1、大学英语四级分类模拟题 478 及答案解析(总分：210.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.50)1.Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on the picture below. You should start your essay with a brief account of how parents raise their children and then explain whether it is goo
2、d to make children the centre of the universe. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. （分数：106.50）_二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：12.50)What“s Wrong with Science?Direct criticism is an essential part of science, for it is how bad ideas are removed f
3、rom good ones. So when Randy Schekman, one of the 2013 crop of Nobel prize-winners (for physiology or medicine, in his case), decided to criticize the way scientific journals are run, he did not hold back. Dr Schekman chose the week of the prize giving to announce that the laboratory he runs at the
4、University of California, Berkeley, will resist what he describes as “luxury journals“. By that he meant those commonly regarded as the most famous, such as Cell, Nature and Science . He levels two charges against such journals. The first is that, aware of their reputation and keen to protect it, th
5、ey artificially restrict the number of papers they acceptacting, as he put it in an interview with the Guardian , a British newspaper, like “fashion designers who create limited-edition handbags or suits. knowing scarcity stimulates demand“. Their behavior, he says, is more helpful for the selling o
6、f subscriptions than the publishing of the best research. Second, he argues that science as a whole is being distorted (歪曲) by wrong motivations, especially the tyranny (暴虐) of the “ impact factor “, a number that aims to measure how important a given journal is. Researchers who publish in journals
7、with a high impact factorlike the three named abovecan expect promotion, pay rises and professional honors. Those that do not can expect obscurity (默默无闻) or even unemployment, a Darwinian system known among academics as “publish or perish“. Dr Schekman may not be the most disinterested commentator.
8、Besides his job at Berkeley, he also edits eLife , an open-access journal with ambitions to compete with the top dogs, and which is supported by a trio of wealthy science charities. Many worry that the pressure to publish flashy research in famous journals encourages hype and faddishness. Jobbing sc
9、ientists can be reluctant to speak up, fearful of the damage they might do to their careers by rocking the boat. But one of the many advantages of being a Nobel winner is that you no longer have to worry about such things.（分数：12.50）(1).Why is direct criticism so important in science?（分数：2.50）A.Becau
10、se it can clear up bad ideas.B.Because it may contain inspiration.C.Because it can help scientists win prizes.D.Because it can motivate scientists to be good.(2).Why do the luxury journals limit the number of papers they accept?（分数：2.50）A.Because they want to publish the best research.B.Because they
11、 have limited space for the papers.C.Because they do not want to waste their time.D.Because they“d like to protect their reputation.(3).What does “ impact factor “ (Line 2, Para. 4) refer to?（分数：2.50）A.A number that measures the importance of one journal.B.A number that measures how well one journal
12、 sells.C.A number that measures how much science has been distorted.D.A number that measures the influence of society on one journal.(4).Which may happen if a researcher doesn“t publish in important journals?（分数：2.50）A.Get promoted.B.Win honors.C.Make progress.D.Lose job.(5).Why are jobbing scientis
13、ts unwilling to tell their discontent of the pressure to publish?（分数：2.50）A.Because they are afraid of the damage to their careers.B.Because they do not care about the pressure very much.C.Because they feel comfortable with such pressure.D.Because they count on such pressure to work hard.五、Passage T
14、wo(总题数：1，分数：71.00)The unemployment rate continues to improve. It was 10% in the fall of 2009. It was 7.5% at this time last year. It has been fluctuating 6.3% and 6.7% for the last couple months. But before we celebrate, we need to examine the numbers behind the numbers. These can mask deeper proble
15、ms. Youth unemployment is one such problem. Young people face higher hurdles to and in the job market. They have fewer skills, less work experience and smaller networks. The consequences are devastating and the facts bear this out. Those with more education do better but no group is held harmless. U
16、nemployment rates for recent college graduates increased from 3.1% in 2008 to 8% in 2010. High youth unemployment rates predate the recession. In 2000, the general unemployment rate was approximately 4%. For 15 to 24 year olds it was over 9%. High youth unemployment is not confined to the United Sta
17、tes. For the 33 “developed“ countries in the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), combined 2013 youth unemployment was 16%. But more importantly, individuals, society and the economy suffer from a generation hamstrung by poor, little or no work experience. Solutions are com
18、plicated because we are part of a global economy and recession, we are shifting to a knowledge-based economy, and unemployment is tied to complex social problems. But solutions do exist. Create a “youth guarantee“ similar to the one adopted by leaders of the European Union. It states that “all young
19、 people under the age of 25 years receive a good-quality offer of employment, continued education, an apprenticeship or a traineeship within four months of becoming unemployed or leaving formal education.“ This has had success in some countries. Require that middle and high school programs greatly s
20、trengthen their workplace ties through vocational education, apprenticeships, internships, and teaching of job skills. As the economic recovery continues, we must ensure that we understand the numbers behind the numbers. This means not only paying close attention to the needs of our young workers bu
21、t also responding with significant and decisive action. The United States has a population of over 300 million. Of these, 120 million are under the age of 30. Their future is our future.（分数：71.00）(1).What can we infer from the lines of paragraph two?（分数：14.20）A.The real problem of youth unemployment
22、 is still severe.B.We can not only concentrate on the surface of numbers.C.The unemployment rate continues to be improved.D.We should not celebrate for the lower unemployment rate.(2).What is the main micro reason of youth unemployment according to the 3-6paragraphs?（分数：14.20）A.They are not with goo
23、d education and skill backgrounds.B.There are no adequate jobs for youths in the competitive job market.C.They have fewer skills, less work experience and smaller networks.D.The development of society and economy does not satisfy.(3).What is the main macro reason of youth unemployment?（分数：14.20）A.Th
24、e global economy is suffering from a serious recession.B.It is closely tied with global economy and complex social problems.C.The shifting to a knowledge-based economy causes this problem.D.All nations encounter this annoyed employment issue.(4).What is the crucial point of these two solutions for h
25、igh youth unemployment?（分数：14.20）A.Government is wholly responsible for this troublesome problem.B.The youth can completely depend on the offered help of government.C.The good combination of education and occupation would be embraced.D.The education for youth should be work-oriented.(5).What is the
26、main idea of this passage?（分数：14.20）A.Youth unemployment will be serious for many years even with solutions.B.Youth unemployment can be solved by government and schools.C.Unemployment could be reduced by the efforts of youth.D.We should be clear-headed about numbers and take actions effectively.六、Pa
27、rt Translation(总题数：1，分数：20.00)2.中国新颁布的 老年人保护法 (elderly protection law)规定，成年子女必须看望他们年迈的父母。年迈的父母如果感觉被子女忽视了，可以把他们已成年的孩子告上法庭。但是，法律没有说明子女必须看望父母的频率。法律中也没有说如何执行这项法律、忽略长辈如何惩罚。一位帮助起草老年人保护法草案的教授说，立法主要是为了提高人们对于老年人情感支持需要的意识。 （分数：20.00）_大学英语四级分类模拟题 478 答案解析(总分：210.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.50)1.D
28、irections: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on the picture below. You should start your essay with a brief account of how parents raise their children and then explain whether it is good to make children the centre of the universe. You should write at least 120
29、words but no more than 180 words. （分数：106.50）_正确答案：()解析：The Impact of Parents“ Raising Style on ChildrenNowadays, with the improvement of living standard, parents pay more attention to raising their children. Some learn to appreciate their children by using encouraging words or actions. Some employ
30、punishment. And also, there are some parents who spoil their children and make them the centre of their family, and even the centre of the universe. As is known to all, it is harmful to spoil children and to instill them the concept that they are the centre of the universe. Firstly, it may make chil
31、dren become selfish and tend to take their parents“ generosity for granted. Secondly, this kind of child-raising style may turn children into spendthrifts and make them lack consideration about others. Thirdly, it can not only loosen parents“ authority to set limits so that children may go too far i
32、n the future, but also break the parent-child relationship. In conclusion, it“s not a good style to teach children to be much too self-centred. With their love and actions, parents can instill gratitude and humility to the youthful hearts and make them blossom beautifully. 解析 这是一篇图画类作文。如今，更多的家长愿意腾出时
33、间来养育孩子，而家长们的教养方式也不尽相同：或借鉴他方，施行赏识教育；或依旧信奉“棍棒教育”的威严；或溺爱甚深，把孩子当成家里的宝，甚至是当成寰宇中心。本文从这一社会现象出发，引发考生对这一问题的思考。directions 已经向考生指出了行文方向：先描述父母教养方式，然后分析自我中心的好坏，最后总结全文。这篇文章主要是看懂漫画：老师在讲解太阳系的构成，而孩子给出的回应却是，若无反例，他会一直认为自己就是宇宙的中心(the centre of the universe)。童言无忌，却道出了真相：这显然是个被惯坏了的以自我为中心的孩子。看懂漫画，题目也就容易入手了。注意：切忌将主题理解成个人主义
34、(individualism)。 第一段：引出主题，通过排比句指出几种教养方式。 第二段：论述溺爱及让孩子自以为是宇宙的中心这一观念的危害(1使孩子自私，把父母的慷慨当成理所当然；2可能会使孩子挥霍无度，毫不体贴他人；3使父母丧失权威，无法阻止孩子做得过火，破坏亲子关系)。 第三段：总结上文论述，并提出建议，升华主题凭借爱与行动，向幼小的心灵注入感恩和谦恭，让它们美丽绽放。二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：12.50)What“s Wrong with Science?Direct criticism is an
35、 essential part of science, for it is how bad ideas are removed from good ones. So when Randy Schekman, one of the 2013 crop of Nobel prize-winners (for physiology or medicine, in his case), decided to criticize the way scientific journals are run, he did not hold back. Dr Schekman chose the week of
36、 the prize giving to announce that the laboratory he runs at the University of California, Berkeley, will resist what he describes as “luxury journals“. By that he meant those commonly regarded as the most famous, such as Cell, Nature and Science . He levels two charges against such journals. The fi
37、rst is that, aware of their reputation and keen to protect it, they artificially restrict the number of papers they acceptacting, as he put it in an interview with the Guardian , a British newspaper, like “fashion designers who create limited-edition handbags or suits. knowing scarcity stimulates de
38、mand“. Their behavior, he says, is more helpful for the selling of subscriptions than the publishing of the best research. Second, he argues that science as a whole is being distorted (歪曲) by wrong motivations, especially the tyranny (暴虐) of the “ impact factor “, a number that aims to measure how i
39、mportant a given journal is. Researchers who publish in journals with a high impact factorlike the three named abovecan expect promotion, pay rises and professional honors. Those that do not can expect obscurity (默默无闻) or even unemployment, a Darwinian system known among academics as “publish or per
40、ish“. Dr Schekman may not be the most disinterested commentator. Besides his job at Berkeley, he also edits eLife , an open-access journal with ambitions to compete with the top dogs, and which is supported by a trio of wealthy science charities. Many worry that the pressure to publish flashy resear
41、ch in famous journals encourages hype and faddishness. Jobbing scientists can be reluctant to speak up, fearful of the damage they might do to their careers by rocking the boat. But one of the many advantages of being a Nobel winner is that you no longer have to worry about such things.（分数：12.50）(1)
42、.Why is direct criticism so important in science?（分数：2.50）A.Because it can clear up bad ideas. B.Because it may contain inspiration.C.Because it can help scientists win prizes.D.Because it can motivate scientists to be good.解析：解析 根据题干中的 direct criticism 和 important 定位到原文第一段第一句。该句提到，直率的批评对科学来说十分重要，正因
43、为有了直率的批评，那些不当的想法才得以从好点子中淘汰出去。选项A 意为批评能够清除坏点子，符合原文，故选 A。(2).Why do the luxury journals limit the number of papers they accept?（分数：2.50）A.Because they want to publish the best research.B.Because they have limited space for the papers.C.Because they do not want to waste their time.D.Because they“d like
44、 to protect their reputation. 解析：解析 根据题干中的 limit the number of papers 定位到原文第三段第二句。题干中的 limit 与原文中的 restrict 同义。该句提到了谢克曼博士对上文提到的奢侈期刊的一项指控，即：这些期刊很清楚其声望，为了保持这种杰出的声望，他们人为地限制他们所接受的投稿的数量。故选 D。(3).What does “ impact factor “ (Line 2, Para. 4) refer to?（分数：2.50）A.A number that measures the importance of one
45、 journal. B.A number that measures how well one journal sells.C.A number that measures how much science has been distorted.D.A number that measures the influence of society on one journal.解析：解析 根据题干中的 impact factor 定位到原文第四段。该段第一句就提到了这个概念，“impact factor”后面的内容是对其进一步的解释说明，意为这个数字用来表示衡量某一本期刊有多重要。由此可知，“im
46、pact factor”是一个衡量某本期刊重要性的数字。故选 A。(4).Which may happen if a researcher doesn“t publish in important journals?（分数：2.50）A.Get promoted.B.Win honors.C.Make progress.D.Lose job. 解析：解析 根据题干中的 publish in important journals 定位到原文第四段。该段第二句提到，在有巨大影响力的期刊上(如以上提到的三个期刊)发表文章的学者，将有希望得到晋升，获得更多的酬劳，以及专业嘉奖。没能在上面发表作品的研究
47、者却只能默默无闻，甚至被解雇。故选 D。(5).Why are jobbing scientists unwilling to tell their discontent of the pressure to publish?（分数：2.50）A.Because they are afraid of the damage to their careers. B.Because they do not care about the pressure very much.C.Because they feel comfortable with such pressure.D.Because the
48、y count on such pressure to work hard.解析：解析 根据题干中的 jobbing scientists 定位到原文最后一段倒数第二句。该句提到，工作中的科学家不愿表达他们的不满，他们担心此举会毁掉他们的事业。故选 A。五、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：71.00)The unemployment rate continues to improve. It was 10% in the fall of 2009. It was 7.5% at this time last year. It has been fluctuating 6.3% and 6.7% for the last couple months. But before we celebrate, we need to examine the numbers behind the numbers. These can mask deeper problems. Youth unemployment is one such problem. Young people face higher hurdles to and in the job market. They have fewer skills, less work experience and s
