1、大学英语四级综合-54 及答案解析(总分：180.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Unit 7(总题数：4，分数：180.00)Passage OneA child who has once been pleased with a tale likes, as a rule, to have it retold in identically the same words, but this should not lead parents to treat printed fairy stories as sacred texts. It is always much better to tel
2、l a story than read it out of a book, and, ifa parent can produce what, in the actual circumstances of the time and the individual child, is an improvement on the printed text, so much the better.A charge made against fairy tales is that they harmthe child by frightening him or arousinghis sadistic(
3、残暴的) impulses. To prove the latter, one would have to show in a controlled experiment that children who have read fairy stories were more often guilty of cruelty than those who had not. Aggressive, destructive, sadistic impulses every child has and, on the whole, their symbolic verbal discharge seem
4、s to be rather a safety valve than an incitement to overt action. As to fears, there are, ! think, well-authenticated cases of children being dangerously terrified by some fairy stories. Often, however, this arises from the child having heard the story once. Familiarity with the story by repetition
5、turns the pain of fear into the pleasure of a fear faced and mastered.There are also people who object to fairy stories on the grounds that they are not objectively true, that giants, witches, two headed dragons, magic carpets, etc., do not exist; and that, instead of indulging his fantasies in fair
6、y tales, the child should be taught how to adapt to reality by studying history and mechanics. I find such people, I must confess, so unsympathetic and peculiar that I do not know how to argue with them. If their case were sound, the world should be full of madmen attempting to fly from New York to
7、Philadelphia on a broomstick or covering a telephone with kisses in the belief that it was their enchanted girl friend.No fairy story ever claimed to be a description of the external world and no sane child had ever believed that it was.（分数：45.00）(1).In the writers opinion, a fairy tale_（分数：9.00）A.c
8、annot be read to children without variation because they find no pleasure in itB.will be more effective if it is adapted by parentsC.must be made easy so that children can read it on their ownD.is no longer needed in developing childrens power of memory(2).According to the passage, some people who a
9、re openly against fairy tales argue that_（分数：9.00）A.fairy tales are harmful to children in that they show the primitive cruelty in childrenB.fairy tales are harmful to children unless they have been adapted by their parentC.fairy tales increase a tendency to sadism in childrenD.children who have rea
10、d fairy stories pay little attention to the study of history and mechanics(3).In the writers opinion to rid children of fears, fairy stories should be_（分数：9.00）A.told only onceB.repeated many timesC.told in a realistic settingD.presented vividly(4).In the writers opinion, fairy stories _（分数：9.00）A.h
11、ave a very bad effect on childrenB.have advantages in cultivating childrens imaginationC.help children to come to terms with fearsD.harm children greatly(5).According to the passage, which of the following statement is NOT true about fairy stories?（分数：9.00）A.If children indulged his fantasies in fai
12、ry tales instead of being taught how to adapt to reality by studying history and mechanics the world should be full of madmen.B.Children can often be greatly terrified when the fairy story is heard for the first time.C.Fairy tales may beneficially direct childrens aggressive, destructive and sadisti
13、c impulses.D.Fairy tales are no more than stories about imaginary figures with magical powers which has nothing to do with the external worlPassage TwoEveryone knows how the story of Cinderella ends, but did you ever really think about how she spent her days before she met the prince? Her daily rout
14、ine was not fascinating. She did everything from sweeping the floor to cooking the meals. If someone had asked Cinderella, “Are there any kinds of household work that you particularly hate?“ she probably would have answered, “Why, none, of course. Housework is my duty!“ In the real world, however, m
15、ost people have definite dislikes for certain sorts of household work. Two of these tasks are ironing clothes and washing dishes.Ironing clothes is most hated because it is not a task that can be completed quickly or thoughtlessly. Each piece of clothing must be handled individually, so ironing a ba
16、sket of laundry can take hours! After ironing a piece of clothing with great caution, which requires smoothing out the fabric, and following the seams, you need to place it on a hanger as soon as possible. If you do not follow these directions carefully, it might become wrinkled and you have to star
17、t over. Perhaps that is why ironing is not a favorite thing to do. It calls for extreme attention to detail from beginning to end.Another household job that many people dislike is washing dishes. Of course, some people claim that this work is no longer a problem because we have dishwashers now! Howe
18、ver, no one would argue that dishes, silverware, and especially pots and pans washed in a dishwasher dont come out as clean as they do when washed by hand. For this reason, many of us continues to wash our dishes by hand, but we are not necessarily happy doing it. Cleaning dishes is a job that not o
19、nly takes a lot of energy but also requires the patience to wash and dry them. In addition, unlike ironing clothes, washing dishes is a thing that usually must be done every day. I dont know how Cinderella felt about this particular task, but I believe that most people hate it as much as I do.（分数：45
20、.00）(1).For Cinderella, doing household work is _（分数：9.00）A.an assignmentB.a compulsionC.an obligationD.a burden(2).Most people hate to do clothes-ironing because_（分数：9.00）A.it has to be done by one personB.it must be handled skillfullyC.it involves careful planningD.it is time-consuming(3).To avoid
21、 ironing the clothes over again, one should _（分数：9.00）A.know how to iron certain clothes materialB.spare no care through all the proceduresC.find some proper hangers for the ironedD.pay special attention to the seams(4).Many people still prefer washing dishes by hand to washing machines because（分数：9
22、.00）A.hand-washed dishes are cleanerB.washing dishes by hand is cheaperC.dishwashers are not so easily handledD.some dishes cannot be washed by machine(5).Ironing is different from dishwashing in that（分数：9.00）A.it requires patienceB.it is not a daily routineC.it is not laboriousD.it demands less car
23、ePassage ThreeIn our culture, the sources of what we call a sense of “mastery“-feeling important and worthwhile-and the sources of what we call a sense of “pleasure“-finding life enjoyable-are not always identical. Women often are told “You cant have it all.“ Sometimes what the speaker really is say
24、ing is: “You have a wonderful husband and children-whats all this about wanting a career?“ But women need to understand and develop both aspects of well-being, if they are to feel good about themselves.Our study shows that, for women, well-being has two dimensions. One is mastery, which includes sel
25、f-esteem(自尊), a sense of control over your life, and low levels of anxiety and depression. Mastery is closely related to the “doing“ side of life, to work and activity. Pleasure is the other dimension, and it is composed of happiness, satisfaction and optimism. It is tied more closely to the “feelin
26、g“ side of life. The two are independent of each other. A woman could be high in mastery and low in pleasure, and vice versa. For example, a woman who has a good job, but whose mother has just died, might be feeling very good about herself and in control of her work life, but the pleasure side could
27、 be damaged for a time.The concepts of mastery and pleasure can help us identify the sources of well-being for women, and remedy past mistakes. In the past, women were encouraged to look only at the feeling side of life as the source of all well-being. But they know that both mastery and pleasure ar
28、e critical. And mastery seems to be achieved largely through work. In our study, all the groups of employed women rated significantly higher in mastery than did women who were not employed.A womans well-being is enhanced when she takes on multiple roles. At least by middle adulthood, the women who w
29、ere involved in a combination of roles-marriages, motherhood, and employment-were the highest in well-being, despite warnings about stress and strain.（分数：45.00）(1).It can be inferred from the first paragraph that _（分数：9.00）A.for women, a sense of “mastery “ is more important than a sense of “pleasur
30、e“B.for women, a sense of “pleasure“ is more important than a sense of “mastery“C.women cant have a sense of “mastery“ and a sense of “pleasure“ at the same timeD.a sense of “mastery“ and a sense of “pleasure“ are both indispensable to women(2).The authors attitude towards women having a career is_（
31、分数：9.00）A.criticalB.positiveC.neutralD.realistic(3).One can conclude from the passage that if a woman takes on several social roles_（分数：9.00）A.it will be easier for her to overcome stress and strainB.she will be more successful in her careerC.her chances of getting promoted will be greaterD.her life
32、 will be richer and more meaningful(4).Which of the following can be identified as a source of“pleasure“ for women?（分数：9.00）A.Family life.B.Regular employment.C.Multiple roles in society.D.Freedom from anxiety.(5).The most appropriate title for the passage would be _（分数：9.00）A.The Well-Being of Care
33、er WomenB.Sources of Mastery and PleasureC.Two Aspects of Womens Well-BeingD.Multiple Roles of Women in SocietyPassage FourSome personal characteristics play a vital role in the development of ones intelligence. But people fail to realize the importance of cultivating these factors in young people.T
34、he so-called non-intelligence factors include ones feelings, will motivation, interests and habits. After a 30 years fellow-up study of 800 males, American psychologist found out that the main cause of distinction in intelligence is not intelligence itself, but non-intelligence factors including the
35、 desire to learn, will-power and self-confidence. Though people all know that one should have definite objectives, a strong will and good learning habits, quite a number of teachers and parents dont pay much attention to cultivating these factors.Some parents are greatly worried when their children
36、fail to do well in their studies. They blame either genetic factors, malnutrition(营养不良), or laziness, but they never take into consideration these non-intelligence factors. At the same time, some teachers dont inquire into these as reasons why students do poorly. They simply give them more courses a
37、nd exercises, or even scold or ridicule them. Gradually, these students lose self-confidence. Some of them just feel defeated and give themselves up as hopeless. Others may leave school because they are sick of learning.It is clear that the lack of cultivation of non-intelligence factors has been a
38、main obstacle to intelligence development in teenagers. It even causes an imbalance between physiological and psychological development among a few students.If we dont start now to strengthen the cultivation of non-intelligence factors, it will not only do harm to the development of the intelligence
39、 of teenagers, but also affect the quality of a whole generation. Some experts have put forward proposals about how to cultivate students non-intelligence factors.First, parents and teachers should fully understand teenage psychology. On this basis, they can help them to pursue the objective of lear
40、ning, stimulating their willpower.The cultivation should also be part of primary education for young children. Parents should attend to these qualities from the very beginning.Primary and middle schools can open psychology courses to help students overcome the psychological obstacles to their learni
41、ng, daily lives and recreation.（分数：45.00）(1).Which of the following is not a non-intelligence factor?（分数：9.00）A.Self-confidence.B.Malnutrition.C.Motivation.D.Learning desir(2).According to the passage, some students give up study because_（分数：9.00）A.teachers give them too much exerciseB.parents blame
42、 them for their poor studyC.they are afraid of examinationD.they lack of self-confidence(3).All of the following should be done to cultivate the teenagers non-intelligence EXCEPT_（分数：9.00）A.schools should provide some psychology courses for themB.they should be encouraged to form these qualities sin
43、ce childhoodC.parents and teachers should fully understand their psychologyD.parents should not allow teenagers to watch TV(4).What is the authors attitude towards the neglecting of non-intelligence factors on children?（分数：9.00）A.Positive.B.Negative.C.Neutral.D.Unknown.(5).What does the passage main
44、ly talk about?（分数：9.00）A.What factors can affect teenagers intelligence.B.The results of the neglecting of non-intelligence factors.C.Study on the importance of non-intelligence factors.D.How to cultivate childrens non-intelligence factors.大学英语四级综合-54 答案解析(总分：180.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Unit 7(总题数：4，分数：180.
45、00)Passage OneA child who has once been pleased with a tale likes, as a rule, to have it retold in identically the same words, but this should not lead parents to treat printed fairy stories as sacred texts. It is always much better to tell a story than read it out of a book, and, ifa parent can pro
46、duce what, in the actual circumstances of the time and the individual child, is an improvement on the printed text, so much the better.A charge made against fairy tales is that they harmthe child by frightening him or arousinghis sadistic(残暴的) impulses. To prove the latter, one would have to show in
47、 a controlled experiment that children who have read fairy stories were more often guilty of cruelty than those who had not. Aggressive, destructive, sadistic impulses every child has and, on the whole, their symbolic verbal discharge seems to be rather a safety valve than an incitement to overt act
48、ion. As to fears, there are, ! think, well-authenticated cases of children being dangerously terrified by some fairy stories. Often, however, this arises from the child having heard the story once. Familiarity with the story by repetition turns the pain of fear into the pleasure of a fear faced and
49、mastered.There are also people who object to fairy stories on the grounds that they are not objectively true, that giants, witches, two headed dragons, magic carpets, etc., do not exist; and that, instead of indulging his fantasies in fairy tales, the child should be taught how to adapt to reality by studying history and mechanics. I find such people, I must confess, so unsympathetic and peculiar that I do not know how to argue with them. If their case were sound, the world should be full of madmen att
