1、大学英语四级阅读-16 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Section A(总题数：2，分数：20.00)Children model themselves largely on their parents. They do so (1) through identification. Children identify with a parent when they believe they have the qualities and feelings that are (2) of that
2、parent. The things parents do and sayand the way they do and say to them (3) strongly influence a childs behavior. However, parents must consistently (4) like the type of person they want their children to become.A parents actions also affect the self-image that a child forms through identification.
3、 Children who see mainly positive qualities in their parents will likely learn to see themselves in a positive way. Children who (5) chiefly negative qualities in their parents will have difficulty seeing positive qualities in themselves. Children may modify their self-image, however, as they become
4、 increasingly influenced by peer groups (6) before they reach 13.Isolated events, even dramatic ones, do not necessarily have a (7) effect on a childs behavior. Children interpret such events according to their (8) attitudes and previous training. Children who know they are loved can, for example, a
5、ccept the divorce of their parents or a parents early (9) . But if children feel unloved, they may interpret such events as a sign of (10) or punishment.A. behave B. established C. standards D. declineE. characteristics F. acceptance G. rejection H. observeI. therefore J. definite K. departure L. pe
6、rmanentM. engagement N. mainly O. meanwhile（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_Most people think of sharks as huge, powerful, frightening predators, ready at any moment to use their sharp teeth to attack swimmers. There are a lot of wrong ideas about shark
7、s.First, there are about 350 (1) of shark, and not all of them are large. They range in (2) from the dwarf shark, which can be only six inches long and can be held in the hand, to the whale shark, which can be more than 5 feet long.The second (3) of shark concerns its terrible teeth whose number and
8、 type can vary greatly among the different species of shark. A shark can have from one to seven (4) of teeth at the same time, and some types of shark can have several hundred teeth in each jaw. It is true that the cruel and predatory species do have (5) sharp teeth used to (6) and cut their victim
9、apart, many other types of shark, however, have teeth more (7) to holding than to cutting.Finally, not all sharks are predatory animals ready to (8) out at humans. In fact, only 12 of the 350 species of shark have been known to attack humans, and a shark seldom (9) humans unless is made angry. The t
10、ypes of shark that have the worst record with humans are the tiger shark, the bull shark, and the great white shark. However, for most species of shark, even some of the largest types, there are no (10) instances of attacks on humans.A. attacks B. negotiate C. size D. declarationE. remote F. known G
11、. misunderstanding H. notifyingI. extremely J. species K. sets L. henceM. tear N. strike O. suitable（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_三、Section B(总题数：2，分数：40.00)AstrologyA. Astrology is the study of how the sun, the moon, planets, and stars are supposedl
12、y related to life and events on the earth. It is based on the belief that the heavenly bodies form patterns that can reveal a persons character or future. Many people throughout the world believe in astrology. These people base important decisions on the advice of an astrologer (a person who tells f
13、ortunes by studying the stars). Other people declare there is no scientific basis for astrology, and they consider it a form of entertainment.B. Astrology differs from astronomy. Astrology developed from a set of principles that originated more than 2,000 years ago. At that time, astronomy was also
14、based on those same principles. But during the 1500s and 1600s, several astronomers, including Nicolaus Copernicus of Poland and Tycho Brahe of Denmark, made discoveries about the heavenly bodies that conflicted with the principles of astrology. As a result, astrology and astronomy became widely dif
15、ferent in their methods and purposes. Today, astrologers observe the heavenly bodies to understand things that happen on the earth. Astronomers seek scientific knowledge about the various objects in space.C. The basic principle of astrology is that the heavenly bodies influence what happens on the e
16、arth. Astrologers learn about this influence by casting (drawing) a circular chart called a horoscope or birth chart. A horoscope shows the position of the planets in relation to both the earth and the stars at a certain time. In most cases, it shows the position of these bodies at the time of a per
17、sons birth. The system used by astrologers to cast a horoscope is based on a special view of the universe. This view involves four elements: the earth, the planets, the zodiac (黄道), and the houses.D. In casting a horoscope, astrologers place the earth at the center of the solar system. Therefore, al
18、l heavenly bodies revolve around the earth rather than around the sun. Astrologers use this arrangement to determine the positions of the heavenly bodies in relation to the earth. They believe that the study of the positions of the heavenly bodies can reveal a persons character and future. In astrol
19、ogy, the moon and the sun are considered planets, along with Jupiter, Mars, Neptune, Pluto, Saturn, Uranus, and Venus. Each planet supposedly represents a force that affects people in a certain way. Astrologers believe the planets influence a person more than any other heavenly bodies do.E. The zodi
20、ac is a band of stars that appear to encircle the earth. It is divided into 12 equal parts, called signs. Each sign of the zodiac has certain characteristics, which are determined by a particular planet and other factors. Astrologers believe the signs determine how the planets affect a persons chara
21、cter. The houses. Like the zodiac, the earths surface is divided into 12 parts. Each of these parts, called houses, represents certain characteristics of an individuals life. Astrologers believe the houses determine how the planets and the signs influence a persons daily life.F. Astrology began some
22、time before 2000 B.C. in Babylonia (now southeastern Iraq). Astrologers of that time knew of five planetsJupiter, Mars, Mercury, Saturn and Venus. They believed that the sun, the moon, and planets sent out different forces, which had certain characteristics. For example, one of the planetsnow known
23、as Marsappeared to be red. Astrologers linked it with anger, aggression and war.G. The zodiac was probably developed in ancient Egypt, and the Babylonians adopted it sometime after 1000 B.C. Astrologers gradually developed a system that linked seasonal changes with specific group of stars called con
24、stellations (星座). At that time, for example, heavy rainfall occurred in Babylonia when the sun was in a certain constellation. AS a result, astrologers named the constellation Aquarius, the water bearer.H. At first, astrologers studied the heavenly bodies in making general predictions about the futu
25、re. But between 600 B.C. and 200 B.C., they developed the system of casting individual horoscopes (以占星术算命). The ancient Greeks and Romans practiced astrology and greatly influenced its development. The Roman names for the planets and the signs of the zodiac are still used today.I. Interest in astrol
26、ogy declined in Europe with the coming of Christianity as people sought guidance from religious leaders rather than from astrologers. Astrology regained popularity during the A.D. 1100s. By the 1600s, it was particularly strong in England. Several astrological (历书) were published, and many other boo
27、ks either defended or attacked astrology. The number of followers of astrology fell in England during the 1700s, but the subjects popularity returned again in the early 1800s. By the late 1800s and early 1900s, interest in astrology had spread to many other nations. Newspapers in England began publi
28、shing horoscope columns during the 1930s. Such columns soon appeared in newspapers throughout the world, and people became increasingly interested in astrology. Today, astrology is followed more widely than ever before.J. Many people believe astrology is simply a superstition, and scientists declare
29、 that its whole basis is unscientific. Scientists point out that the earths position has changed in space since ancient times. As a result, the signs of the zodiac used by astrologers no longer match the constellations for which they were named. Some people who believe in astrology support it in ter
30、ms of magnetic fields, solar storms and other natural occurrences. Others, though they also believe in astrology, claim that it cannot be supported scientifically. They consider it a set of powerful symbols that can provide a deep understanding of human beings. They defend astrology by pointing out
31、that, in many cases, it works.（分数：20.00）(1).Astrologers hold the belief that the planets exert more influence on a person than other heavenly bodies do.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(2).Publishing horoscope columns in newspapers helped to make astrology spread across the world widely.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(3).Whenever
32、the sun was in the constellation Aquarius, it rained heavily in Babylonia.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(4).The discoveries of heavenly bodies that were against the principles of astrology led to great differences between astrology and astronomy in their methods and purposes.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(5).Astrology is based
33、 on the conviction that the patterns the heavenly bodies form can tell a persons character or future.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(6).Some people still believe in astrology, though they know it is unscientific, by claiming that it works in many cases.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(7).During the 1700s in England, astrology gai
34、ned less popularity than before.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(8).In astrology, the earth is regarded as the center of the solar system.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(9).Since Mars appeared to be red, astrologers believed that it represented anger, aggression and War.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(10).Its believed by the astrologers that th
35、e houses determine how the planets and the signs influence a persons daily life.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_Secrets of Grade-A ParentsA. When Carey Graham started Grade One, he got a very special teacher. “She recognized my passion for learning,“ says the now 20-year-old. “Every morning wed sit down with workbo
36、oks and do writing and math exercises. And any time during the day, she could always be counted on to read to me. She always encouraged me to learn all I could about everything.“ This extraordinary teacher was his morn, Jeanne Lambert, who homeschooled Graham until high school. Hes now in his second
37、 year in the University of Torontos Peace and Conflict Studies program, having received a provincial “Aiming for the Top“ scholarship. Graham is considering a law degree or a masters in political science down the road. He attributes his academic success to the foundation laid by his parents.B. “You
38、cant be a parent without being a teacher,“ says Bruce Arai, a professor in the Department of Sociology and Anthropology at Wilfrid Laurier University in Waterloo, Ontario. “Perhaps the most important teaching in a childs life is done by his parents, not by some professional with certificates,“ he sa
39、ys. Homeschooling isnt about sitting your kids down in the kitchen and teaching them in the formal sense, says Arai, but about “making sure the resources and opportunities for learning are available to them.“ And that, any parent can do. Here, then, are some methods that parents who would never cons
40、ider homeschooling can pick up from those who do.Lesson 1 Think Outside the ClassroomC. When homeschooler Kerri Paquette, a mother of six, was building a house in Lansdowne, she saw it as a learning opportunity. “They learned math as we measured, about soil as we dug the foundation, about water whil
41、e we did the plumbing, and about electricity when we did the electrical work. My children make the subjects come alive as much I do,“ says Paquette. Her kids, aged three to 13, continue to view the world as their classroom. They study food and plant growth through their organic garden. They learn ab
42、out cows by talking to the neighboring farmers. And they learn math, measuring and science while helping Paquette cook. “The other day my nine-year-old, Maddison, started learning a new educational computer program. The section on fractions was all new, but she knew it from when we bake.“ Every acti
43、vity, says Paquette, can include a lesson.Lesson 2 Eliminate Learning LimitsD. A teacher with a class of 25 students cant continue a unit on, say, the body just because one child is still keenbut you can. “We dont have a time frame that restricts our investigations, and we dont have a daily schedule
44、,“ says Linda Clement, who homeschools her two daughters in Victoria. When her 14wear-old showed an interest in the human body, the curious student read dozens of relevant books and surfed web sites. Janets curiosity took her in all sorts of directions: a dictionary of poisons and antidotes, an ency
45、clopedia of medicine, books about human personality and much more.E. The benefit to your child goes beyond a thorough knowledge of a subject. Studying deeply a topic builds independent research skills and a love of learning. “If my children are interested in a subject,“ says Clement, “we can go as f
46、ar into the subject, answering as many questions as they have, for as long as is necessary. This freedom encourages their investigations.“Lesson 3 Teach Your Kids Their WayF. Some children are visual learners (they absorb best when they see something), some are auditory (they need to hear it), some
47、are kinesthetic (they need hands-on experience) and some are a combination. Uncovering how your child learns best will increase your effectiveness in helping him or her with schoolwork. Unsure of your childs learning style? Ask his teacher.G. The way Melissa Cowls six children, aged three to 15, pic
48、k up on math highlights the great differences in learning styles. “Our ten-year-old, Matthew, needs everything in black and white: Tell him what to do and how to do it, and its done,“ says the mother. “He had a math text that was too colorful, with a layout that was difficult to follow. I switched to a text that was more step-by-step, more
