1、大学英语四级分类模拟题 373 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Section A(总题数：1，分数：30.00)Domestic laws, not a global treaty, are the way to fight global warming. Governments like to cite 1 constraints (限制) such as meeting the conditions for an international difficultywhen pushing t
2、hrough unpopular policies. But with measures to 2 with climate change, the opposite prevails. Each round of intergovernmental talks on cutting 3 and compensating victims seems to achieve less than the one before. Meanwhile, according to a new study the number of new domestic environment laws rose qu
3、ickly. And the overall trend is a strong increase in legal activism. Last year Mexico passed an important law to guide all its climate-change 4 . Some people define what counts as a climate law is hard when so much 5 the environment. The number of laws alone is not the 6 measure: some are comprehens
4、ive and others specific. Rules set by other layers of government may 7 more than the national kind. And just because a law passes does not mean it will do any good. Yet Sam Fankhauser of the London School of Economics says the rise in national legislation helps stop the skeptics“ claim that it is se
5、lf-defeating for a country to act alone on climate change. He also points out that many big countries still have a way to go. The study 8 the weak link between global action and domestic change. Holding a big climate conference 9 a series of laws a couple of years later. But by and 10 voters appear
6、more willing to accept domestic environmental laws than international ones. A. affects F. external K. matter B. crucial G. internal L. policies C. deal H. large M. promote D. effects I. less N. prompts E. emissions J. literally O. reveals（分数：30.00）三、Section B(总题数：1，分数：40.00)Why Teenagers Really Do N
7、eed an Extra Hour in Bed?A. “Making teens start school in the morning is “cruel“,“ a brain doctor claimed. So declared a British newspaper headline in 2007 after a talk I gave at an academic conference. One disbelieving reader responded: “This man sounds brain-dead.“ B. That was a typical reaction t
8、o work I was reporting at the time on teenage sleep patterns and their effect on performance at school. Six years on there is growing acceptance that the structure of the academic day needs to take account of adolescent sleep patterns. The latest school to adopt a later start time is the UCL Academy
9、 in London; others are considering following suit. C. So what are the facts about teenage sleep, and how should society adjust to these needs? The biology of human sleep timing, like that of other mammals, changes as we age. This has been shown in many studies. As adolescence begins, bedtimes and wa
10、king times get later. This trend continues until 19.5 years in women and 21 in men. Then it reverses. At 55 we wake at about the time we woke prior to adolescence. On average this is two hours earlier than adolescents. This means that for a teenager, a 7 a.m. alarm call is the equivalent of a 5 a.m.
11、 start for a person in their 50s. D. Precisely why this is so is unclear but the shifts related with changes in hormones (荷尔蒙) at adolescence and the decline in those hormones as we age. However, biology is only part of the problem. Additional factors include a more relaxed attitude to bedtimes by p
12、arents, a general disregard for the importance of sleep, and access to TVs, DVDs, PCs, gaming devices, cell phones and so on, all of which promote alertness and eat into time available for sleep. E. The amount of sleep teenagers get varies between countries, geographic region and social class, but a
13、ll studies show they are going to bed later and not getting as much sleep as they need because of early school starts. F. Mary Carskadon at Brown University in Providence, Rhode Island, who is a pioneer in the area of adolescent sleep, has shown that teenagers need about 9 hours a night to maintain
14、full alertness and academic performance. My own recent observations at a UK school in Liverpool suggested many were getting just 5 hours on a school night. Unsurprisingly, teachers reported students dozing in class. G. Evidence that sleep is important is overwhelming. Elegant research has demonstrat
15、ed its critical role in memory improvement and our ability to generate wise solutions to complex problems. Sleep disruption may increase the level of the stress. Excited behaviors, lack of empathy, sense of humor and mood are similarly affected. All in all, a tired adolescent is a moody, insensitive
16、, angry and stressed one. Perhaps less obviously, sleep loss is associated with metabolic (新陈代谢的) changes. Long-term lack of sleep might be an important factor for negative conditions such as diabetes (糖尿病), overweight and high blood pressure. H. Adolescents are increasingly using stimulants to comp
17、ensate for sleep loss, and caffeinated (含咖啡因的) and/or sugary drinks are the usual choice. So a caffeinated drink late in the day delays sleep at night. Tiredness also increases the likelihood of taking up smoking. I. In the US, the observation that teenagers have biologically delayed sleep patterns
18、compared to adults prompted several schools to put back the start of the school day. An analysis of the impact by Kyla Wahlstrom at the University of Minnesota found that academic performance was enhanced, as was attendance. Sleeping in class declined, as did self-reported depression. In the UK, Mon
19、kseaton High School near Newcastle instituted a 10 am start in 2009 and saw a progress in academic performance. J. However, a later start by itself is not enough. Society in general, and teenagers in particular, must start to take sleep seriously. Sleep is not a luxury but a fundamental biological n
20、eed, enhancing creativity, productivity, mood and the ability to interact with others. K. If you are dependent upon an alarm clock, or your parents, to get you out of bed; if you take a long time to wake up; if you feel sleepy and impatient during the day; if your behavior is overly impulsive, it me
21、ans you are probably not getting enough sleep. Take control. Ensure the bedroom is a place that promotes sleepdark and not too warmdon“t text, use a computer or watch TV for at least half an hour before trying to sleep and avoid bright lights. Try not to nap during the day, and seek out natural ligh
22、t in the morning to adjust the body clock and sleep patterns to an earlier time. Avoid caffeinated drinks after lunch. L. It is my strongly held view, based upon the evidence, that the efforts of dedicated (专注的) teachers and the money spent on school facilities will have a greater impact and educati
23、on will be more rewarding when, collectively, teenagers, parents, teachers and school governors start to take sleep seriously. In the universal language of school reports: we must do better.（分数：40.00）(1).In the US and the UK, several schools that delayed the start of the school day witnessed a progr
24、ess in academic performance.（分数：4.00）(2).Taking a nap during the day is not favored as it may prohibit teens from adjusting the body clock to an earlier time.（分数：4.00）(3).The hormones in human body decrease step by step as people get older.（分数：4.00）(4).The author found in his recent observations tha
25、t many teens didn“t get enough sleep on a school night.（分数：4.00）(5).Education can be more rewarding when the teenagers“ sleep is taken seriously.（分数：4.00）(6).A tired adolescent usually takes caffeinated drinks as a compensation for sleep loss.（分数：4.00）(7).Geographic region together with social class
26、 and countries may lead to sleep differences among teenagers.（分数：4.00）(8).A certain person didn“t believe the opinion about teens“ sleep illustrated by a brain doctor.（分数：4.00）(9).Sleep loss not only will do harm to teenagers“ mental and emotional state but also may threaten their physical fitness.（
27、分数：4.00）(10).The sleep patterns of human and those of other mammals vary with age.（分数：4.00）四、Section C(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：15.00)With the unemployment rate topping 8% and the government $16 trillion in debt, it“s easy to question why taxpayers are spending $2.5 billion on an SUV-siz
28、ed Mars rover (探测车) named Curiosity, which landed successfully on the red planet in the early hours of Monday. Couldn“t this money go toward something closer to home, such as providing shelter for the homeless or building roads? Yes, it could. But this kind of thinking is shortsighted. The Mars proj
29、ect is the latest manifestation of America“s restless desire to answer previously unanswerable questions and take on new challenges. To paraphrase President John F. Kennedy, America does things like this not because they are easy, but because they are hard. Getting the probe down safely on Mars, aft
30、er a 350 million mile journey, was certainly no easy feat. Virtually all the technology used in the approach and landing was new, or used in new ways. Once settled in, Curiosity should be a particularly awe-inspiring project. It is designed to shed light on big questions: Could life forms have ever
31、existed on Mars? Might they still exist? And are we alone in the universe? When budgets are tight, space projects such as Curiosity come in for particular abuse. They are often portrayed as complicated flights of odd ideas. They are not. They are both inspirational and immensely practical. Technolog
32、y is, after all, an engine of economic growth. If that is a goal, as well it should be, why not support a program that makes science exciting and showcases some of the most interesting things that technology can do? One of the main benefits of projects like this one is to promote a confident America
33、. Throughout history, nations that explore, and engage in science, lead the world. Beginning in the 15th century, for example, European nations sent sailors around the globe and provided the impetus for thinkers such as Copernicus, Galileo and Newton to invent modern physics and astronomy. Not coinc
34、identally, Europe came to dominate the world until the dawn of the 20th century. Those who would slash space program budgets apparently haven“t learned history“s lessons and don“t see the great possibilities that the future presentspossibilities reflected in every image transmitted back from the rov
35、er.（分数：15.00）(1).Why is it easy to question why taxpayers“ money is spent on Curiosity?（分数：3.00）A.Because Curiosity landed on the wrong planet.B.Because the economic situation is depressed.C.Because the money should be spent on the roads.D.Because Curiosity is meaningless and impractical.(2).Accordi
36、ng to the first paragraph, the author believes that _.（分数：3.00）A.people should view Curiosity in the long termB.Curiosity will generate more benefits than other thingsC.people should not focus too much on economic situationD.Curiosity is more important than economic development(3).Although the proje
37、ct on Mars is not easy, America still insists it because _.（分数：3.00）A.new technology and new ways are found to solve the problemsB.the project can shed light on many big questionsC.the nation“s confidence can be strengthened through the projectD.the nation has a restless desire to answer unanswerabl
38、e questions and take on new challenges(4).Why does the author say that space projects are practical?（分数：3.00）A.Because they make science exciting.B.Because they promote economic growth.C.Because they increase America“s national power.D.Because they show what technology can bring.(5).The author uses
39、Europe from 15th century to early 20th century as an example to suggest that _.（分数：3.00）A.nations which send sailors around the globe will be strongerB.nations which develop physics and astronomy will be strongerC.nations which support science exploration will be strongerD.nations which dominate the
40、 world will be stronger六、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：15.00)The argument that global warming is causing more extreme weather is problematic because it presumes the globe is warming. In fact, the global temperature trend line has been stable for more than a dozen years, while carbon dioxide has increased 7%.
41、 If carbon dioxide was the driver, then why have global temperatures stopped increasing? Keep in mind that carbon dioxide represents 0.0395% of the Earth“s atmosphere. Arguing that carbon dioxide is driving the small temperature variations in our climate as opposed to the oceans, which cover 70% of
42、the planet and have 1000 times the heat capacity of air, or the output of our sun, is scientifically disturbing. Weather is more publicized nowadays because of its impact on society and the constant push of the global warming agenda. Increases in population result in more people being in the path of
43、 Mother Nature“s great anger. Global warming activists attribute every major weather event to man because they are either uninformed about history, or choose to ignore it. The latest claims resulting from this series of hot and dry summers ignore the fact that more state heat records were set in the
44、 1930s than all other decades of the last century combined. Anyone remember the Dust Bowl? Seven major hurricanes hit the East Coast from 1954 to 1960. Now that we are in a pattern similar to the 1950s, the East Coast is vulnerable once again, and attributing events like Hurricane Irene to global wa
45、rming is incorrect. All the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC. projections for our climate have proved to be wrong. Global temperatures have stopped increasing and are nowhere near estimates made a decade ago. The IPCC incorrectly predicted Arctic sea ice would disappear by now. After
46、Katrina in 2005, more and stronger hurricanes were forecast to be the future. The Accumulated Cyclone (气旋) Energy Index for the globe has instead declined to the lowest level in 30 years. This does not mean we will not see warm weather and land-falling hurricanes. We are in a pattern similar to the
47、1950s when US heat and drought as well as East Coast land-falling hurricanes were quite prevalent. Perhaps when the Atlantic becomes cold, we will be hearing Ice Age scares again as we did in the 1970s.（分数：15.00）(1).According to the first paragraph, _.（分数：3.00）A.there is less extreme weatherB.the gl
48、obal temperature is always stableC.the globe is not warmingD.carbon dioxide delays global warming(2).Why is it wrong to argue that carbon dioxide drives global warming?（分数：3.00）A.Because the sun and the oceans produce much more heat.B.Because carbon dioxide generates very little heat.C.Because the a
49、ir has a smaller heat capacity.D.Because there are many factors driving global temperature.(3).The author suggests the global warming activists _.（分数：3.00）A.pay more attention to historical recordsB.do not publicize weather too muchC.control increase in populationD.blame man for global warming(4).Why is the East Coast vulnerable to hurricanes once again?（分数：3.00）A.Because it is in a pattern similar to the 1950s when hurricanes were prevalent.B.Because the IPCC makes projections that are inaccurate and unreliable.C.Because global warming is proved to be no longer a
