1、大学英语四级综合-简答(三)及答案解析(总分：40.00，做题时间：90 分钟)As researchers learn more about how childrens intelligence develops, they are increasingly surprised by the power of parents. The power of the school has been replaced by the home. To begin with, all the factors which are part of intelligence- the childs under
2、standing of language, learning patterns, curiosity-are established well before the child enters school at the age of six. Study after study has shown that even after school begins, childrens achievements have been far more influenced by parents than by teachers. This is particularly true about learn
3、ing that is language-related. The school rather than the home is given credit for variations in achievement in subjects such as science.In view of their power, its sad to see so many parents not making the most of their childs intelligence. Until recently parents had been wamed by educators who aske
4、d them not to educate their children. Many teachers now realize that children cannot be educated only at school and parents are being asked to contribute both before and after the child enters school.Parents have been particularly aftaid to teach reading at home. Of course, children shouldnt be push
5、ed to read by their parents, but educators have discovered that reading is best taught individually-and the easiest place to do this is at home. Many four-and five-year-olds who have been shown a few letters and taught their sounds will compose single words of their own with them even before they ha
6、ve been taught to read.（分数：10.00）(1).What have researchers found out about.the influence of parents and the school on childrens intelligence?（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(2).Researchers conclude that childrens learning patterns_.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(3).According to the passage, school may play a more important role
7、in_.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(4).Many parents failed to make the most of their childrens intelligence because_.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(5).In the last paragraph, the author suggests that the parents should_.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_Englands highest main-line railway station hangs on to life by a threat; deserted and unmanned
8、 since it was officially closed in 1970, Dent, situated high in the hills of Yorkshire, wakes up on six summer weekends each year, when a special charter train unloads walkers, sightseers and people who simply want to catch a train from the station, onto its platform.But even this limited existence
9、may soon be brought to an end. Dent station is situated on the Settle to Carlisle railway line said to be scenic in the country. But no amount of scenic beauty can line from British Rails cash problems. This year, for the sake of economy, the express trains which used to pass through Dent station ha
10、ve been put on to another route.It is now an open secret that British Rail sees no future for this railway line. Most of its trains disappeared some time ago. Its bridge, built on a grand scale a century ago, is falling down. It is not alone. Zen railway routes in the north of England are facing a s
11、imilar problem which is a wom out system and an almost total lack of repair. Bridges and tunnels are showing their age, the wooden for the tracks are rotting and engines and coaches are getting old.On major lines between large cities, the problem is not too bad. These lines still make a profit and c
12、ash can be found to maintain them. But on the country branch line, the story is different. As track wears out, it is not replaced. Instead speed limits are introduced making trip longer than necessary and discouraging customers.If a bridge is dangerous, there is often only one thing for British Rail
13、 to do: go out and fred money from another source. This is exactly what it did a few months ago when a bridge at Bridlington station was threatening to fall down. Repairs were estimated at $200,000 just for one bridge-and British Rail was delighted, and rather surprised, when two local councils offe
14、red half that amount between them.（分数：10.00）(1).Since 1970 Dent station is only used_.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(2).According to the passage, _railway line passes through Dent.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(3).Which line has the similar problem with the line through Dent?（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(4).According to the passage, the mo
15、st urgent problem for many country railway lines is_.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(5).Who would be most affected by the difficulties facing British Rail?（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_Not too many decades ago it seemed “obvious“ both to the general public and to sociologists that modem society has changed peoples natural relat
16、ions, loosened their responsibilities to kin and neighbors, and substituted in their place superficial relationships with passing acquaintances. However, in recent years a growing body of research has revealed that the “obvious“ is not true. It seems that if you are a city resident, you typically kn
17、ow a smaller proportion of your neighbors than you do if you are a resident of a smaller community. But, for the most part, this fact has few significant consequences. It does not necessarily follow that if you know few of your neighbors you will know no one else.Even in very large cities, people ma
18、intain close social ties within small, private social worlds. Indeed, the number and quality of meaningful relationships do not differ between more and less urban people. Small-town residents are more involved with kin than are big-city residents. Yet city dwellers compensate by developing friendshi
19、ps with people who share similar interests and activities. Urbanism may produce a different style of life, but the quality of life does not differ between town and city. Nor are residents of large communities any likelier to display psychological symptoms of stress or alienation, a feeling of not be
20、longing, than are residents of smaller communities. However, city dwellers do worry more about crime, and this leads them to a distrust of strangers.These findings do not imply that urbanism makes little or no difference. If neighbors are strangers to one another, they are less likely to sweep the s
21、idewalk of an elderly couple living next door or keep an eye out for young trouble makers. Moreover, as Wirth suggested, there may be a link between a communitys population size and its social heterogeneity. For instance, sociologists have found much evidence that the size of a community is associat
22、ed with bad behavior including gambling, drags, etc. Large-city urbanites are also more likely than their small-town counterparts to have a cosmopolitan outlook, to display less responsibility to traditional kinship roles, to vote for leftist political candidates, and to be tolerant of nontraditiona
23、l religious groups, unpopular political groups, and so-called undesirables. Everything considered, heterogeneity and unusual behavior seem to be outcomes of large population size.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the passage, what was once a common belief about urban residents?（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(2).What is t
24、he difference between the quality of life in town and city?（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(3).Compared with residents of town, city dwellers worry more about_.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(4).What do large-city dwellers probably do toward nontraditional religious groups?（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(5).The reason for heterogeneity and unus
25、ual behavior is_.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_Sport is one of the worlds largest industries, and most athletes are professionals who are paid for their efforts. Because an athlete succeeds by achievement only-not by economic background or family connections-sports can be a fast route to wealth, and many athletes
26、 play only for money than for love.This has not always been tree. In the ancient Olympics the winner got only a wreath of olive leaves. Even though the winners became national heroes, the games remained amateur for centuries. Athletes won fame, but no money. As time passed, however, the contests bec
27、ame increasingly less amateur and cities began to hire athletes to represent them. By the fourth century A.D., the Olympics were mined, and they were soon ended.In 1896, the Olympic games were revived with the same goal of pure amateur competition. The roles bar athletes who have ever received a $50
28、 prize or an athletic scholar or who have spent four weeks in a training camp. At least one competitor in the 1896 games met these qualifications. He was Spiridon Loues, a water carrier who won the marathon race. After the race, a rich Athenian offered him anything he wantedA true amateur，Loues acce
29、pted only a cart and a horseThen he gave up running foreverBut Loues was an exception and now，as the ChaiJxnan of the German Olympic Committee said，“Nobody pays any attention to these rules”Many countries pay their athletes to train yearround，and Olympic athletes are eager to sell their names to com
30、panies that make everything from ski equipment to fast foodEven the games themselves have become a huge businessCounlries fight to hold the Olympics not only for honor，but for moneyThe 1972 games in Munich cost the Germans 545 million dollars，but by selling medal symbols，TV rights，food， drink，hotel
31、rooms，and souvenirs，they managed to make a profitAppropriately，the symbol of victory in the Olympic Games is no longer a simple olive wreathit is a gold medal（分数：10.00）(1).According to the passage，many athletes of today go after_.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(2).What reward could an ancient Greek athlete expect?
32、（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(3).What is the goal the Olympic Games were revived with?（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(4).After he accepted the Athenians gift，Spiridon Loues_（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(5).Why do countries fight to hold the Olympics?（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_大学英语四级综合-简答(三)答案解析(总分：40.00，做题时间：90 分钟)As researchers learn more about how
33、childrens intelligence develops, they are increasingly surprised by the power of parents. The power of the school has been replaced by the home. To begin with, all the factors which are part of intelligence- the childs understanding of language, learning patterns, curiosity-are established well befo
34、re the child enters school at the age of six. Study after study has shown that even after school begins, childrens achievements have been far more influenced by parents than by teachers. This is particularly true about learning that is language-related. The school rather than the home is given credi
35、t for variations in achievement in subjects such as science.In view of their power, its sad to see so many parents not making the most of their childs intelligence. Until recently parents had been wamed by educators who asked them not to educate their children. Many teachers now realize that childre
36、n cannot be educated only at school and parents are being asked to contribute both before and after the child enters school.Parents have been particularly aftaid to teach reading at home. Of course, children shouldnt be pushed to read by their parents, but educators have discovered that reading is b
37、est taught individually-and the easiest place to do this is at home. Many four-and five-year-olds who have been shown a few letters and taught their sounds will compose single words of their own with them even before they have been taught to read.（分数：10.00）(1).What have researchers found out about.t
38、he influence of parents and the school on childrens intelligence?（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：The parents have much more power than school）解析：解析 推断题。根据文章第一段，研究者发现，儿童的智力在上学之前就已经形成了，即使是上学后，父母对其成绩的影响也远远大于教师。因此可以得出结论：父母对儿童智力的影响力大大超过学校。(2).Researchers conclude that childrens learning patterns_.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_
39、 （正确答案：are established well before the child enters school）解析：解析 细节题。第一段提到 all the factors which are part of intelligenceare established well before the child enters school at the age of six，中间的插入语 learning patterns属于智力的构成部分，它和其他部分一样，早在儿童六岁入学前就已经形成了。(3).According to the passage, school may play a mo
40、re important role in_.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：subject such as science）解析：解析 细节题。根据第一段最后一句话可知，学校在诸如科学这样的领域比家庭更有影响力。(4).Many parents failed to make the most of their childrens intelligence because_.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：they had been warned not to educate their children）解析：解析 细节题。根据第二段前两句话可知，直到最近教育者还警
41、告家长不要教育孩子。(5).In the last paragraph, the author suggests that the parents should_.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：teach children to read）解析：解析 推断题。根据最后一段 reading is best taught individually-and the easiest place to do this is at home可知，阅读最好在家里进行。由此可以推断作者建议家长在家里教孩子阅读。Englands highest main-line railway station
42、 hangs on to life by a threat; deserted and unmanned since it was officially closed in 1970, Dent, situated high in the hills of Yorkshire, wakes up on six summer weekends each year, when a special charter train unloads walkers, sightseers and people who simply want to catch a train from the station
43、, onto its platform.But even this limited existence may soon be brought to an end. Dent station is situated on the Settle to Carlisle railway line said to be scenic in the country. But no amount of scenic beauty can line from British Rails cash problems. This year, for the sake of economy, the expre
44、ss trains which used to pass through Dent station have been put on to another route.It is now an open secret that British Rail sees no future for this railway line. Most of its trains disappeared some time ago. Its bridge, built on a grand scale a century ago, is falling down. It is not alone. Zen r
45、ailway routes in the north of England are facing a similar problem which is a wom out system and an almost total lack of repair. Bridges and tunnels are showing their age, the wooden for the tracks are rotting and engines and coaches are getting old.On major lines between large cities, the problem i
46、s not too bad. These lines still make a profit and cash can be found to maintain them. But on the country branch line, the story is different. As track wears out, it is not replaced. Instead speed limits are introduced making trip longer than necessary and discouraging customers.If a bridge is dange
47、rous, there is often only one thing for British Rail to do: go out and fred money from another source. This is exactly what it did a few months ago when a bridge at Bridlington station was threatening to fall down. Repairs were estimated at $200,000 just for one bridge-and British Rail was delighted
48、, and rather surprised, when two local councils offered half that amount between them.（分数：10.00）(1).Since 1970 Dent station is only used_.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：on six summer weekends each year）解析：解析 细节题。根据第一段可知，1970 年 Dent站正式关闭以后，除了每年夏季有六个周末会开放，其他时间都是荒废的。(2).According to the passage, _railway line passes through Dent.
