1、大学英语四级综合-57 及答案解析(总分：120.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Short Answer Questio(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Like most other US college students, Eric Rogers knows that submitting a term paper taken off the Internet is plagiarism and cause for suspension or a failing grade.What about using a paragraph? “Just a paragraph?“ he said.
2、 “Taking a paragraph and changing words, Ive done that before; it wasnt a big deal,“ he decided finally. “As long as I can manipulate (巧妙处理) it to be my words, change a few, its not cheating.“Under the honour code he signed when he entered Duke University last year, it is. But for many college stude
3、nts, the once-clear lines that define cheating have faded. Some colleges and universities have resorted to sophisticated search engines to ferret out cheats. But an increasing number is turning to something decidedly more low- tech: their honour codes. Some campuses are adopting codes for the first
4、time. Others, among them Duke, acknowledging that their codes have existed mostly in name only, are rewriting and more aggressively enforcing them.Cheating has become so common, experts say, that it often goes unreported and unpunished. Surveys show not only that there is more cheating these days bu
5、t also that students and teachers alike have become more accepting of some practices once considered out of bounds. One such survey was performed for the Centre for Academic Integrity, an organization based at Duke that helps create honour codes. In that survey, 27 per cent of students questioned du
6、ring the 2001-2 academic year said that falsifying laboratory data happened “often or very often“ on campus.The new honour codes aim to punish more while also forcing students and faculty members to think about the kinds of offenses that constitnte cheating. At large universities and small liberal a
7、rts colleges alike, educators talk about restoring a “culture of honour.“Its a psychological effect: if people expect you to be honourable, you are more likely to respond with honourable behavior,“ said Nanner1 O. Keohane, the president of Duke.At Duke, a new “community standard“ for academic integr
8、ity will take effect next fall.Under it, the faculty will no longer have to proctor exams, but students will face punishment if they see cheating and do not report it. Faculty members will have greater power to discipline first-time cheats, authority that the university hopes will encourage them to
9、confront offenders.（分数：20.00）(1).How do some universities and colleges find students cheat?（分数：4.00）填空项 1:_(2).It can be inferred from the passage that one of the students honour codes might be “ _“.（分数：4.00）填空项 1:_(3).What does the phrase “out of bounds“ (Line 4, Para. 4) probably mean?（分数：4.00）填空项
10、 1:_(4).Experts say that more and more people cheat, but they are neither _nor_.（分数：4.00）填空项 1:_(5).Whats the main idea of this passage?（分数：4.00）填空项 1:_二、Cloze(总题数：1，分数：80.00)There was a time when parents who wanted an educational present for their children would buy a typewriter, a globe or an ency
11、clopedia set. Now those (1) seem hopelessly old-fashioned: this Christmas, there were a lot of (2) computers under the tree. (3) that computers are their key to success, parents are also frantically insisting that children (4) taught to use them on school-as early as possible.The problem for schools
12、 is that when it (5) to computers, parents dont always know best. Many schools are (6) to parental impatience and are purchasing hardware without (7) educational planning so they can say, “OK, weve moved into the computer age.“ Teachers (8) themselves caught in the middle of the problem- between par
13、ent pressure and (9) educa- tional decisions.Educators do not even agree (10) how computers should be used. A lot of money is going for computerized educa- tional materials (11) research has shown can be taught just as (12) with pencil and paper. Even those who believe that all children should have
14、(13) to computer warn of potential (14) to the veryyoung.The temptation remains strong largely because young children (15) so well to computers. First graders have been (16) willing to work for two hours on math skills. Some have an attention span of 20 minutes. Not every school, (17) , can afford t
15、o go into computing, and that creates (18) problem: a division between the haves and have-nots. Very few parents ask (19) computer instruction in poor school districts, in that there may be barely enough (20) to pay the reading teacher.（分数：80.00）A.itemsB.toysC.setsD.seriesA.privateB.childrenC.school
16、D.personalA.GivenB.ProvidedC.ConvincedD.BelievedA.areB.beC.are beingD.wereA.talksB.comesC.turnsD.mentionsA.ignorantB.blamingC.yieldingD.improvingA.reasonB.soundC.hardD.someA.reliedB.relaxedC.freedD.foundA.wiseB.cleverC.slowD.enoughA.onB.withC.toD.amongA.howeverB.whereC.whatD.thatA.equalB.sameC.wellD
17、.goodA.openingB.accessC.lookD.turnA.approachesB.exposuresC.dangersD.lazinessA.adoptB.keepC.adaptD.devoteA.watchedB.seenC.toldD.taughtA.furthermoreB.thereforeC.howeverD.besidesA.otherB.othersC.manyD.anotherA.forB.againstC.toD.inA.moneyB.computersC.studentsD.parents三、Translation(总题数：5，分数：20.00)1.Modem
18、 medicine has 1(使得婴儿能够健康成长，人的寿命得以延长).（分数：4.00）填空项 1:_2.Scientists have warned that 1(除非找到有效的解决办法 ), the problem of pollution will eventually get out of hand.（分数：4.00）填空项 1:_3.In modern society people 1(从科技发明中得到越来越多的好处).（分数：4.00）填空项 1:_4. 1(科学进步和生活条件的改善) have led to the rapid growth of the world popu
19、lation.（分数：4.00）填空项 1:_5. 1(高峰时段经常发生交通堵塞、汽车误点 ) because of the crowded streets.（分数：4.00）填空项 1:_大学英语四级综合-57 答案解析(总分：120.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Short Answer Questio(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Like most other US college students, Eric Rogers knows that submitting a term paper taken off the Internet is plagiarism and caus
20、e for suspension or a failing grade.What about using a paragraph? “Just a paragraph?“ he said. “Taking a paragraph and changing words, Ive done that before; it wasnt a big deal,“ he decided finally. “As long as I can manipulate (巧妙处理) it to be my words, change a few, its not cheating.“Under the hono
21、ur code he signed when he entered Duke University last year, it is. But for many college students, the once-clear lines that define cheating have faded. Some colleges and universities have resorted to sophisticated search engines to ferret out cheats. But an increasing number is turning to something
22、 decidedly more low- tech: their honour codes. Some campuses are adopting codes for the first time. Others, among them Duke, acknowledging that their codes have existed mostly in name only, are rewriting and more aggressively enforcing them.Cheating has become so common, experts say, that it often g
23、oes unreported and unpunished. Surveys show not only that there is more cheating these days but also that students and teachers alike have become more accepting of some practices once considered out of bounds. One such survey was performed for the Centre for Academic Integrity, an organization based
24、 at Duke that helps create honour codes. In that survey, 27 per cent of students questioned during the 2001-2 academic year said that falsifying laboratory data happened “often or very often“ on campus.The new honour codes aim to punish more while also forcing students and faculty members to think a
25、bout the kinds of offenses that constitnte cheating. At large universities and small liberal arts colleges alike, educators talk about restoring a “culture of honour.“Its a psychological effect: if people expect you to be honourable, you are more likely to respond with honourable behavior,“ said Nan
26、ner1 O. Keohane, the president of Duke.At Duke, a new “community standard“ for academic integrity will take effect next fall.Under it, the faculty will no longer have to proctor exams, but students will face punishment if they see cheating and do not report it. Faculty members will have greater powe
27、r to discipline first-time cheats, authority that the university hopes will encourage them to confront offenders.（分数：20.00）(1).How do some universities and colleges find students cheat?（分数：4.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：With the help of advanced search engines）解析：解析 推断题。文章第三段中有 Some colleges and universitiesfer
28、ret out cheats，句中resort to意为“求助于”，ferret out 意为“搜出，找到”，由此可确定本题答案。aslong as意为“只要，如果，既然”，例如：As long as it doesnt rain we can play只要不下雨，我们就能玩。As long as youve offered，I accept既然你已给我，我就接受。resort的常见用法为 resort to(求助，诉诸，经常去)，后面常接名词或动名词，例如：Im sorry you have resorted to deception我很遗憾你竞用欺骗的手段。(2).It can be in
29、ferred from the passage that one of the students honour codes might be “ _“.（分数：4.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：Never Cheat）解析：解析 推断题。文中并没有明确交代 honour codes的内容，故需找出和 honour codes相关的内容，进而找到隐藏的意义，honour codes 分别出现在第三段、第四段和第五段中，这三段内容均和作弊剽窃有关，由此可推断 honour codes应和 cheat有关，code 有“道德，准则”之意，故其中之一的准则应为“Never Cheat”。(3).W
30、hat does the phrase “out of bounds“ (Line 4, Para. 4) probably mean?（分数：4.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：Not permitted）解析：解析 语义题。该短语出现在句子more cheatingbut alsobecome more accepting of some practices once considered out of bounds，句中有 not onlybut结构，由此可知上下句间的关系，once 意为“曾经”，说明 out of bounds意义和 accept相反，由此可确定 out of bo
31、unds意为“不允许，禁止”。(4).Experts say that more and more people cheat, but they are neither _nor_.（分数：4.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：reported/punished）解析：解析 细节题。问题中提到 expert，由此可在第四段第一句找到对应的句子become so commonunreported and unpunished结合此题结构可确定答案为 repored和 punished。(5).Whats the main idea of this passage?（分数：4.00）填空项 1:_
32、 （正确答案：How to eliminate cheating）解析：解析 主旨题。本题考查全文主旨，需要阅读全文把握：文中出现最频繁的词为 cheat，说明本文内容和 cheat相关，且进一步阅读可发现文章大部分内容为如何杜绝剽窃和作弊，由此可得出本文的主旨。二、Cloze(总题数：1，分数：80.00)There was a time when parents who wanted an educational present for their children would buy a typewriter, a globe or an encyclopedia set. Now th
33、ose (1) seem hopelessly old-fashioned: this Christmas, there were a lot of (2) computers under the tree. (3) that computers are their key to success, parents are also frantically insisting that children (4) taught to use them on school-as early as possible.The problem for schools is that when it (5)
34、 to computers, parents dont always know best. Many schools are (6) to parental impatience and are purchasing hardware without (7) educational planning so they can say, “OK, weve moved into the computer age.“ Teachers (8) themselves caught in the middle of the problem- between parent pressure and (9)
35、 educa- tional decisions.Educators do not even agree (10) how computers should be used. A lot of money is going for computerized educa- tional materials (11) research has shown can be taught just as (12) with pencil and paper. Even those who believe that all children should have (13) to computer war
36、n of potential (14) to the veryyoung.The temptation remains strong largely because young children (15) so well to computers. First graders have been (16) willing to work for two hours on math skills. Some have an attention span of 20 minutes. Not every school, (17) , can afford to go into computing,
37、 and that creates (18) problem: a division between the haves and have-nots. Very few parents ask (19) computer instruction in poor school districts, in that there may be barely enough (20) to pay the reading teacher.（分数：80.00）A.items B.toysC.setsD.series解析：解析 词义辨析题。空格处应填入和上文所列举的与教育有关的事物相对应的词。items 常
38、指一组事物或清单中的一项，符合句意，故选 A。toys 意为“玩具”，sets 意为“一套或一组”，series 意为“一系列”，这三项均过于具体，不能囊括上述与教育子女有关的事物，故排除。A.privateB.childrenC.schoolD.personal 解析：解析 词义辨析题。本题的重点在于区分 private和 personal。前者强调“归私人所有的”，后者在某些方面与 private含义用法相同，但强调“个人的，个人用的”，personal computer 意为“个人计算机”，也是惯用法，即 PC机，故选 D。A.GivenB.ProvidedC.Convinced D.B
39、elieved解析：解析 语法结构题。convince 意为“使相信，说服”，常用于句型 convince sbof sth和convince sb+that 从句，且常用过去分词形式表示“相信”，根据上下文可知，C 正确。given为过去分词，其引导的短语可充当条件状语，意为“在情况下”；provided(that)或providing(that)可用来作从属连词，作用相当于 if，引导条件状语从句，意为“如果的话”；believe为动词，意为“相信，认为”，后直接接宾语，很少用过去分词的形式作状语。A.areB.be C.are beingD.were解析：解析 语法结构题。本题空格前的谓
40、语动词是 insist，结合句意可知，此处 insist意为“坚决要求，坚决主张”，所以本句的从句应为虚拟语气，谓语动词用“(should)+动词原形”，故选 B。insist+that从句表达两种意思：表示“坚持认为(说)”，从句应该用陈述语气；表示“坚决要求，坚决主张”，这时从句应用虚拟语气，谓语动词用“(should)+动词原形”。A.talksB.comes C.turnsD.mentions解析：解析 惯用搭配题。when it comes to 意为“当说到，当涉及”，所以 B正确。A.ignorantB.blamingC.yielding D.improving解析：解析 词义辨
41、析题。ignorant。一般与 of成短语 be ignorant of，意为“不知道”；blame 意为“责怪”，常用句式为 blame sthon sb或 blame sbfor sth；yield to 意为“屈服于，让步”；improve意为“改善”，后面一般不接 to。结合句意可知，C 正确。A.reasonB.sound C.hardD.some解析：解析 词义辨析题。sound 作形容词时，除意为“健全的，完好的”，还可表示“可靠的，合理的”，所以 B正确。A.reliedB.relaxedC.freedD.found 解析：解析 语法结构题。空格后面是一个复合宾语结构，而选项中
42、只有 find可以接复合宾语，所以 D正确。A.wise B.cleverC.slowD.enough解析：解析 词义辨析题。wise 意为“明智的，聪明的”，常用来指行动或决定等方面的正确性，符合句意，故选 A。clever 意为“聪明”，多强调智力上的聪明；C、D 两项不符合句意，排除。A.on B.withC.toD.among解析：解析 惯用搭配题。除 among以外，agree 和其余三个选项搭配均可表“同意”，但各自的侧重点不同。agree on 意为“就取得一致意见”；agree wilh 意为“与意见一致，与相符”，后面既可接表人的名词或人称代词，也可接表示意见、看法的名词或
43、what引导的从句；agree to 意为“同意某一建议或安排并参与执行”。结合句意可知，A 正确。A.howeverB.whereC.whatD.that 解析：解析 语法结构题。本题可采用排除法。根据句子结构可知，空格处应填入一个引导定语从句的关联词。however。和 what不能引导定语从句，排除；而 where虽可引导定语从句，但其先行词应为表地点的词语，排除；故选 D。本句结构复杂，关系代词 that引导的定语从句里的 research has shown可以看做是插入语，that 指代 materials，在定语从句中作主语。A.equalB.sameC.well D.good解
44、析：解析 惯用搭配题。as well 是惯用搭配，意为“也，又”，一般用于句末，本文中用作插入语，故选 C。A.openingB.access C.lookD.turn解析：解析 惯用搭配题。have access to 是惯用搭配，意为“能接近，了解，使用”，所以 B正确。A.approachesB.exposuresC.dangers D.laziness解析：解析 词义辨析题。approach to 意为“接近”；exposure to 意为“暴露于”；danger to 意思为“对的危险”；laziness 意为“无精打采”。结合句意可知，C 正确。A.adoptB.keepC.ada
45、pt D.devote解析：解析 词义辨析题。adopt 是及物动词，意为“采纳，采用”；keep 意为“保持”，和 to搭配意为“遵循”；adapt 意为“适应”，常和介词 to搭配使用；devote 也可以和 to搭配使用，意为“致力于”。根据上下文可知，C 正确。A.watchedB.seen C.toldD.taught解析：解析 词义辨析题。本题的重点在于区分 watch和 see，前者主要着眼于观看比赛、电视等动态的事物；后者着眼于“看到，看见”，本题重点在于“看到”，所以 B正确。A.furthermoreB.thereforeC.however D.besides解析：解析 逻
46、辑衔接题。结合上下文可知，此处在语义上有明显的转折，且由于空格前后有逗号隔开，所以 C正确。A.otherB.othersC.manyD.another 解析：解析 词义辨析题。本句的意思是“那样又制造出了另外一个问题”。other 作“另外一个”讲时，常以固定结构 onethe other出现，所以 D正确。A.for B.againstC.toD.in解析：解析 惯用搭配题。结合上下文可知，本句的意思是“在贫困地区，几乎没有哪位父母要求计算机教学”。ask for 意为“要求”，ask to 后面要接动词原形，所以 A正确。A.money B.computersC.studentsD.pa
47、rents解析：解析 逻辑衔接题。由上文的 poor school districts和空格后的 pay the reading teacher可知，A 正确。三、Translation(总题数：5，分数：20.00)1.Modem medicine has 1(使得婴儿能够健康成长，人的寿命得以延长).（分数：4.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：made it possible for babies to grow up healthily and for people to live longer）解析：解析 “使某人能够做某事”在英语中常用 make it possible for s
48、bto do sth结构来表达。“健康成长”译作 grow up healthily，“寿命得以延长”译作 live longer。2.Scientists have warned that 1(除非找到有效的解决办法 ), the problem of pollution will eventually get out of hand.（分数：4.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：unless effective solutions are worked out）解析：解析 “除非”译作 unless，“有效的解决办法”译作 effective solutions，“找到”在句中含有“想出”之意，译成 work out更妥，由于没有明确主语，故用被动语态，即 effective solutions are worked out。3.In modern society people 1(从科技发明中得到越来越多的好处).（分数：4.00）填空项 1:_ （正
