1、大学英语四级综合-58 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Short Answer Questio(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Last years economy in the United States should have won the Oscar(奥斯卡奖) for best picture. Growth in gross domestic product was 4.1 percent; profits soared up; exports flourished; and inflation (通贷膨胀) stayed around 3 percent
2、 for the third year. So why did so many Americans give the picture only a B rating? The answer is jobs. The macroeconomic (宏观经济的) situation was good, but the microeconomie (微观经济的) numbers were not. Yes, 3 million new jobs were there, but not enough of them were permanent, good jobs paying enough to
3、support a family.Job insecurity was not good. Even as they announced higher sales and profits, corporations acted as if they were in a loss, cutting 516,069 jobs in 1994 alone, almost as many as in the bad year of 1991.Yes, unemployment went down. But over 1 million workers were so discouraged they
4、left the labor force. More than 6 million who wanted full time work were only partially employed; and another large group was either sheltered behind self employment. We lost a million good manufacturing jobs between 1990 and 1995, continuing the trend that has reduced the blue collar work force fro
5、m about 30 percent in the 1950s to about half that today.White collar workers found out they were no longer secure. In 1995, for the first time, they were let go in numbers virtually equal to those for blue collar workers. Many turn to temporary work-with lower pay, fewer benefits and less status. A
6、ll this is a country where people meeting for the first time say, “What do you do?/（分数：20.00）(1).According to the author, what problem is the main economic problem the United States are facing?（分数：4.00）填空项 1:_(2).Although gross domestic product_, profits soared up, exports _, many Americans are not
7、quite satisfied with the economy.（分数：4.00）填空项 1:_(3).What will a newly employed be most likely to find with the job?（分数：4.00）填空项 1:_(4).For the last four decades, who have been more vulnerable to unemployment?（分数：4.00）填空项 1:_(5).The word “those“ in the last paragraph refers to（分数：4.00）填空项 1:_二、Cloze
8、(总题数：1，分数：60.00)From childhood to old age, we all use language as a (1) of broadening the knowledge of ourselves and the world about us. When humans first (2) , they were like newborn children, (3) to use this valuable tool. Yet once language developed, the possibilities for human- kinds future atta
9、inments (成就，造指) and cultural growth increased.Many linguists believe that evolu- tion is (4) for our ability to produce and use language. They (5) that our highly evolved brain provides us (6) an innate (先天的) language ability not found in lower (7) . Proponents of this innateness theory say that our
10、 (8) for language is inborn, but that language itself develops gradually, (9) a function of the growth of the brain during childhood. (10) there are critical biological times for language development.Current (11) of innateness theory are mixed, however, evidence (12) the existence of some innate abi
11、lities is undeniable. Indeed, more and more schools are discovering that foreign languages are best taught in the (13) grades. Young children often can learn several languages by being (14) to them, while adults have a much harder time learning another language once the (15) of their first language
12、have become firmly fixed.Although some aspects of language are (16) innate, language does not develop automatically in a vacuum. Children who have been (17) from other human beings do not possess language. This demonstrates that (18) with other human beings is necessary for proper language developme
13、nt. Some linguists believe that this is even more basic to human language (19) than any innate capacities. These theorists view language as imitative, learned behavior. In other words, children learn language from their parents by (20) them. Parents gradually shape their childs language skills by po
14、sitively reinforcing precise imitations and negatively reinforc- ing imprecise ones.（分数：60.00）A.meanB.methodsC.meansD.waysA.generatedB.evolvedC.bornD.originatedA.unableB.ableC.pleasedD.dislikeA.essentialB.availableC.reliableD.responsibleA.confirmB.informC.claimD.convinceA.forB.fromC.ofD.withA.organi
15、zationsB.organismsC.humansD.childrenA.potentialB.performanceC.preferenceD.passionA.asB.justC.likeD.unlikeA.HoweverB.MoreoverC.ThereforeD.SimultaneouslyA.reviewsB.referencesC.reactionsD.recommendationsA.supportingB.carryingC.helpingD.supposingA.variousB.differentC.higherD.lowerA.revealedB.exposedC.en
16、gagedD.involvedA.regulationsB.formationsC.rulesD.constitutionsA.undeniablyB.deniablyC.definableD.defendableA.distinguishedB.differentC.protectedD.isolatedA.expositionB.comparisonC.contrastD.interactionA.acquisitionB.appreciationC.requirementD.alternativeA.ultimateB.imitativeC.imitatingD.behaving三、Tr
17、anslation(总题数：5，分数：20.00)1. 1(我不能肯定这次手术会不会成功), but Ill do my best.（分数：4.00）填空项 1:_2.Much as I admire his courage, 1(但我认为他这样做是不聪明的).（分数：4.00）填空项 1:_3. 1(正是为了他) that we gave up the journey.（分数：4.00）填空项 1:_4. 1(与乡村宁静而平和的生活相比), life in the cities is blatant and noisy.（分数：4.00）填空项 1:_5.She received the i
18、nvitation they had sent her, 1(但没有接受邀请).（分数：4.00）填空项 1:_大学英语四级综合-58 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Short Answer Questio(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Last years economy in the United States should have won the Oscar(奥斯卡奖) for best picture. Growth in gross domestic product was 4.1 percent; profits soared up; exports f
19、lourished; and inflation (通贷膨胀) stayed around 3 percent for the third year. So why did so many Americans give the picture only a B rating? The answer is jobs. The macroeconomic (宏观经济的) situation was good, but the microeconomie (微观经济的) numbers were not. Yes, 3 million new jobs were there, but not eno
20、ugh of them were permanent, good jobs paying enough to support a family.Job insecurity was not good. Even as they announced higher sales and profits, corporations acted as if they were in a loss, cutting 516,069 jobs in 1994 alone, almost as many as in the bad year of 1991.Yes, unemployment went dow
21、n. But over 1 million workers were so discouraged they left the labor force. More than 6 million who wanted full time work were only partially employed; and another large group was either sheltered behind self employment. We lost a million good manufacturing jobs between 1990 and 1995, continuing th
22、e trend that has reduced the blue collar work force from about 30 percent in the 1950s to about half that today.White collar workers found out they were no longer secure. In 1995, for the first time, they were let go in numbers virtually equal to those for blue collar workers. Many turn to temporary
23、 work-with lower pay, fewer benefits and less status. All this is a country where people meeting for the first time say, “What do you do?/（分数：20.00）(1).According to the author, what problem is the main economic problem the United States are facing?（分数：4.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：Unemployrment）解析：解析 推断题。由第一段中
24、的关键句 The answer is jobs 可知，文章主要是介绍美国的就业形式，且下文均是围绕失业这个问题，由此可知美国当前面对的最大问题是“失业”。(2).Although gross domestic product_, profits soared up, exports _, many Americans are not quite satisfied with the economy.（分数：4.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：increased/flourshed）解析：解析 细节题。从句子 Growth in gross domesticexports flourished
25、可知，当年美国的国内生产总值上升了，出口增加了。(3).What will a newly employed be most likely to find with the job?（分数：4.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：It is not permanent and well-paid）解析：解析 推断题。第一段最后一句提到new jobs were there，but not enough of them were permanent，good jobs paying enough to support family，由此可知，找到新工作的人可能会发现找到的工作不是特别稳定，待遇也不
26、好。(4).For the last four decades, who have been more vulnerable to unemployment?（分数：4.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：The blue collar workers）解析：解析 细节题。文中只提到两种工人，即 blue collar workers 和 white collar workers，结合第三段末句 reduced the blue collar work force from about 30 percent in the 1950s to about half that today，可知近四十年
27、来受失业影响最大的是蓝领工人。(5).The word “those“ in the last paragraph refers to（分数：4.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：number）解析：解析 语义题。those 出现在 they were let go in numbers virtually equal to those for blue collar workers 中，由语法并结合句意可知 those 指代 numbers。let sth/sbgo(let go of sb/sth)意为“放开，释放”，let 的过去分词和过去式的形式仍let，例如：Let the rope
28、 go/Let go of the rope松开绳子。二、Cloze(总题数：1，分数：60.00)From childhood to old age, we all use language as a (1) of broadening the knowledge of ourselves and the world about us. When humans first (2) , they were like newborn children, (3) to use this valuable tool. Yet once language developed, the possibil
29、ities for human- kinds future attainments (成就，造指) and cultural growth increased.Many linguists believe that evolu- tion is (4) for our ability to produce and use language. They (5) that our highly evolved brain provides us (6) an innate (先天的) language ability not found in lower (7) . Proponents of t
30、his innateness theory say that our (8) for language is inborn, but that language itself develops gradually, (9) a function of the growth of the brain during childhood. (10) there are critical biological times for language development.Current (11) of innateness theory are mixed, however, evidence (12
31、) the existence of some innate abilities is undeniable. Indeed, more and more schools are discovering that foreign languages are best taught in the (13) grades. Young children often can learn several languages by being (14) to them, while adults have a much harder time learning another language once
32、 the (15) of their first language have become firmly fixed.Although some aspects of language are (16) innate, language does not develop automatically in a vacuum. Children who have been (17) from other human beings do not possess language. This demonstrates that (18) with other human beings is neces
33、sary for proper language development. Some linguists believe that this is even more basic to human language (19) than any innate capacities. These theorists view language as imitative, learned behavior. In other words, children learn language from their parents by (20) them. Parents gradually shape
34、their childs language skills by positively reinforcing precise imitations and negatively reinforc- ing imprecise ones.（分数：60.00）A.meanB.methodsC.means D.ways解析：解析 词义辨析题。means，way，method 均可意为“方法，方式”，但由于空格前出现了冠词a，说明空格处应填入一个单数名词，选项中只有 mean 和 means 符合，但 mean 作可数名词时意为“中间，中庸，平均数”，means 意为“方法”时，单复数同形，故选 C。
35、means 意为“手段，方式”时，常见的搭配是 by means of(依靠，借助)，by all means(务必，一定)。means 意为“财富”时属于复数名词。A.generatedB.evolved C.bornD.originated解析：解析 词义辨析题。generate 意为“生殖，产生，发展”；evolve 意为“发展，进化”；born(bear_的过去分词)不能单独作谓语动词；originate 意为“起源”。结合句意可知，B 正确，即“人类进化”。A.unable B.ableC.pleasedD.dislike解析：解析 逻辑衔接题。空格前一句话谈到在人类进化的最初阶段，
36、人类像新生的婴儿，由此可知，空格处应填入 unable(不能)，意为“人类还不会使用语言这种工具”，故选 A。A.essentialB.availableC.reliableD.responsible 解析：解析 惯用搭配题。be responsible for 是惯用搭配，意为“对负责”，故选 D。essential 意为“必需的，基本的”，惯用搭配为 be essential to/for sth(对来说是必要的)，例如：Money is not essentlal to happiness金钱对幸福来说不是必要的。available 意为“有用的，可利用的”，惯用搭配为 make sth
37、available to/for(使可以享受某物；使买得起某物)。A.confirmB.informC.claim D.convince解析：解析 语法结构题。由于空格后接有 that，说明其后是宾语从句，选项中能够直接接宾语从句的只有 claim(声称，主张)，故选 C。其他三项用法为：confirm(确认)+名词；inform(通知)sbof sth；convince(使某人确信)sbof sth。A.forB.fromC.ofD.with 解析：解析 惯用搭配题。provide sbwith sth是惯用搭配，意为“向(人)提供(物)”，故选 D。A.organizationsB.org
38、anisms C.humansD.children解析：解析 逻辑衔接题。结合句意“他们声称人类高度进化的大脑为人类提供了先天的语言能力，低等_则没有这种能力”可知，空格处是将人类和其他低等的生物相比较，故选 B。A.potential B.performanceC.preferenceD.passion解析：解析 词义辨析题。potential 意为“潜力”；performance 意为“履行，行为”；preference意为“偏爱”；passion 意为“激情”。结合句意可知，A 正确。A.as B.justC.likeD.unlike解析：解析 惯用搭配题。as 意为“作为，当作”，li
39、ke 作介词意为“像一样”，故选 A。A.HoweverB.MoreoverC.Therefore D.Simultaneously解析：解析 逻辑衔接题。由上下文逻辑关系可确定 C(因此)正确；however 意为“然而，但是”；moreover 意为“而且，此外”；simultaneously 意为“同时地”，均排除。A.reviews B.referencesC.reactionsD.recommendations解析：解析 词义辨析题。review 意为“评论”，结合句意“目前人们对先天论的观点不一，但是支持某些天生能力的证据却是确凿无疑的”可知，A 正确。reference 意为“参
40、考”；reaction 意为“反应”；recommendation 意为“推荐”。A.supporting B.carryingC.helpingD.supposing解析：解析 词义辨析题。结合上下文可推断，空格处应填入分词形式作 evidence 的定语，support 意为“支持，证实”，和主语 evidence 相对应，故选 A。A.variousB.differentC.higherD.lower 解析：解析 逻辑衔接题。由下文介绍儿童比较容易学习其他语言可知，D 正确，lower grade 意为“低年级的”。A.revealedB.exposed C.engagedD.invol
41、ved解析：解析 惯用搭配题。expose 的惯用搭配为 be exposed to(接触到)，符合句意，所以 B 正确。其他三项的搭配为：reveal sthto sb(向某人显露、展现某物)；be engaged in(从事)；be involved in(参与)。A.regulationsB.formationsC.rules D.constitutions解析：解析 词义辨析题。regulation 意为“规定”；formation 意为“构成，构造”；rule 意为“规则，规律”；constitution 意为“宪法，章程”。结合句意可知，C 正确。A.undeniably B.de
42、niablyC.definableD.defendable解析：解析 逻辑衔接题。本题属于同根词复现，上文中已出现过 undeniable(不可否认的)，且此句承接上文关于语言的先天性的内容，故选 A。deniably 意为“可否认地”；definable 意为“可定义的”；defendable 意为“可防御的”。A.distinguishedB.differentC.protectedD.isolated 解析：解析 词义辨析题。isolated 意为“孤立的，与人隔绝的”；distinguished 意为“区别的，杰出的”；different 意为“不同的”；protected 意为“受保
43、护的”。结合句意可知，D 正确。A.expositionB.comparisonC.contrastD.interaction 解析：解析 词义辨析题。interaction 意为“相互作用，相互影响”，结合句意“必须通过与他人_，语言才能够发展”可知，D 正确。exposition 意为“暴露”；comparison 意为“比较”；contrast 意为“对比”。A.acquisition B.appreciationC.requirementD.alternative解析：解析 词义辨析题。本句中的 this 指代上句的 interaction with other human being
44、s，此处所填词应与 innate capacities 对应，即 language acquisition(语言习得)，所以 A(获得)正确。appreciation 意为“欣赏，感激”；requirement 意为“要求”；alternative 意为“转移，转变，转换”。A.ultimateB.imitativeC.imitating D.behaving解析：解析 逻辑衔接题。由本句开头的 in other words(换句话说)可知，本句属于同义复现，即内容和上句一样，只是以另一种方式解释“语言是模仿、习得的行为”，由于介词 by 后要接动名词，所以C(模仿)正确。ultimate 意
45、为“最后的，最终的”；imitative 意为“模仿的”；behave 意为“举止”。三、Translation(总题数：5，分数：20.00)1. 1(我不能肯定这次手术会不会成功), but Ill do my best.（分数：4.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：I have no idea whether this operation will be successful）解析：解析 “我不能肯定”可译作 Im not sure 或 Ive no idea，“会不会成功”常用 whether或 if 引导宾语从句来表示。2.Much as I admire his courage,
46、1(但我认为他这样做是不聪明的).（分数：4.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：I dont think he acted wisely）解析：解析 本题考查让步状语从句，其常用引导词有 although，though，even if/though，much as等，“我认为他这样做是不聪明的”常把否定提前，即“我不认为他这样做是聪明的”，可译为 I dont think he acted wisely 或 I dont think its wise of him to do so。3. 1(正是为了他) that we gave up the journey.（分数：4.00）填空项 1:_
47、 （正确答案：It was for him）解析：解析 本题考查强调句型 Its that/who 的用法，“正是为了他”译作 It was for him，时态可根据需要进行调整。4. 1(与乡村宁静而平和的生活相比), life in the cities is blatant and noisy.（分数：4.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：Compared with rural life which is quiet and peaceful）解析：解析 本题考查英文中比较句式的表达。“A 与 B 相比”可用 compare A with B 的结构，题干中给出的英文部分已是完整的句子，故翻译时可采用过去分词短语的结构 Compared with rural life which is quiet and peaceful 或 Compared with the quiet and peaceful rural life。5.She received the invitation they had sent her, 1(但没有接受邀请).（分数：4.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：but she didnt accept it）解析：解析 本题考查 receive 和 accept 的区别，表示“收到某物”用 receive，而“接受”则用accept。
