1、翻译三级笔译实务模拟 31 及答案解析(总分：11.50，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section English Ch(总题数：1，分数：5.00)If sustainable competitive advantage depends on work-force skills, American firms have a problem. Human-resource management is not traditionally seen as central to the competitive survival of the firm in the United States. 1
2、Skill acquisition is considered as an individual responsibility. Labor is simply another factor of production to be hiredrented at the lowest possible costmuch as one buys raw materials or equipment. 2 The lack of importance attached to human-resource management can be seen in the corporation hierar
3、chy. In an American firm the chief finanical officer is almost always second in command. The post of head of human-resource management is usually a specialized job, off at the edge of the corporate hierarchy. The executive who holds it is never consulted on major strategic decisions and has no chanc
4、es to move up to Chief Executive Officer (CEO). By way of contrast, in Japan the head of human-resource management is central-usually the second most important executive, after the CEO, in the firm hierarchy. While American firms often talk about the vast amounts spent on training their work forces,
5、 in fact they invest less in the skills of their employees than do the Japanese or German firms. The money they do invest is also more highly concentrated on professional and managerial employees. 3 And the limited investments that are made in training workers are also much more narrowly focused on
6、the specific skills necessary to do the next job rather than on the basic background skills that make it possible to absorb new technologies. As a result, problems emerge when new breakthrough technologies arrive. 4 If American workers, for example, take much longer to learn how to operate new flexi
7、ble manufacturing stations than workers in Germany (as they do), the effective cost of those stations is lower in Germany than it is in the United States. 5 More time is required before equipment is up and running at capacity, and the need for extensive retraining generates costs and creates bottlen
8、ecks that limit the speed with which new equipment can be employed. The result is a slower pace of technological change. And in the end the skills of the bottom half of the population affect the wages of the top half. If the bottom half can“t effectively staff the processes that have to be operated,
9、 the management and professional jobs that go with these processes will disappear.（分数：5.00）_二、Section Chinese-En(总题数：1，分数：6.50)1.1全球经济一体化和区域化、集团化加速发展，国际经济、贸易、科技竞争越来越激烈。在这种形势下，发展中国家在实现经济增长、提高人民生活水平的道路上面临严峻的挑战。 2消费，消费，再消费!我们的社会以消费者为中心而且到了危险的地步。为了使工业的车轮不停地运转，我们生产出无数的消费品，而且在此过程中使自然资源急速枯竭，但这仅仅是问题的一半。 3在美
10、国商界，网络犯罪(cybercrime)比其他形式的犯罪更令人担忧。2005 年，约 90%的美国公司发生过电脑安全事故，如病毒、网络盗窃等。 （分数：6.50）_翻译三级笔译实务模拟 31 答案解析(总分：11.50，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section English Ch(总题数：1，分数：5.00)If sustainable competitive advantage depends on work-force skills, American firms have a problem. Human-resource management is not traditionally
11、 seen as central to the competitive survival of the firm in the United States. 1 Skill acquisition is considered as an individual responsibility. Labor is simply another factor of production to be hiredrented at the lowest possible costmuch as one buys raw materials or equipment. 2 The lack of impor
12、tance attached to human-resource management can be seen in the corporation hierarchy. In an American firm the chief finanical officer is almost always second in command. The post of head of human-resource management is usually a specialized job, off at the edge of the corporate hierarchy. The execut
13、ive who holds it is never consulted on major strategic decisions and has no chances to move up to Chief Executive Officer (CEO). By way of contrast, in Japan the head of human-resource management is central-usually the second most important executive, after the CEO, in the firm hierarchy. While Amer
14、ican firms often talk about the vast amounts spent on training their work forces, in fact they invest less in the skills of their employees than do the Japanese or German firms. The money they do invest is also more highly concentrated on professional and managerial employees. 3 And the limited inve
15、stments that are made in training workers are also much more narrowly focused on the specific skills necessary to do the next job rather than on the basic background skills that make it possible to absorb new technologies. As a result, problems emerge when new breakthrough technologies arrive. 4 If
16、American workers, for example, take much longer to learn how to operate new flexible manufacturing stations than workers in Germany (as they do), the effective cost of those stations is lower in Germany than it is in the United States. 5 More time is required before equipment is up and running at ca
17、pacity, and the need for extensive retraining generates costs and creates bottlenecks that limit the speed with which new equipment can be employed. The result is a slower pace of technological change. And in the end the skills of the bottom half of the population affect the wages of the top half. I
18、f the bottom half can“t effectively staff the processes that have to be operated, the management and professional jobs that go with these processes will disappear.（分数：5.00）_正确答案：()解析：技能的获得被认为是个人的责任。劳动力不过是为了生产而雇用的另一个因素以尽可能低的成本租用就像是购买原材料或者设备。_正确答案：()解析：对人力资源管理缺乏重视这一点可以从公司等级制度中看出。在一家美国公司里，首席财务总监几乎总是位居第
19、二。_正确答案：()解析：而且在工人培训上的有限投资也更加局限于进行下一项工作必须的专门技能上，而不是在那些使对新技术的吸收变得可能的基本技能上。_正确答案：()解析：举例说，如果美国的工人比德国工人花费更多的时间学习如何操作新型灵活的生产设备(事实如此)，那么这些设备的有效成本在德国就会比在美国低。_正确答案：()解析：设备装配完毕并以最大的生产能力运行需要更长的时间，大范围的再度培训的需要会增加成本并且形成限制新设备投入使用的障碍。二、Section Chinese-En(总题数：1，分数：6.50)1.1全球经济一体化和区域化、集团化加速发展，国际经济、贸易、科技竞争越来越激烈。在这种形
20、势下，发展中国家在实现经济增长、提高人民生活水平的道路上面临严峻的挑战。 2消费，消费，再消费!我们的社会以消费者为中心而且到了危险的地步。为了使工业的车轮不停地运转，我们生产出无数的消费品，而且在此过程中使自然资源急速枯竭，但这仅仅是问题的一半。 3在美国商界，网络犯罪(cybercrime)比其他形式的犯罪更令人担忧。2005 年，约 90%的美国公司发生过电脑安全事故，如病毒、网络盗窃等。 （分数：6.50）_正确答案：()解析：1. In the situation of the accelerating development of economic globalization, i
21、ntegration and collectivization and more and more fierce competition in international economy, trade and technology, the developing countries are facing the severe challenge on the road of achieving economic growth and improving people“s living conditions. 2. Consume, consume, and consume again! Our
22、 society is becoming consumer-oriented, even into a serious situation. In the process in which we produced numerous consumables to keep the wheel of industry running, the natural resource was exhausted rapidlythis is just a half of the question. 3. In American Business circles, cybercrime is more worrying than other crimes. In 2005, about 90% of American companies have experienced computer security accidents such as virus and cybertheft.
