1、大学英语四级阅读-19 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Section A(总题数：2，分数：20.00)The French division of McDonalds has run advertisements that included a surprising (1) : Kids shouldnt eat at McDonalds more than once a week.The advertisements, (2) information from specialists, aim
2、 to show that “McDonalds meals are part of a balanced weekly diet,“ said Euro RSCG, the agency that came up with the ads, which appeared this spring, mostly in French womens magazines.Alongside quotes from specialists addressing (3) and diets for children, the ads described how McDonalds hamburgers
3、are made of i00 percent real beef and cooked on a grill free of (4) oil.One ad placed in Femme Actuelle in April quoted a nutritionist who said, “theres no reason to (5) fast food, or visit McDonalds more than once a week.“The McDonalds Corp., based in Oak Brook, Ill., said in a statement Wednesday
4、that it “strongly (6) “ with the nutritionist quoted in the French advertisement.“The vast majority of nutrition professionals say that McDonalds food can be and is a part of a healthy diet based on the sound nutrition (7) of balance, variety and moderation (适度),“ the statement said.Since opening it
5、s first French branch in 1968, McDonalds has expanded (8) in France. More recently the multinational has come under fire from anti-globalization (9) , farmers groups, and in Paris, striking workers.Last year, sheep farmer-turned-activist Jose Bove became a standard-bearer for the French anti-globali
6、zation (10) when he led a group that ransacked (洗劫) a McDonalds in southern France.A. quoting B. continuously C. overweight D. suggestionE. abuse F. protestors G. occasionally H. additionalI. tame J. movement K. disagreed L. healedM. principles N. conference O. prosperous（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项
7、1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_Unless measures are taken at once, there is a possibility that all the oceans of the world will be dead by the next century. How can this possibly happen?We have already seen that people (1) all kinds of waste products to be thrown into the sea. It
8、 is almost (2) to measure how much industrial waste ends up in our oceans, but we can (3) how much oil is poured into them according to the law and against the law. It is against the law to pour oil into the sea (4) to the shore, but when a ship is many miles out to the sea there are no such (5) . E
9、stimate of the amount of oil poured in European Waters (6) is about 200,000 tons every year. Some people say the (7) could be ten times as high around the world.It is not only our (8) that suffer from oil pollution. Among other things, many fish now contain very high amounts of (9) substances. Next
10、time you have fish to eat, how can you be sure that they are free from oil pollution? You cannot see the (10) and you cannot taste them, either. It is really quite a problem.Nearly all of the countries are trying hard to prevent and control oil pollution. We hope that the day will soon come when fis
11、h will be free from oil pollution.A. limitations B. seashores C. allow D. invadeE. close F. poisonous G. afterwards H. agendaI. edit J. figure K. impossible L. aloneM. effects N. calculate O. extensive（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_三、Section B(总题数：2，分
12、数：40.00)The History of RhinestonesA. Rhinestones have a glittering past. Originally rhinestones were referred to Czechoslovakian or Bohemian glass dating as far back as the 13th century in Bohemia and the Czech Republic. Both places have a history steeped in beautiful hand blown glass as well as mol
13、ded and cut glass. By 1918 glass was no longer limited to functional items. Czechoslovakian glass began to make its appearance in dazzling and brilliant jewelry. This Czech glass became known as rhinestones. Rhinestones were manmade gems from highly refined glass. By using various metals the glass w
14、as colored to the desired shade. It was then pressed into molds. Each stone was then ground and polished by machine, resulting in a brilliant glass stone. Often the stones were foiled on the back which increased their brilliance.B. Today, the same refining process is still used. You will often hear
15、rhinestones referred to as paste. Originally paste was referred to a glass stone that was made of ground glass which was molded and then melted, producing an opaque dense glass frosted stone. Paste had many air bubbles and swirl marks. The high lead content glass was then polished and faceted, and s
16、et on either copper or silver resulting in a brilliant stone. Today the term “paste“ usually refers to rhinestones. In Europe rhinestones are often referred to as paste, strass, and diamante.C. Austria is another area with a history in rhinestone production. In 1891 Daniel Swarovski created a new gl
17、ass cutting machine which quite literally revolutionized the jewelry business. This machine could cut faceted glass, producing finely finished product in a very short time. Prior to this invention it would take a very long time for each stone to be cut by hand and finished. Swarovskis background in
18、glass making, combined with his glass cutting machine soon found him producing rhinestones with a lead content of over 30%. The brilliance of these rhinestones was superior to anything seen on the market. Swarovski wasnt content with his invention and the best rhinestones ever seen. His next inventi
19、on was once again transforming to the jewelry industry. He created a vacuum plating for the backs of the stones with silver and gold, reducing the need for hand labor. Still today Swarovski rhinestones are recognized as the highest quality in the industry. Over 80% of rhinestone jewelry manufactured
20、 in America use Swarovski rhinestones.D. Rhinestones have played an important role in costume jewelry for hundreds of years. It is used to enhance and decorate the costumes, and sometimes rhinestones will provide the entire design. During the Victorian period common design patterns for jewelry inclu
21、ded snakes, flowers, and hands most often adorned with rhinestones. The 1890s were a time for extravagant jewelry heavily adorned with rhinestones. As time moved forward designs became simpler with figural shapes once again malting their fashion statement. However this time they were small and more
22、elegant with small rhinestone decorations.E. During the Edwardian period extravagance had made a comeback with diamonds and pearls being the focal point. Once again rhinestones were in heavy use, often used to imitate the real thing. During the 1920s fashions were rapidly changing. Dresses had gone
23、from tight, fitted to a looser, more comfortable style. Two distinct styles occurred during this erathe feminine style and the androgynous style (having both female and male characteristics). Jewelry from the 1920s drew on the art decoration period. The majority of rhinestone jewelry was made with c
24、lear rhinestones.F. As the 1920s moved jewelry once again became bolder. Dramatic color was in style. Designer Coco Chanel was an integral figure in setting the stage for jewelry of this era. During the 1930s, during the Depression, labor-intensive fashion was no longer feasible. While the world was
25、 in chaos, jewelry represented an affordable comfort to many women. Inexpensive costume jewelry could be used to revitalize an old outfit. The industry began to produce bright colored enamel pieces decorated with rhinestones. Dogs, birds, or cats with a rhinestone eye were common place.G. The jewelr
26、y during the 1940s once again became big and bold with rhinestones being produced in every imaginable color, large stones set on large bold settings was the norm. By the 1950s there were two very distinct lookselegant and sophisticated for the more mature woman, and casual and fun for the younger wo
27、man. The 1950s saw jewelry made completely from rhinestones. For the younger woman were flirty pieces, for the older woman sophisticated elegance. Whole sets of rhinestone jewelry became extremely popular. In 1953 the aurora borealis rhinestone was introduced to the market with its fabulous array of
28、 color. It was an instant hit!H. By 1960s women were wearing very functional clothing. By the late 1960s the hippie fashions were extremely popular with their roots tied to Mother Nature. Tie dyed shirts, long flowing skirts, frayed jeans were everywhere. This generation had no interest in rhineston
29、e jewelry. By the mid 1970s the punk look had been born and the rhinestone was revitalized. It was the disco movement brought the rhinestone back to center stage. The disco movement turned into the club movement during the 1980s and rhinestone jewelry continued to gain popularity.I. Since the 1970s
30、rhinestones have remained main stream in the jewelry world. They continue to gain popularity and today there is a style to suit almost every ones needs. There is rhinestone jewelry which is perfect for a bride, rhinestone jewelry for a prom girl, rhinestone jewelry for the young and fun crowd, the b
31、usiness woman, the sophisticated woman, and the mature woman. Beautiful pieces of rhinestone jewelry adorn almost every womans accessories. If trends are an indication of the rhinestones future, it appears to have a brilliant healthy life ahead of it. Pleasing for most women with a fashion sense who
32、 instantly recognize the value and beauty of rhinestones!（分数：20.00）(1).Dogs, birds, or cats with a rhinestone eye were in fashion during the Depression.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(2).The feminine style and the androgynous style became popular during 1920s.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(3).Czech glass became known as rhinest
33、ones when it was used for manmade jewelry.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(4).Rhinestone jewelry seems to have a promising prospect if trends indicate its future.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(5).As tie dyed shirts and frayed jeans were extremely popular, rhinestone jewelry couldnt appeal to the hippie generation.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:
34、_(6).Paste was used to be referred to a glass stone that was made of ground glass.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(7).Daniel Swarovski was soon able to produce rhinestones which contain more than 30 percent of lead.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(8).Snake-shaped rhinestones were a common design pattern during the Victorian period
35、.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(9).The Austria-branded Swarovski rhinestones are considered as the highest quality in the industry now.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(10).Whole sets of rhinestone jewelry were very poplar during the 1950s.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_How Advertisement Is Done?A. When we choose a word we do more than give inf
36、ormation; we also express our feelings about whatever were describing. Words point to facts but often link these to attitudes at the same time; they can also affect the beliefs and attitudes of other people. These two remarks are much the sameor are they? Whats the speakers feeling towards the same
37、dog in each case? And how would the different descriptions affect the listeners? Here comes that pet. Here comes that dog. The fact that words can work like this is important and valuable, for it adds a richness to our communication with one another. Advertisers make use of it in a number of ways.B.
38、 The manufacturer needs a name that will do more than just label: he wants a name that brings suitable associations as wellthe ideas that the word brings to the mind will help sell the product. If all were available at the same price, which coat or suit would you choose from this range of shadesDark
39、 Tan, Brown, Mud Brown? Which of these shades of eye-showBlack Diamond, Black, Coaldust?C. Because words have these associations, the advertiser is very careful about the way he describes his product and what it will do. Almost every advertisement has certain key words (sometimes, but not always, in
40、 bold or large letters, or beginning with a capital letter) that are intended to be persuasive, while at the same time appearing to be informative. Its difficult enough simply to describe what a thing is and how in words, especially in a few words, but the writers who write for the advertisements al
41、so try to include feelings, associations and attitudes. Some words seem to have been so successful in selling that the advertisers use them almost as if they were magic key to a certain sale. How often, for instance, have you come across the word “golden“ in advertisements?D. One thing reminds us of
42、 anotherespecially if we often see them together. These reminders (called “associations“) are sometimes more imaginary than real: for many people a robin suggests Christmas, for others silver candlesticks suggest wealth. The tricks of the advertising business we have so far described are all example
43、s of the advertiser encouraging us to associate products with those things he thinks we really wanta good job, nice clothes, a sport car, a beautiful girlfriendperhaps most of all a feeling of importance. The “image“ of a product is based on these associations, and the advertiser often creates a “go
44、od image“ by showing us someone who uses his product and who leads the kind of life we should like to lead. We buy not just the product but the sense of importance that goes with it We drink Coca-Cola not just for the taste, but because we would like to be thought of as being as gay as the energetic
45、 people who drink it in the ads.E. In this age of moon flights, heart transplants and wonder drugs, we are all impressed by science. If an advertiser links his claim with a scientific fact, there is even a chance we can be blinded by science. The question is simply whether the impressive air of the
46、new discovery or the “manmade miracle“ is being used to help or just to deceive us. Another method of persuasion is to call up guilty feelings, for example to imply that any mother who really loves her children uses a certain product. If Mrs. Gray does not use it, she might start to think of herself
47、 as a bad mother who does not love her family. So she might go and buy that particular product, rather than go on feeling guilty.F. Some products are advertised as having a remarkable and immediate effect. We are shown the situation before using the product and this is contrasted with the situation
48、that follows its use. Have you noticed anything about these advertisements? Taking a tablet for a headache in such advertisements can have truly remarkable results. For not only has the headache gone, the person concerned has often had a new hair-do, required a new set of clothes and sometimes even moved into a more modern, better furnished house. What sp
