces of information, along with the neat and promptly useful bits. The only solid piece of scientific truth about which I feel totally confident is that we are
3、 profoundly ignorant about nature. Indeed, I regard this as the major discovery of the past hundred years of biology. It is, in its way, an illuminating piece of news. It would have amazed the brightest minds of the 18th century Enlightenment (启蒙运动) to be told by any of us how little we know and how
4、 bewildering (迷惑) seems the way ahead. It is this sudden confrontation (对抗) with the depth and scope of ignorance that represents the most significant contribution of the 20th century science to the human intellect. In earlier times, we either pretended to understand how things worked or ignored the
5、 problem, or simply made up stories to fill the gaps. Now that we have begun exploring in earnest, we are getting glimpses of how huge the questions are, and how far from being answered. Because of this, we are depressed. It is not so bad being ignorant if you are totally ignorant; the hard thing is
6、 knowing in some detail the reality of ignorance, the worst spots and here and there the not-so-bad spots, but no true light at the end of the tunnel nor even any tunnels that can yet be trusted. But we are making a beginning, and there ought to be some satisfaction. There are probably no questions
7、we can think up that can“t be answered, sooner or later, including even the matter of consciousness. To be sure, there may well be questions we can“t think up, ever, and therefore limits to the reach of human intellect, but that is another matter. Within our limits, we should be able to work our way
8、 through to all our answers, if we keep at it long enough, and pay attention.（分数：10.00）(1).We confronted with ignorance by _ today.（分数：2.00）A.pretending to understand how things workedB.totally ignoring the problemC.exploring it in earnestD.simply making up stories to fill the gaps(2).According to t
9、he passage, good science means _.（分数：2.00）A.something that will help people to make the right choice in advanceB.producing results which cannot be foreseenC.bringing about disturbing resultsD.something surprise the brightest minds of the 18th century Enlightenment(3).The author“s attitude towards sc
10、ience is _.（分数：2.00）A.negativeB.confidentC.depressedD.doubtful(4).According to the passage, which one about scientists in earlier times is Not true?（分数：2.00）A.They invented stories to explain things they didn“t understand.B.They falsely claimed to know how things worked.C.They did not believe in res
11、ults from scientific observation.D.They paid little attention to the problems they didn“t understand.(5).The author believes that（分数：2.00）A.consciousness is not in the scope of scientific researchB.sooner or later man can think up all the questions concerning natureC.man can“t solve every problem he
12、 thinks upD.man will find solutions to any questions concerning nature he can think upOn average, American kids ages 3 to 12 spent 29 hours a week in school, eight hours more than they did in 1981. They also did more household work and participated in more of such organized activities as soccer and
13、ballet (芭蕾舞). Involvement in sports, in particular, rose almost 50% from 1981 to 1997: boys now spend an average of four hours a week playing sports; girls log half that time. All in all, however, children“s leisure time dropped from 40% of the day in 1981 to 25%. “Children are affected by the same
14、time crunch (危机) that affects their parents,“ says Sandra Hofferth, who headed the recent study of children“s timetable. A chief reason, she says, is that more mothers are working outside the home. (Nevertheless, children in both double-income and “male breadwinner“ households spent comparable mount
15、s of time interacting with their parents, 19 hours and 22 hours respectively. In contrast, children spent only 9 hours with their single mothers.) All work and no play could make for some very messed-up kids. “Play is the most powerful way a child explores the world and learns about himself,“ says T
16、. Berry Brazelton, professor at Harvard Medical School. Unstructured play encourages independent thinking and allows the young to negotiate their relationships with their peers, but kids ages 3 to 12 spent only 12 hours a week engaged in it. The children sampled spent a quarter of their rapidly decr
17、easing “free time“ watching television. But that, believe it or not, was one of the findings parents might regard as good news. If they“re spending less time in front of the TV set, however, kids aren“t replacing it with reading. Despite efforts to get kids more interested in books, the children spe
18、nt just over an hour a week reading. Let“s face it, who“s got the time?（分数：10.00）(1).According to T. Berry Brazelton, it“s better for a child if _.（分数：2.00）A.he has plenty of time reading and studyingB.he is free to interact with his working parentsC.he has more time participating in school activiti
19、esD.he has enough time to play and explores the world(2).Which is NOT the situation American kids face today?（分数：2.00）A.Spending eight hours more time a week at school.B.Participating in more activities than the past.C.Having more time playing.D.Spending more time in sports.(3).According to Sandra H
20、offerth, the main reason leading to “the same time crunch“ of children is that _.（分数：2.00）A.more mothers are working outside the homeB.children don“t have chance to play with their parentsC.children are not taken good care of by their working parentsD.parents have trouble in managing their time(4).N
21、owadays, the troublesome problem is American kids _.（分数：2.00）A.are increasingly neglected by their working mothersB.are involved less and less in household workC.are spending more and more time watching TVD.are engaged in lots of structured activities(5).We can infer from the passage that _.（分数：2.00
22、）A.extracurricular activities promote children“s intelligenceB.most children will turn to reading with TV sets switched offC.efforts to get kids interested in reading have been fruitfulD.stopping kids watching TV is not a way to let them readLike most people, I“ve long understood that I will be judg
23、ed by my occupation, that my profession is a gauge people use to see how smart or talented I am. Recently, however, I was disappointed to see that it also decides how I“m treated as a person. Last year I left a professional position as a small-town reporter and took a job waiting tables. As someone
24、paid to serve food to people, I had customers say and do things to me I suspect they“d never say or do to their most casual acquaintances. One night a man talking on his cell phone waved me away, then beckoned (示意) me back with his finger a minute later, complaining he was ready to order and asking
25、where I“d been. I had waited tables during summers in college and was treated like a peon (勤工) by plenty of people. But at 19 years old, I believed I deserved inferior treatment from professional adults. Besides, people responded to me differently after I told them I was in college. Customers would
26、joke that one day I“d be sitting at their table, waiting to be served. Once I graduated I took a job at a community newspaper. From my first day, I heard a respectful tone from everyone who called me. I assumed this was the way the professional world worked-cordially. I soon found out differently, I
27、 sat several feet away from an advertising sales representative with a similar name. Our calls would often get mixed up and someone asking for Kristen would be transferred to Christie. The mistake was immediately evident. Perhaps it was because money was involved, but people used a tone with Kristen
28、 that they never used with me. My job title made people treat me with courtesy. So it was a shock to return to the restaurant industry. It“s no secret that there“s a lot to put up with when waiting tables, and fortunately, much of it can be easily forgotten when you pocket the tips. The service indu
29、stry, by definition, exists to cater to others“ needs. Still, it seemed that many of my customers didn“t get the difference between server and servant. I“m now applying to graduate school, which means someday I“ll return to a profession where people need to be nice to me in order to get what they wa
30、nt. I think I“ll take them to dinner first, and see how they treat someone whose only job is to serve them.（分数：10.00）(1).The author was disappointed to find that _.（分数：2.00）A.one“s position is used as a gauge to measure one“s intelligenceB.talented people like her fail to get a respectable jobC.one“
31、s occupation affects the way one is treated as a personD.professionals tend to look down upon manual workers(2).What does the example in the second paragraph imply?（分数：2.00）A.Waitresses are often treated by customers as casual acquaintances.B.Some customers simply show no respect to those who serve
32、them.C.Some customers like to make loud complaints for no reason at all.D.People absorbed in a phone conversation tend to be absent-minded.(3).What does the author imply by saying “.many of my customers didn“t get the difference between server and servant“?（分数：2.00）A.Those who cater to others“ needs
33、 are destined to be looked down upon.B.The majority of customers tend to look on a servant as a server nowadays.C.Those working in the service industry shouldn“t be treated as servants.D.Those serving others have to put up with rough treatment to earn a living.(4).How did the author feel when waitin
34、g tables at the age of 19?（分数：2.00）A.She felt badly hurt when her customers regarded her as a peon.B.She felt it unfair to be treated as a mere servant by professionals.C.She was embarrassed each time her customers joked with her.D.She found it natural for professionals to treat her as an inferior.(
35、5).The purpose of taking his clients to dinner is to _.（分数：2.00）A.arouse their sympathy for people living a humble lifeB.see what kind of person they areC.show her generosity towards people inferior to herD.experience the feeling of being servedThere are three kinds of goals: short-term, medium-rang
36、e and long-term goals. Short-range goals are those that usually deal with current activities, which we can apply on a daily basis. Such goals can be achieved in a week or less, or two weeks, or possible months. It should be remembered that just as a building is no stronger than its foundation, our l
37、ong-term goals cannot amount to very much without the achievement of solid short-term goals. Upon completing our short-term goals, we should date the occasion and then add new short-term goals that will build on those that have been completed. The intermediate goals bulk on the foundation of the sho
38、rt-range goals. They might deal with just one term of school or the entire school year, or they could even extend for several years. Any time you move a step at a time, you should never allow yourself to become discouraged or overwhelmed. As you complete each step, you will enforce the belief in you
39、r ability to grow and succeed. And as your list of completion dates grow, your motivation and desire will increase. Long-range goals may be related to our dreams of the future. They might cover five years or more. Life is not a static thing. We should never allow a long-term goal to limit us or our
40、course of action.（分数：10.00）(1).Our long-term goals mean a lot _.（分数：2.00）A.if we complete our short-range goalsB.if we cannot reach solid short-term goalsC.if we write down the datesD.if we put forward some plans(2).New short-term goals are build upon _.（分数：2.00）A.two yearsB.long-term goalsC.current
41、 activitiesD.the goals that have been completed(3).When we complete each step of our goals, _.（分数：2.00）A.we will win final successB.we are overwhelmedC.we should build up confidence of successD.we should have strong desire for setting new goals(4).Once our goals are drawn up, _.（分数：2.00）A.we should
42、stick to them until we complete themB.we may change our goals as we have new ideas and opportunitiesC.we had better wait for the exciting news of successD.we have made great decision(5).It is implied but not stated in the passage that _.（分数：2.00）A.those who have long-term goals will succeedB.writing
43、 down the dates may discourage youC.the goal is only a guide for us to reach our destinationD.every one should have a goalIn the college-admissions wars, we parents are the true fighters. We are pushing our kids to get good grades, take SAT preparatory courses and build resumes so they can get into
44、the college of our first choice. I“ve twice been to the wars, and as I survey the battlefield, something different is happening. We see our kids“ college background as a prize demonstrating how well we“ve raised them. But we can“t acknowledge that our obsession is more about us than them. So we“ve c
45、ontrived various justifications that turn out to be half-truths, prejudices or myths. It actually doesn“t matter much whether Aaron and Nicole go to Stanford. We have a full-blown prestige panic; we worry that there won“t be enough prizes to go around. Fearful parents urge their children to apply to
46、 more schools than ever. Underlying the hysteria is the belief that scarce elite degrees must be highly valuable. Their graduates must enjoy more success because they get a better education and develop better contacts. All that is plausible, and mostly wrong. We haven“t found any convincing evidence
47、 that selectivity or prestige matters. Selective schools don“t systematically employ better instructional approaches than less selective schools. On two measuresprofessors“ feedback and the number of essay examsselective schools do slightly worse. By some studies, selective schools do enhance their
48、graduates“ lifetime earnings. The gain is reckoned at 2%4% for every 100-point increase in a school“s average SAT scores. But even this advantage is probably a statistical fluke. A well-known study examined students who got into highly selective schools and then went elsewhere. They earned just as m
49、uch as graduates from higher-status schools. Kids count more than their colleges. Getting into Yale may signify intelligence, talent and ambition. But it“s not the only indicator and, paradoxically, its significance is declining. The reason is that so many similar people go elsewhere. Getting into college is not life only competition. Old-boy networks are breaking down. Princeton economist Alan Krueger studied admissions to one top Ph.D. program. High scores on the GRE helped explain who got in; degrees of prestigious uni
