1、大学英语四级分类模拟题 353 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：0，分数：0.00)These days, many large city buildings are equipped with their own air-conditioning systems. These systems help keep the buildings cool, but they can also damage the environment. Since they use a lot of electricity, for i
2、nstance, they contribute indirectly to global warming. In addition, the water that flows through the systems is often cooled using chemicals called chlorofluorocarbons, or CFCs, that are believed to damage the Earth“s ozone layer. Recently, though, a system has been built in the city of Toronto, Can
3、ada, that cools buildings with little damage to the environment. In the traditional air-conditioning systems found in most large buildings, water is pumped through the building in a continuous cycle. The water is first cooled to a temperature of 4 in machines called chillers. It is then sent to indi
4、vidual units that cool the air in each room. As the water flows through the building, it gradually becomes warmer. Finally, it reaches the roof, where it is left to cool down naturally in a water tower. After that it is returned to the chillers, where the cycle begins again. Toronto lies on the shor
5、e of Lake Ontario, one of North America“s Great Lakes, and the new system makes use of cold water taken from about 80 meters below the surface of the lake. At this depth, the water in the lake remains at 4 all year round. This is exactly the temperature to which the water in air-conditioning systems
6、 is cooled. However, the water from the lake is not pumped directly into the air-conditioning systems. Instead, it is used to cool the water that is already inside the air-conditioning systems. After that, the lake water is added to the city“s ordinary water supply. Enwave, the company that develope
7、d this deep-lake cooling system, says that it uses 75 percent less energy than traditional air conditioning. And since no CFCs are used, no damage can be caused to the ozone layer. Not every city is located next to a large lake, but experts believe that systems like the one being used in Toronto cou
8、ld be built elsewhere by using other natural sources of cold water.（分数：20.00）(1).What is one problem with traditional air-conditioning systems?（分数：4.00）A.The chemicals they use sometimes pollute the water supply.B.They often damage the buildings that they are trying to cool.C.There are not enough CF
9、Cs in the world to cool all the buildings.D.The method they use to cool water is thought to harm the ozone layer.(2).What is the function of the chillers in a traditional air-conditioning system?（分数：4.00）A.They pump the air continuously to the units in each room.B.They lower the temperature of the w
10、ater in the system.C.They help the water cool down naturally on the roof.D.They gradually clean the water as it flows through the building.(3).What happens in the end to the water from Lake Ontario?（分数：4.00）A.It is used by the residents of Toronto.B.It is returned to a place deep in the lake.C.It is
11、 cooled down before being used again.D.It is added to the water inside air-conditioning systems.(4).What is one advantage of Enwave“s new system?（分数：4.00）A.It keeps buildings much cooler than other methods.B.It can be used by large cities anywhere in the world.C.It is much more energy-efficient than
12、 traditional systems.D.It keeps water from being used for more than one purpose.(5).Which of the following is true?（分数：4.00）A.Enwave“s system is said to work only in cities located near the Great Lakes.B.The water deep in Lake Ontario always remains at the same temperature.C.Experts warn that the us
13、e of CFCs in Enwave“s system will add to global warming.D.Toronto is now searching for new natural sources of water to use in its water supply.British psychologists have found evidence of a link between excessive Internet use and depression, a research has shown. Leeds University researchers, writin
14、g in the Psychopathology journal, said a small proportion of Internet users were classed as Internet addicts and that people in this group were more likely to be depressed than non-addicted users. The article on the relationship between excessive Internet use and depression, a questionnaire-based st
15、udy of 1,319 young people and adults, used data gathered from respondents to links placed on UK-based social networking sites. The respondents answered questions about how much time they spent on the Internet and what they used it for; they also completed the Beck Depression Inventory a series of qu
16、estions designed to measure the severity of depression. The six-page report, by the university“s Institute of Psychological Sciences, said 18 of the people who completed the questionnaire were Internet addicts. “Our research indicates that excessive Internet use is associated with depression, but wh
17、at we don“t know is which comes firstare depressed people drawn to the Internet or does the Internet cause depression?“ the article“s lead author, Dr. Catriona Morrison, said. “What is clear is that, for a small part of people, excessive use of the Internet could be a warning signal for depressive t
18、endencies.“ The age range of all respondents was between 16 and 51 years, with a mean age of 21.24. The mean age of the 18 Internet addicts, 13 of whom were male and five female, was 18.3 years. By comparing the scale of depression within this group to that within a group of 18 non-addicted Internet
19、 users, researchers found the Internet addicts had a higher incidence of moderate to severe depression than non-addicts. They also discovered that addicts spent proportionately more time browsing sexually pleasing websites, online gaming sites and online communities. “This study reinforces the publi
20、c speculation (推测) that over-engaging in websites that serve to replace normal social function might be linked to psychological disorders like depression and addiction,“ Morrison said. “We now need to consider the wider societal implications of this relationship and establish clearly the effects of
21、excessive Internet use on mental health.“（分数：20.00）(1).Internet addicts are people who _.（分数：4.00）A.use the Internet more than enoughB.feel depressed when using the InternetC.feel depressed without the InternetD.seldom connect to the Internet(2).What was collected as data by the researchers?（分数：4.00
22、A.Respondents“ answers to a questionnaire.B.Links on UK-based social networking sites.C.Respondents“ visits to UK-based social networking sites.D.The number of users of UK-based social networking sites.(3).What is confirmed by the study?（分数：4.00）A.Depression leads to excessive use of Internet.B.Dep
23、ression results from excessive use of Internet.C.Excessive use of Internet usually accompanies depression.D.Excessive use of Internet is usually prior to depression.(4).It is speculated by the public that online communities _.（分数：4.00）A.can never replace normal social functionB.are associated with p
24、sychological disordersC.shouldn“t take the blame for psychological disordersD.are intended to replace normal social function(5).According to Dr. Catriona Morrison, the public speculation _.（分数：4.00）A.is worth further studyB.helps clarify their studyC.lacks scientific evidenceD.turns out to be correc
25、tThe predictability of our mortality rates is something that has long puzzled social scientists. After all, there is no natural reason why 2,500 people should accidentally shoot themselves each year or why 7,000 should drown or 55,000 die in their cars. No one establishes a quota for each type of de
26、ath. It just happens that they follow a consistent pattern year after year. A few years ago a Canadian psychologist named Gerald Wilde became interested in this phenomenon. He noticed that mortality rates for violent and accidental deaths throughout the western world have remained oddly static throu
27、ghout the whole of the century, despite all the technological advances and increases in safety standards that have happened in that time. Wilde developed an intriguing theory called “risk homeostasis“. According to this theory, people instinctively live with a certain level of risk. When something i
28、s made safer, people will get around the measure in some way to reassert the original level of danger. If, for instance, they are required to wear seat belts, they will feel safer and thus will drive a little faster and a little more recklessly, thereby statistically canceling out the benefits that
29、the seat belt confers. Other studies have shown that where an intersection is made safer, the accident rate invariably falls there but rises to a compensating level elsewhere along the same stretch of road. It appears, then, that we have an innate need for danger. In all events, it is becoming clear
30、er and clearer to scientists that the factors influencing our lifespan are far more subtle and complex than had been previously thought. It now appears that if you wish to live a long life, it isn“t simply a matter of adhering to certain precautions., eating the right foods, not smoking, driving wit
31、h care. You must also have the right attitude. Scientists at the Duke University Medical Center made a 15-year study of 500 persons personalities and found, somewhat to their surprise, that people with a suspicious or mistrustful nature die prematurely far more often than people with a sunny disposi
32、tion. Looking on the bright side, it seems, can add years to your life span.（分数：20.00）(1).What social scientists have long felt puzzled about?（分数：4.00）A.The mortality rate can not be predicted.B.The death types remained stable year after year.C.A quota for each type of death has not come into being.
33、D.People lost their lives every year for this or that reason.(2).In his research, Gerald Wilde finds that technological advances and increases in safety standards _.（分数：4.00）A.have helped solve the problem of so high death rateB.have oddly accounted for mortality rates in the past centuryC.have redu
34、ced mortality rates for violent and accidental deathsD.have achieved no effect in bringing down the number of deaths(3).According to the theory of “risk homeostasis“, some traffic accidents result from _.（分数：4.00）A.our innate desire for riskB.our fast and reckless drivingC.our ignorance of seat belt
35、 benefitsD.our instinctive interest in speeding(4).By saying “.statistically canceling out the benefits that the seat belt confers“ (Para.2), the author means _.（分数：4.00）A.wearing seat belts does not have any benefits from the statistic point of viewB.deaths from wearing seat belts are the same as t
36、hose from not wearing themC.deaths from other reasons counterbalance the benefits of wearing seat beltsD.wearing seat belts does not necessarily reduce deaths from traffic accidents(5).Which of the following may contribute to a longer lifespan?（分数：4.00）A.Showing adequate trust instead of suspicion o
37、f others.B.Eating the food low in fat and driving with great care.C.Cultivating an optimistic personality and never losing heart.D.Looking on the bright side and developing a balanced level of risk.Traffic lights are crucial tools for regulating traffic flow. They are not, however, perfect. Drivers
38、exchange the gridlock that would happen at unmanaged junctions for a pattern of stop-go movement that can still be frustrating, and which burns more fuel than a smooth passage would. Creating such a smooth passage means adjusting a vehicle“s speed so that it always arrives at the lights when they ar
39、e green. That is theoretically possible, but practically hard. Roadside signs wired to traffic lights may help, but they have not been widely deployed. Now scientists have an idea that could make the process cheaper and more effective. Instead of a hardwired network of signs, they propose to use mob
40、ile-phone apps. For a driver to benefit, he must load a special software, dubbed SignalGuru, into his phone and then mount it on a special bracket attached to the inside of his car“s windscreen, with the camera lens pointing forwards. SignalGuru is designed to detect traffic lights and track their s
41、tatus as red, amber or green. It broadcasts this information to other phones in the area that are fitted with the same software, andif there are enough of themthe phones thus each know the status of most of the lights around town. Using this information, SignalGuru is able to calculate the traffic-l
42、ight schedule for the region and suggest the speed at which a driver should travel in order to avoid running into red lights. Tests in Cambridge, Massachusetts, where five drivers were asked to follow the same route for three hours, and in Singapore, where eight drivers were asked to follow one of t
43、wo routes for 30 minutes, revealed that SignalGuru was capable of predicting traffic-light activity with an accuracy of 98.2% and 96.3% respectively, in the two cities. This was particularly impressive because in Cambridge the lights shifted, roughly half-way through the test, from their off-peak sc
44、hedule to their afternoon-traffic schedule, while in Singapore lights are adaptive, using detectors embedded under the road to determine how much traffic is around and thus when a signal should change. Fuel consumption fell, tooby about 20%. SignalGuru thus reduces both frustration and fuel use, and
45、 makes commuting a slightly less horrible experience.（分数：20.00）(1).What do drivers do if they want to pass unmanaged junctions smoothly?（分数：4.00）A.They must wait patiently until traffic lights turn green.B.They need to help traffic police to regulate traffic flows.C.They can drive through the red li
46、ghts if nobody is around.D.They have to adjust the speed in time for the green lights.(2).Roadside signs have not been widely deployed probably because _.（分数：4.00）A.it takes a lot of space to put them upB.it is hard to wire them to traffic lightsC.they cost more money to installD.they are less effec
47、tive in bad weather(3).What do we know about SignalGuru from the second paragraph?（分数：4.00）A.It is intended to keep track of traffic jams.B.It can show where all traffic lights are.C.It enables phones to share the information.D.It works as a brake that slows down the car.(4).What did tests in Cambri
48、dge and Singapore reveal?（分数：4.00）A.SignalGuru can detect the status of traffic lights with accuracy.B.Traffic lights in Cambridge work better than those in Singapore.C.Drivers in Singapore follow traffic rules better than those in Cambridge.D.Traffic lights in Cambridge are more adaptive in off-pea
49、k hour.(5).What does the passage mainly concern?（分数：4.00）A.Traffic lights turn out to be not perfect all the time.B.Phones with SignalGuru can be a great aid to drivers.C.Drivers are often struck at unmanaged junctions.D.Cities in the developed countries need SignalGuru badly.Researchers say extra vitamin E fed to turkeys appears to help control infections from listeria (李氏杆菌). People who eat foods that contain this bacteria can get listeriosis (李氏杆菌病). This disease is especially dangerous to pregnant women, newborn babies and people with weakened defe
