1、大学英语四级综合-56 及答案解析(总分：180.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Unit 5(总题数：4，分数：180.00)Passage OneTokyo is one of those places that you can love and hate at the same time.In Tokyo there are always too many people in the places where I want to be. Of course there are too many cars. The Japanese drive very fast when they ca
2、n. But in Tokyo they often spend a long time in traffic jams. Tokyo is not different from London, but it is different when you want to walk.At certain times of the day there are a lot of people on foot in Londons Oxford Street. But the streets near Ginza in Tokyo always have a lot of people on foot,
3、 and sometimes it is really difficult to walk. People are very polite; there are just too many of them.The worst time to be in the street is at 11:30at night. That is when the night-clubs are closing and everybody wants to go home. There are 35,000 night-clubs in Tokyo, and you do not often see one
4、that is empty.Most people travel to and from work by train. Tokyo people buy six million train tickets every day. Although they are usually crowded, Japanese trains are very good. They always leave and arrive on time. On a London train you would see everybody reading a newspaper. In Tokyo trains eve
5、rybody in a seat seems to be asleep, whether his journey is long or short. At most stations, trains arrive every two or three minutes, but at certain hours there do not seem to be enough trains.In Tokyo, ! stood outside the station for five minutes. Three fire-engines raced past on the way to one of
6、 the many fires that Tokyo has every day. Tokyo has so many surprises that none of them can really surprise me now. Instead, I am surprised at myself: I must go there next year on business I know I hate the overcrowded city. But I feel like a man who is returning to his long-lost love.（分数：45.00）(1).
7、Tokyo is different from London in that_（分数：9.00）A.it has a smaller populationB.it is an international cityC.it is more difficult to go somewhere on foot in TokyoD.its people are friendlier and politer(2).What time does the writer think is the worst time to go into the street?（分数：9.00）A.When the nigh
8、t-clubs are closing.B.At 8 oclock in the morning.C.When the train is overcrowded.D.At 11:30a.m.(3).What does the writer say about Japanese trains?（分数：9.00）A.They are very nice and comfortable.B.There are not enough trains.C.They often run behind schedule.D.They leave and arrive at the right tim(4).F
9、rom the writers observation, we can see that fires break out in Tokyo _（分数：9.00）A.occasionallyB.quite frequentlyC.not very oftenD.twice a day(5).The writer hates Tokyo mainly because the city _（分数：9.00）A.is dirty and the people are impoliteB.has been seriously pollutedC.is crowded and noisyD.is not
10、modem enoughPassage TwoDuring the past 30 years or so, television has become a major agent of socialization(社交), often competing with parents and teachers. It occupies more of the working hours of American children, and so it is called “a member of the family“. School age children watch television b
11、etween seventeen and thirty hours a week. For preschool children it is often as high as fifty-four hours a week.By the time the youngster graduates from high school, he or she will have spent roughly 11,000 hours in school compared to more than 22,000 hours in front of television. Children are not j
12、ust watching childrens programs. On the contrary the largest part of their viewing takes place between 8 and 11 p.m. Monday through Saturday and between 7 and 11 p.m. on Sunday.However, 60% of mothers said they placed no “restrictions“ on the amount of time; they permitted their children to watch te
13、levision. Teachers and parents have become increasingly concerned about the effects of television on school performance. Many teachers have reported more and more incidences(发生) of fatigues, tension, and bad behaviors. To minimize the harmful effects of television, parents and teachers at Kimberton
14、Farms School in Phoenixville, Pennsylvania, have been following written guidelines for five years which include no television at all for children through the first grade.Children in second grade through high school are encouraged to watch no television on school nights and limit viewing to a total o
15、f three to four hours on weekends. As many parents reported, the result was obvious. Three days after they turned off the sets, the children could concentrate better, and were more able to follow directions and get along with their neighbors. Recently, the National Parent Teacher Association has bee
16、n working hard in offering advice on choosing programs, setting time limitations, and helping parents and children develop critical attitudes.（分数：45.00）(1).Television might be considered as a member of the family because _（分数：9.00）A.children learn from itB.children spend so much time on itC.parents
17、emphasize its importance by watching it at nightD.children do exactly what they are told on television(2).The largest part of childrens viewing time is spent watching_（分数：9.00）A.educational programsB.programs during the eveningC.game shows and childrens programsD.childrens programs on Saturday morni
18、ng(3).Which of the statements is NOT mentioned in the selection?（分数：9.00）A.It is advisable that high school students not watch television on school nights.B.Children in the first grade is not allowed to watch television at all.C.College students may spend as much time as they like in watching televi
19、sion.D.Preschool children spend more hours in front of television than school age children.(4).Teachers and parents become increasingly concerned about the effects of television because_（分数：9.00）A.television is a member of the familyB.bad influences television has on children are strongC.more and mo
20、re TV sets have been turned out in recent yearsD.children can learn more from television than from their parents and teachers(5).The main point of this selection is that _（分数：9.00）A.parents dont watch enough televisionB.television has helped children improve their imaginationsC.television is a bette
21、r instrument of education than our public schoolsD.children watch television extensively and their viewing habits need to be controlledPassage ThreeGood sense is the most equitably distributed thing in the world, for each man considers himself so well provided with it that even those who are most di
22、fficult to satisfy in everything else do not usually wish to have more of it than they have already. It is not likely that everyone is mistaken in this; it shows, rather, that the ability to judge rightly and separate the true from the false, which is essentially what is called good sense or reason,
23、 is by nature equal in all men, and thus that our opinions differ not because some men are better endowed with reason than others, but only because we direct our thoughts along different paths, and do not consider the same things, for it is not enough to have a good mind: what is most important is t
24、o apply it rightly. The greatest souls are capable of the greatest vices, and those who walk very slowly can advance much further, if they always keep to the direct road, than those who run and go astray.For my part, I have never presumed my mind to be more perfect than average in any way; I have, i
25、n fact, often wished that my thoughts were as quick, or my imagination as precise and distinct, or my memory as capacious or prompt, as those of some other men. And I know of no other qualities than these which make for the perfection of the mind; for as to reason, or good sense, in as much as it al
26、one makes us men and distinguishes us from the beasts, I am quite willing to believe that it is whole and entire in each of us, and to follow in the common opinion of the philosophers who say that there are differences of more or less only among the accidents, and not among the forms, or natures, of
27、 the individuals of a single species.（分数：45.00）(1).According to the author the ability to distinguish between the true and the false is_（分数：9.00）A.endowed by nature to all creaturesB.endowed in equal measure to all personsC.more heavily present in some persons than in otherD.an unnatural cultivated
28、trait in all persons(2).According to the author, the three elements that comprise the perfect mind are（分数：9.00）A.tenacity of thought, capacious memory, quickness of mindB.precise imagination, tenacity of memory, quickness of thoughtC.quickness of wit, ease of conscience, quickness of thoughtD.prompt
29、ness of memory, distinctness of imagination, quickness of thought(3).Which of the following is the basic idea of the first paragraph?（分数：9.00）A.All persons have an equal portion of good will when they are born.B.Great souls are capable of great evil.C.Good sense, in terms of its distribution among p
30、ersons, may be called common sense.D.Good sense is the mark of the truly good person.(4).About himself, the author states that _（分数：9.00）A.he had always sensed his mental superiority over most personsB.his awareness of his mental superiority over others was something that grew slowly, with experienc
31、eC.he actually regards his own mental faculties as inferior in many ways to those of the great majority of personsD.he has never had the feeling that his mind was more than average in any way(5).The author claims that what sets human beings apart from beasts is_（分数：9.00）A.a sense of organization com
32、bined with the ability to createB.the ability to adapt to the surroundingsC.a sense of reason coupled with a strong sense of practicalityD.a sense of reasonPassage FourThe British psychoanalyst John Bowlby maintains that separation from the parents during the sensitive “attachment“ period from birth
33、 to three may scar a childs personality and predispose to emotional problems in later life. Some people have drawn the conclusion from Bowlbys work that children should not be subjected to day care before the age of three because of the parental separation it entails, and many people do believe this
34、. But there are also arguments against such a strong conclusion.Firstly, anthropologists point out that the insulated love affair between children and parents found in modem societies does not usually exist in traditional societies. For example, in some tribal societies, such as the Ngoni, the fathe
35、r and mother of a child did not rear their infant alone-far from it. Secondly, common sense tells us that day care would not be so widespread today if parents, care-takers found children had problems with it. Statistical studies of this kind have not yet been carried out, and they have uniformly rep
36、orted that day care had a neutral or slightly positive effect on childrens development. But tests that have had to be used to measure this development are not widely enough accepted to settle the issue.But Bowlbys analysis raises the possibility that early day care has delayed effects. The possibili
37、ty that such care might lead to, say, more mental illness or crime 15 or 20 years later can only be explored by the use of statistics. Whatever the long-term effects, parents sometimes find the immediate effects difficult to deal with. Children under three are likely to protest at leaving their pare
38、nts and show unhappiness. At the age of three or three and a half almost all children find the transition to nursery easy, and this is undoubtedly why more and more parents make use of child care at this time. The matter, then, is far from clear-cut, though experience and available evidence indicate
39、 early care is reasonable for infants.（分数：45.00）(1).Which of the following statements would Bowlby support?（分数：9.00）A.Statistical studies should be carried out to assess the positive effect of day care for children at the age of three or older.B.Early day care can delay the occurrence of mental illn
40、ess in children.C.The first three years of ones life is extremely important to the later development of personality.D.Children under three get used to the life at nursery schools more readily than children over thre(2).Which of the following is derivable from Bowlbys work?（分数：9.00）A.Mothers should n
41、ot send their children to day care centers until they are three years or older.B.Day care nurseries have positive effects on a childs development.C.A child sent to a day care center before the age of three may have emotional problems in later life.D.Day care would not be so popular if it has noticea
42、ble effects on a childs personality.(3).It is suggested that modem societies differ from traditional societies in that _（分数：9.00）A.the parents-child relationship is more exclusive in modem societiesB.a child more often grows up with his/her brothers or sisters in traditional societiesC.a mother brin
43、gs up children with the help of her husband in traditional societiesD.children in modem societies are more likely to develop mental illness in later years(4).Which of the following statements is NOT an argument against Bowlbys theory?（分数：9.00）A.Many studies show that day care has a positive effect o
44、n childrens development.B.Day care is safe, otherwise there wouldnt be so many nursery schools.C.Separation from parent for very young children is common in some traditional societies.D.Parents find the immediate effects of early day care difficult to deal wit(5).Which of the following best expresse
45、s the writers attitude towards early day care?（分数：9.00）A.Children under three should stay with their parents.B.Early day care has positive effects on childrens development.C.The issue is controversial and its settlement calls for the use of statistics.D.The effects of early day care on children are
46、exaggerated and parents should ignore the issu大学英语四级综合-56 答案解析(总分：180.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Unit 5(总题数：4，分数：180.00)Passage OneTokyo is one of those places that you can love and hate at the same time.In Tokyo there are always too many people in the places where I want to be. Of course there are too many ca
47、rs. The Japanese drive very fast when they can. But in Tokyo they often spend a long time in traffic jams. Tokyo is not different from London, but it is different when you want to walk.At certain times of the day there are a lot of people on foot in Londons Oxford Street. But the streets near Ginza
48、in Tokyo always have a lot of people on foot, and sometimes it is really difficult to walk. People are very polite; there are just too many of them.The worst time to be in the street is at 11:30at night. That is when the night-clubs are closing and everybody wants to go home. There are 35,000 night-
49、clubs in Tokyo, and you do not often see one that is empty.Most people travel to and from work by train. Tokyo people buy six million train tickets every day. Although they are usually crowded, Japanese trains are very good. They always leave and arrive on time. On a London train you would see everybody reading a newspaper. In Tokyo trains everybody in a seat seems to be asleep, whether his journey is long or short. At most stations, trains arrive every two or three minutes, but at certain hours there do not seem
