1、翻译三级笔译实务分类模拟题 5 及答案解析(总分：25.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、English Chinese Tran(总题数：5，分数：25.00)In the early days of the settlement of Australia, enterprising settlers unwisely introduced the European rabbit. This rabbit had no natural enemies in the Antipodes, so that it multiplied with that promiscuous abandon ch
2、aracteristic of rabbits. 1 It overran a whole continent. It caused deva station by burrowing and by devouring the herbage which might have maintained millions of sheep and cattle. Scientists discovered that this particular variety of rabbit (and apparently no other animal) was susceptible to a fatal
3、 virus disease, myxomatosis. By infecting animals and letting them loose in the burrows, local epidemics of this disease could be created. 2 Later it was found that there was a type of mosquito which acted as the carrier of this disease and passed it on to the rabbits. So while the rest of the world
4、 was trying to get rid of mosquitoes, Australia was encouraging this one. 3 It effectively spread the disease all over the continent and drastically reduced the rabbit population. It later became apparent that rabbits were developing a degree of resistance to this disease, so that the rabbit populat
5、ion was unlikely to be completely exterminated. There were hopes, however, that the problem of the rabbit would become manageable. 4 Ironically, Europe, which had bequeathed the rabbit as a pest to Australia, acquired this man-made disease as a pestilence. A French physician decided to get rid of th
6、e wild rabbits on his own estate and introduced myxomatosis. It did not, however, remain within the confines of his estate. 5 It spread through France, where wild rabbits are not generally regarded as a pest but as a sport and a useful food supply, and it spread to Britain where wild rabbits are reg
7、arded as a pest but where domesticated rabbits, equally susceptible to the disease, are the basis of a profitable fur industry. The question became one of whether Man could control the disease he had invented.（分数：5.00）_6 With its common interest in lawbreaking but its immense range of subject-matter
8、 and widely varying methods of treatment, the crime novel could make a legitimate claim to be regarded as a separate branch of literature, or at least, as a distinct, even though a slightly disreputable, offshoot of the traditional novel. The detective story is probably the most respectable (at any
9、rate in the narrow sense of the word) of the crime species. Its creation is often the relaxation of University dons, literary economist, scientists or even poets. 7 Fatalities may occur more frequently and mysteriously than might be expected in polite society, but the world in which they happen, the
10、 village, seaside resort, college or studio, is familiar to us, if not from our own experience, at least in the newspaper or the lives of friends. A story set in a more remote environment, African jungle or Australian bush, ancient China or gaslit London, appeals to our interest in geography or hist
11、ory, and most detective story writers are conscientious in providing a reasonably authentic background. 8 The elaborate, carefully-assembled plot, despised by the modern intellectual critics and creators of “significant“ novels, has found refuge in the murder mystery, with its sprinkling of clues, i
12、ts spicing with apparent impossibilities, all with appropriate solutions and explanations at the end. With the guilt of escapism from Real Life nagging gently, we secretly revel in the unmasking of evil by a rarely superhuman detective, who sees through and dispels the cloud of suspicion which has h
13、overed so unjustly over the innocent. Though its villain also receives his rightful deserts, the thriller presents a less comfortable and credible world. 9 The sequence of fist fights, revolver duels, car crashes and escapes from gasfilled cellars exhausts the reader far more than the hero, who suff
14、ering from at least two broken ribs, one black eye, uncountable bruises and a hangover, can still chase and overpower an armed villain with the physique of a wrestle. He moves dangerously through a world of ruthless gangs, brutality, a vicious lust for power and money and, in contrast to the detecti
15、ve tale, with a near-omniscient arch-criminal whose defeat seems almost accidental. 10 Perhaps we miss in the thriller the security of being safely led by our imperturbable investigator past a score of red herrings and blind avenues to a final gathering of suspects when an unchallengeable elucidatio
16、n of all that has bewildered us is given and justice and goodness prevail. All that we vainly hope for from life is granted vicariously.（分数：5.00）_In man“s early days, competition with other creatures must have been critical. But this phase of our development is now finished. Indeed, we lack practice
17、 and experience nowadays in dealing with primitive conditions. 11 I am sure that, without modern weapons, I would make a very poor show of disputing the ownership of a cave with a bear, and in this I do not think that I stand alone. The last creature to compete with man was the mosquito. But even th
18、e mosquito has been subdued by attention to drainage and by chemical sprays. 12 Competition between ourselves, person against person, community against community, still persists, however; and it is as fierce as it ever was. But the competition of man against man is not the simple process envisioned
19、in biology. 13 It is not a simple competition for a fixed amount of food determined by the physical environment, because the environment that determines our evolution is no longer essentially physical. Our environment is chiefly conditioned by the things we believe. Morocco and California are bits o
20、f the Earth in very similar latitudes, both on the west coasts of continents with similar climates, and probably with rather similar natural resources. 14 Yet their present development is wholly different, not so much because of different people even, but because of the different thoughts that exist
21、 in the minds of their inhabitants. This is the point I wish to emphasize. The most important factor in our environment is the state of our own minds. 15 It is well known that where the white man has invaded a primitive culture the most destructive effects have come not from physical weapons but fro
22、m ideas. Ideas are dangerous. The Holy Office knew this full well when it caused heretics to be burned in days gone by. Indeed, the concept of free speech only exists in our modem society because when you are inside a community you are conditioned by the conventions of the community to such a degree
23、 that it is very difficult to conceive of anything really destructive.（分数：5.00）_Although truth and justice may be the most powerful impulses to show moral courage, there are others. Compassion is one of these. Tentatively it can be suggested that this is the main influence upon those who urge the ab
24、olition of capital punishment. 16 It is recognition of compassion“s part that leads the upholders of capital punishment to accuse the abolitionists of sentimentality in being more sorry for the murderer than for his victim. This is nonsense but with it some organs of the popular Press played upon th
25、e emotions of their readers so successfully that many candidates for Parliament were afraid to support abolition for fear of losing votes and the result was the muddle-headed Homicide Act of 1957 which made murder with robbery a capital crime and allowed the poisoner to escape the gallows. That illo
26、gical qualification shows how flimsy is the argument that capital punishment is a deterrent to murder. 17 The poisoner always works on a calculated plan of action and therefore is able to consider whether or not his taking another“s life is worth the risk of his own; the violent thief is usually at
27、the mercy of an instant emotion. The only arguable plea for capital punishment is the right of society to retribution in this world with the prospect of life in another, but since what used to seem to the great majority of civilized humanity the assurance of anther life beyond the grave has come to
28、seem to more and more people less certain, a feeling for the value of human life has become deeper and more widespread. This may seem a paradoxical claim to make at a time when mankind is so much preoccupied with weapons of destruction. 18 Nevertheless, it is a claim that can be sustained and if com
29、passion animates those who urge the abolition of the death penalty it is not a sentimental compassion for the mental agony inflicted upon a condemned man but a dread of destroying the miracle of life. 19 When in the eighteenth century offences against the law that today would not earn a month in pri
30、son were punished with the death penalty, the severity of the penal code had no serious effect on the prevalence of crime. When it made no difference to the fate of a highwayman whether he had killed his victim or merely robbed him of a few pieces of silver, there were no more murders than there wer
31、e when men like Sir Francis Burdett succeeded in lightening the excessive severity of the penal laws. 20 In those days the sacredness of life on earth was not greatly regarded because a life in the world to come was taken for granted except by a comparatively small minority of philosophers.（分数：5.00）
32、_People all over the world today are beginning to hear and learn more and more about, the problem of pollution. 21 Pollution is caused either by the released by man of completely new and often artificial substances into the environment, or by releasing greatly increased amounts of a natural substanc
33、e, such as oil from tankers into the sea. 22 The whole industrial process which makes many of the goods and machines we need and use in our daily lives, is bound to create a number of waste products to upset the environment balance, or the ecological balance as it is also known. Many of these waste
34、products can be prevented or disposed of sensibly, but clearly while more and more new goods are produced and made complex, there will be new, dangerous wastes to be disposed of, for example, the waste products from nuclear power stations. Many people, therefore, see pollution as only part of a larg
35、er and more complex problem, that is, the whole process of industrial production and consumption of goods. 23 Others again see the problem mainly in connection with agriculture, where new methods are helping farmers grow more and more on their land to feed our ever-increasing populations. However, t
36、he land itself is gradually becoming worn out as it is being used, in some cases, too heavily, and artificial fertilizers cannot restore the balance. 24 Whatever its underlying reasons, there is no doubt that much of the pollution cause could be controlled if only companies, individuals and governme
37、nts would make more efforts. In the home there is an obvious need to control litter and waste. Food comes wrapped up three or four times in packages that all have to be disposed of; drinks are increasingly sold in bottles or tins which cannot be reused. This not only causes a litter problem, but als
38、o is a great waste of resources, in terms of glass, metals and paper. 25 Advertising has helped this process by persuading many of us not only to buy things we neither want nor need, but also throw away much of what we do buy. Pollution and waste combine to be problem everyone call help to solve by
39、cutting out unnecessary buying, excess consumption and careless disposal of the products we use in our daily lives.（分数：5.00）_翻译三级笔译实务分类模拟题 5 答案解析(总分：25.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、English Chinese Tran(总题数：5，分数：25.00)In the early days of the settlement of Australia, enterprising settlers unwisely introduced the
40、European rabbit. This rabbit had no natural enemies in the Antipodes, so that it multiplied with that promiscuous abandon characteristic of rabbits. 1 It overran a whole continent. It caused deva station by burrowing and by devouring the herbage which might have maintained millions of sheep and catt
41、le. Scientists discovered that this particular variety of rabbit (and apparently no other animal) was susceptible to a fatal virus disease, myxomatosis. By infecting animals and letting them loose in the burrows, local epidemics of this disease could be created. 2 Later it was found that there was a
42、 type of mosquito which acted as the carrier of this disease and passed it on to the rabbits. So while the rest of the world was trying to get rid of mosquitoes, Australia was encouraging this one. 3 It effectively spread the disease all over the continent and drastically reduced the rabbit population. It later became apparent that rabbits were developing a degree of resistance to this disease, so that the rabbit population was unlikely to be complete
