1、大学英语四级分类模拟题 344 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：0，分数：0.00)Tall men are more likely to have children than their vertically challenged friends because women find height attractive, a new study shows. The preference may be putting evolutionary pressure on men, even today. In an ea
2、rlier study, evolutionary psychologist Robin Dunbar of the University of Liverpool decided to find out which attributes men and women like in their partners. He noticed that men only put their height in their ads if they are tall. “Men never say “I“m a 5-foot-2 Danny De Vito look-alike“,“ says Dunba
3、r. “You only advertise things that are advantageous.“ If tall men are truly more attractive to women, Dunbar reasoned, they might have more children than short men. To test this, he teamed up with two colleagues in the Polish city of Wroclaw. Together they examined the medical records of more than 4
4、,400 healthy men aged 25 to 60 who were given compulsory medical examinations in Wroclaw between 1983 and 1989. The team noted the men“s heights and whether they had children. They then adjusted the figures to account for factors such as the trend for people to be taller the more recently they were
5、born, due to improving diet and healthcare. The results showed childless men were on average significantly shorter than men with one or more children. This confirms that women prefer taller men, says Dunbar. And the finding was backed by another feature of the Wroclaw men: bachelors were shorter tha
6、n their married counterparts. There may be several reasons why women prefer tall men. Society generally associates lofty men with wealth, success and good health. But the fact that the effect is so prominent suggests to Dunbar that the preference is indeed programmed into women“s genes. This might d
7、ate back to a time when tall men in hunting societies were stronger and genetically, better equipped for the struggle to survive. Dunbar hopes his study will persuade scientists that sexual selection influences behavior. “In the social sciences, people seem very reluctant to believe that evolutionar
8、y principles guide human behavior at all. It must help to turn the tide.“ “It“s an interesting study that suggests many more questions,“ says Robert Barton, an evolutionary biologist at the University of Durham. For example, does the same effect occur in different cultures? Other research suggests e
9、xtreme height is unattractive to women, which may explain why evolution has not stretched the height gap between the sexes further. “Clearly, something has limited that process,“ Barton says.（分数：20.00）(1).According to the passage, we can obtain that _.（分数：4.00）A.short men are more attractive to most
10、 womenB.tall men thought their height is their advantageC.short men tend to not advertise themselvesD.women only pay attention to the heights in men“s advertisements(2).What is the purpose of Robin Dunbar“s study in Wroclaw?（分数：4.00）A.To help the medical world to advance.B.To find out why some men c
11、hoose to remain single.C.To see whether tall men are really more likely to have children.D.To see what factors enable men to be taller today.(3).Dunbar mentioned his finding “bachelors in Wroclaw were shorter than their married counterparts“ to prove that _.（分数：4.00）A.shorter men don“t like to attra
12、ct womenB.shorter men are out of the sight of womenC.shorter men don“t like to have childrenD.shorter men are less attractive to women(4).According to Robin Dunbar“s theory, women prefer tall men because _.（分数：4.00）A.tallness is generally associated with wealth, success and healthB.taller men have b
13、etter chance to surviveC.taller men live longer than the shorter menD.tall men have better genes(5).The best title for this passage is _.（分数：4.00）A.Height And AttractivenessB.Comparison Between Tall Men And Short MenC.The Higher, the BetterD.Tall Men Are WealthierMuch of Canada“s forestry production
14、 goes towards making pulp and paper. According to the Canadian Pulp and Paper Association, Canada supplies 34% of the world“s wood pulp and 49% of its newsprint paper. If these paper products could be produced in some other way, Canadian forests could be preserved. Recently, a possible alternative w
15、ay of producing paper has been suggested by agriculturalists and environmentalists: a plant called hemp (麻类植物). Hemp has been cultivated by many cultures for thousands of years. It produces fibre which can be made into paper, fuel, oils, textiles, food, and rope. For centuries, it was essential to t
16、he economies of many countries because it was used to make the ropes and cables used on sailing ships; colonial expansion and the establishment of a world-wide trading network would not have been feasible without hemp. Nowadays, ships“ cables are usually made from wire or synthetic fibres, but scien
17、tists are now suggesting that the cultivation of hemp should be revived for the production of paper and pulp. According to its proponents , four times as much paper can be produced from land using hemp rather than trees, and many environmentalists believe that the large-scale cultivation of hemp cou
18、ld reduce the pressure on Canada“s forests. However, there is a problem: hemp is illegal in many countries of the world. This plant, so useful for fibre, rope, oil, fuel and textiles, is a species of cannabis, related to the plant from which marijuana is produced. In the late 1930s, a movement to ba
19、n the drug marijuana began to gather force, resulting in the eventual banning of the cultivation not only of the plant used to produce the drug, but also of the commercial fibre-producing hemp plant. In fact, marijuana cannot be produced from the hemp plant, since it contains almost no THC (the acti
20、ve ingredient in the drug). In recent years, a movement for legalization have been gathering strength. It is concerned only with the hemp plant used to produce fibre; this group wants to make it legal to cultivate the plant and sell the fibre for paper and pulp production.（分数：20.00）(1).Why is pulp a
21、nd paper production important to Canada?（分数：4.00）A.Canada needs to find a way to use all its spare wood.B.Canada publishes a lot of newspapers and books.C.Pulp and paper export is a major source of income for Canada.D.Hemp is a traditional plant of Canada.(2).Why was the plant hemp essential to worl
22、d-wide trade in the past?（分数：4.00）A.Ships“ ropes were made from it.B.Hemp was a very profitable export.C.Hemp was used as fuel for ships.D.Hemp was used as food for sailors.(3).Why do agriculturalists think that hemp would be better for paper production than trees?（分数：4.00）A.It is cheaper to grow he
23、mp than to cut down trees.B.More paper can be produced from the same area of land.C.Hemp produces higher quality paper.D.It causes less pollution of the environment.(4).Why was hemp banned?（分数：4.00）A.It is related to the marijuana plant.B.It can be used to produce marijuana.C.It was no longer a usef
24、ul crop.D.It was destructive to the land.(5).What does “proponents“ (line 8, pan. 2)mean ?（分数：4.00）A.People who are against something.B.People who support something.C.People in charge of something.D.People who do research on something.The medical world is gradually realizing that the quality of the
25、environment in hospitals may play a significant role in the process of recovery from illness. As part of a nationwide effort in Britain to bring art out of the galleries and into public places, some of the country“s most talented artists have been called in to transform older hospitals and to soften
26、 the hard edges of modern buildings. Of the 2,500 National Health Service hospitals in Britain, almost 100 now have significant collections of contemporary art in corridors, waiting areas and treatment rooms. These recent initiatives owe a great deal to one artist, Peter Senior, who set up his studi
27、o at a Manchester hospital in northeastern England during the early 1970s. He felt the artist had lost his place in modern society, and that art should be enjoyed by a wider audience. A typical hospital waiting room might have as many as 500 visitors each week. What better place to hold regular exhi
28、bitions of art? Senior held the first exhibition of his own paintings in the out-patients waiting area of the Manchester Royal Hospital in 1975. Believed to be Britain“s first hospital artist, Senior was so much in demand that he was soon joined by a team of six young art school graduates. The effec
29、t is striking. Now in the corridors and waiting rooms the visitor experiences a full view of fresh colors, playful images and restful courtyards. The quality of the environment may reduce the need for expensive drugs when a patient is recovering from an illness. A study has shown that patients who h
30、ad a view onto a garden needed half the number of strong pain killers compared with patients who had no view at all or only a brick wall to look at.（分数：20.00）(1).According to the passage, “to soften the hard edges of modern buildings“ means _.（分数：4.00）A.to pull down hospital buildingsB.to decorate h
31、ospitals with art collectionsC.to improve the quality of treatment in hospitalsD.to make the comers of hospital buildings round(2).What can we say about Peter Senior?（分数：4.00）A.He is a pioneer in introducing art into hospitals.B.He is a doctor interested in painting.C.He is an artist who has a large
32、 collection of paintings.D.He is a faithful follower of hospital art.(3).According to Peter Senior, _.（分数：4.00）A.art is losing its audience in modern societyB.art galleries should be changed into hospitalsC.patients should be encouraged to learn paintingD.art should be encouraged in British hospital
33、s(4).After the improvement of the hospital environment, _.（分数：4.00）A.patients no longer need drugs in their recoveryB.patients are no longer wholly dependent on expensive drugsC.patients need good-quality drugs in their recoveryD.patients use more pain killers in their recovery(5).The fact that six
34、young art school graduates joined Peter shows that _.（分数：4.00）A.Peter“s enterprise is developing greatlyB.Peter Senior enjoys great popularityC.they are talented hospital artistsD.the role of hospital environment is being recognizedWhen was the last time you saw a frog? Chances are, if you live in a
35、 city, you have not seen one for some time. Even in wet areas once teeming with frogs and toads, it is becoming less and less easy to find those slimy, hopping and sometimes poisonous members of the animal kingdom. All over the world, and even in remote parts of Australia, frogs are losing the ecolo
36、gical battle for survival, and biologists are at a loss to explain their demise. Are amphibians (两栖动物) simply oversensitive to changes in the ecosystem? Could it be that their rapid decline in numbers is signaling some coming environmental disaster for us all? This frightening scenario is in part th
37、e consequence of a dramatic increase over the last quarter century in the development of once natural areas of wet marshland-home not only to frogs but to all manner of wildlife. However, as yet, there are no obvious reasons why certain frog species are disappearing from rainforests in Australia tha
38、t have barely been touched by human hand. The mystery is unsettling to say the least, for it is known that amphibian species are extremely sensitive to environmental variations in temperature and moisture levels. The danger is that planet Earth might not only lose a vital link in the ecological food
39、 chain (frogs keep populations of otherwise pestilent insects at manageable levels), but we might be increasing our output of air pollutants to levels that may have already become irreversible. Frogs could be inadvertently warning us of a catastrophe. An example of a species of frog that, at far as
40、is known, has become extinct, is the platypus (鸭嘴兽) flog. Like the well-known Australian mammal it was named after, it exhibited some very strange behavior; instead of giving birth to tadpoles in the water, it raised its young within its stomach. The baby flogs were actually born from out of their m
41、other“s mouth. Discovered in 198 I, less than ten years later the frog had completely vanished from the crystal clear waters of Booloumba Creek near Queensland“s Sunshine Coast. Unfortunately, this freak of nature is not the only frog species to have been lost in Australia. Since the 1970s, no less
42、than eight others have suffered the same fate.（分数：20.00）(1).The first paragraph of this passage mentioned that _.（分数：4.00）A.flogs are disappearing only in cityB.flogs and toads are usually poisonousC.flogs are very sensitive to the environment changeD.other species are not dying out so rapidly like
43、frogs because their habitat is less developed(2).What is the current situation about the frog extinction in Australia?（分数：4.00）A.Eight frog species died out so far in Australia.B.Biologists explained why frogs are dying elaborately.C.Frogs are dying out because people destroyed the rainforests in Au
44、stralia.D.The marshland is developing quickly these 25 years.(3).What is NOT true about the platypus flog?（分数：4.00）A.It became extinct by 1991.B.It is not the only frog species that vanished in Australia.C.It gives birth to its baby frogs just like human beings.D.It is not a kind of mammals.(4).Acco
45、rding to the author, which statement is NOT the reason why frog extinction is dangerous?（分数：4.00）A.It is a sign that the environment has been polluted badly.B.They can control the pests at a certain level.C.It is an important member in the food chain.D.It brings damage to human beings financially.(5
46、).The author wrote the article to _.（分数：4.00）A.explain the current situation of frog extinctionB.elaborate the reasons why frogs are dying outC.warn people about the environment crisisD.report a latest studyIs there enough oil beneath the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) to help secure America
47、“s energy future? President Bush certainly thinks so. He has argued that tapping ANWR“s oil would help ease California“s electricity crisis and provide a major boost to the country“s energy independence. But no one knows for sure how much crude oil lies buried beneath the frozen earth with the last
48、government survey, conducted in 1998, projecting output anywhere from 3 billion to 16 billion barrels. The oil industry goes with the high end of the range, which could equal as much as 10% of U.S. consumption for as long as six years. By pumping more than 1 million barrels a day from the reserve fo
49、r the next two three decades, lobbyists claim, the nation could cut back on imports equivalent to all shipments to the U.S. from Saudi Arabia. Sounds good. An oil boom would also mean a multibillion-dollar windfall (意外之财) in tax revenues, royalties (开采权使用费) and leasing fees for Alaska and the Federal Government. Best of all, advocates of drilling say, damage to the environment would be insignificant. “We“ve never had a document case of oil rig chasing deer out onto the pack ice.“ says Alaska State Representative Scott Ogan. Not so fast, say env
