1、翻译二级口译实务-41 及答案解析(总分：35.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part (总题数：1，分数：10.00)1.HIV/AIDS is now recognized clearly as a growing threat to China. According to official Chinese estimates, China now has approximately 840,000 persons infected with HIV. As of the end of 2003, only 62,159 persons had been tested and offic
2、ially confirmed to be HIV-positive. The remaining HIV-positive persons in China, estimated at 780,000 persons or more, are not known to public health authorities, and the individuals themselves probably do not know their status, posing significant risks for the further spread of HIV. Senior Chinese
3、officials, as well as international experts operational in China, now assert that HIV is steadily moving from source population such as injecting drag users and commercial sex workers into the general population. However, China has made important advances in outlook, policy and resource commitments.
4、 New leaders have emerged in China with a stronger commitment to improving social welfare and to addressing HIV/AIDS in particular. China has initiated a more proactive response to the HIV/AIDS challenge, including a national treatment and care program. New policy guidelines promote “four frees and
5、one care“: free drug treatment for poor citizens, free testing and counseling for poor citizens, free treatment to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV, free schooling for AIDS orphans, and care for families affected by HIV/AIDS. Senior leaders have committed to implementing harm reduction st
6、rategies, including condom promotion, needle exchange, and methadone substitution therapy for drug addicts. Formidable challenges lie ahead. In spite of many positive developments, daunting challenges - political, technical, and normative - lie ahead for China to combat HIV/AIDS. It is difficult to
7、overstate the scale and challenges in terms of planning, costs, logistics, human resources, technical capacity, and the pervasive problems posed by stigma. Weak and incomplete national HIV testing and surveillance system, debilitated and dysfunctional public health system, particularly in rural area
8、s, serious lack of qualified personnel and the necessary equipment and technologies to properly diagnose, counsel, treat, monitor and care for HIV/ADS, just to name a few. US-based commentators have suggested that success in addressing HIV/AIDS in China will require continued high-level leadership,
9、both in China and internationally. For engaged US policymakers, as well as country leaders and heads of international organizations, priority should lie in near to medium-term steps which sustain Chinese leadership“s focus on HIV/AIDS and public health. China“s formidable structural and organization
10、al weaknesses must be addressed systematically. Failure to implement a more strategically coordinated plan risks the loss of international support over time. Prevention and awareness should receive higher priority in China“s strategic national Plan to combat HIV/AIDS. And human resources development
11、, through education and training of medical professionals, is crucial. （分数：10.00）_二、Part (总题数：1，分数：25.00)2.下面你将听到一段有关云南少数民族情况介绍的讲话。 文山壮族苗族自治州位于云南省东南部，东与广西相连，南与越南接壤，边境线长达 438 公里、总面积 3万多平方公里，和海南省差不多。文山州有悠久的历史，境内发现过古人类牙齿化石，说明远古时期就有人类在此生息、劳动。 文山州物产丰富，矿业开发前景良好，土特产品久负盛名，三七种植面积和产量均占全国 85%以上。文山州居住着汉、壮、苗、瑶、彝
12、、回、布依、傣、白、蒙古、仡佬等 11 个民族的 327 万人。 在“九五”期间，在党中央、国务院的关怀下，在云南省委、省政府的领导下，州委，州政府团结带领全州各族人民认真贯彻改革开放方针，大力发展经济，改善人民生活，圆满完成“九五”计划的目标，民族团结，社会稳定，经济高速增长，是自治州成立以来社会经济发展最快的时期。 2001 年经济继续保持良好发展，为“十五”计划开了个好头。一是国民经济总产值增长 9.3%，占全省第二位；二是基础设施建设取得重大突破，完成一大批 公路建设项目；三是产业结构由上年的 38:25:37 调整为 36:26:38，四是对外开放迈出新的步伐，成功举办了第三届特产文
13、化节，塑造了文山新形象，五是扶贫开发成绩突出，2001 年又解决了 33 万贫困人口的基本温饱，农民人均年收入达 763 元。 （分数：25.00）_翻译二级口译实务-41 答案解析(总分：35.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part (总题数：1，分数：10.00)1.HIV/AIDS is now recognized clearly as a growing threat to China. According to official Chinese estimates, China now has approximately 840,000 persons infected with
14、 HIV. As of the end of 2003, only 62,159 persons had been tested and officially confirmed to be HIV-positive. The remaining HIV-positive persons in China, estimated at 780,000 persons or more, are not known to public health authorities, and the individuals themselves probably do not know their statu
15、s, posing significant risks for the further spread of HIV. Senior Chinese officials, as well as international experts operational in China, now assert that HIV is steadily moving from source population such as injecting drag users and commercial sex workers into the general population. However, Chin
16、a has made important advances in outlook, policy and resource commitments. New leaders have emerged in China with a stronger commitment to improving social welfare and to addressing HIV/AIDS in particular. China has initiated a more proactive response to the HIV/AIDS challenge, including a national
17、treatment and care program. New policy guidelines promote “four frees and one care“: free drug treatment for poor citizens, free testing and counseling for poor citizens, free treatment to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV, free schooling for AIDS orphans, and care for families affected by
18、 HIV/AIDS. Senior leaders have committed to implementing harm reduction strategies, including condom promotion, needle exchange, and methadone substitution therapy for drug addicts. Formidable challenges lie ahead. In spite of many positive developments, daunting challenges - political, technical, a
19、nd normative - lie ahead for China to combat HIV/AIDS. It is difficult to overstate the scale and challenges in terms of planning, costs, logistics, human resources, technical capacity, and the pervasive problems posed by stigma. Weak and incomplete national HIV testing and surveillance system, debi
20、litated and dysfunctional public health system, particularly in rural areas, serious lack of qualified personnel and the necessary equipment and technologies to properly diagnose, counsel, treat, monitor and care for HIV/ADS, just to name a few. US-based commentators have suggested that success in a
21、ddressing HIV/AIDS in China will require continued high-level leadership, both in China and internationally. For engaged US policymakers, as well as country leaders and heads of international organizations, priority should lie in near to medium-term steps which sustain Chinese leadership“s focus on
22、HIV/AIDS and public health. China“s formidable structural and organizational weaknesses must be addressed systematically. Failure to implement a more strategically coordinated plan risks the loss of international support over time. Prevention and awareness should receive higher priority in China“s s
23、trategic national Plan to combat HIV/AIDS. And human resources development, through education and training of medical professionals, is crucial. （分数：10.00）_正确答案：()解析：当前在中国，艾滋病毒和艾滋病被视为正在上升的一大威胁。据中国官方估计，中国已有约 84 万人感染了艾滋病毒。但截止 2003 年底，仅有 62159 人经检查确诊为艾滋病毒阳性，其余 78 万或更多的艾滋病毒阳性人员的情况并不为公共卫生部门所知，当事人自己对此或许也不
24、清楚，这就构成了艾滋病毒进一步传播的重大危险。中国资深官员和在华国际专家都认为，艾滋病毒在中国正从一些特定群体，如注射吸毒人员和卖淫人员，向普通人群扩散。 不过，中国在观念、政策和资源投入方面已取得了重要的进步。新就任的领导人对改善社会福利，特别是处理艾滋病毒和艾滋病问题加大了投入。中国对艾滋病问题做出了更加积极的反应，包括了实行全国性的救治计划。新的方针鼓励“四免一关怀”，即对贫困患者药品免费，检查和治疗免费，防止母婴传染治疗免费，艾滋病孤儿上学免费，以及关怀感染艾滋病毒和艾滋病的家庭等。中国的高级领导人还承诺执行减轻危害的政策，比如鼓励吸毒者使用安全套，针具以旧换新，以及进行美莎酮替代疗法
25、等。 严峻的挑战还在前面，尽管中国已取得很多积极进展，但要战胜艾滋病，在政治、技术和标准方面还面临着十分艰巨的挑战。就规划、成本、后勤、人力资源、技术能力以及艾滋病羞耻所引起的普遍问题来看，其规模之大，问题之严重，无论如何强调都不过分。这里仅举几例：脆弱和不完整的全国性艾滋病毒检查和监测系统，破败而难以发挥作用的公共卫生系统，特别在农村地区，以及在为艾滋病毒和艾滋病感染者提供正常的诊断、咨询、救治、监测和照顾方面严重缺少合格工作人员，必要的设备和技术。 在美国的评论家认为，解决好中国的艾滋病问题，需要中国国内和国际上的高层继续发挥领导作用。关心此事的美国决策人士，各国领导人和国际组织的负责人应
26、把制订近期和中期措施作为工作重点，促使中国领导层继续关注艾滋病毒、艾滋病和公共卫生问题。中国巨大的结构和组织缺陷必须系统地加以整顿。如果不能执行一项策略上更加协调的计划将可能随着时间的推移失去国际上对它的支持。预防和宣传应在中国的抗击艾滋病毒和艾滋病的全国计划中处在更明显的地位。而通过教育和医疗专业人员的训练而开展人力资源的开发更是十分重要的。二、Part (总题数：1，分数：25.00)2.下面你将听到一段有关云南少数民族情况介绍的讲话。 文山壮族苗族自治州位于云南省东南部，东与广西相连，南与越南接壤，边境线长达 438 公里、总面积 3万多平方公里，和海南省差不多。文山州有悠久的历史，境内
27、发现过古人类牙齿化石，说明远古时期就有人类在此生息、劳动。 文山州物产丰富，矿业开发前景良好，土特产品久负盛名，三七种植面积和产量均占全国 85%以上。文山州居住着汉、壮、苗、瑶、彝、回、布依、傣、白、蒙古、仡佬等 11 个民族的 327 万人。 在“九五”期间，在党中央、国务院的关怀下，在云南省委、省政府的领导下，州委，州政府团结带领全州各族人民认真贯彻改革开放方针，大力发展经济，改善人民生活，圆满完成“九五”计划的目标，民族团结，社会稳定，经济高速增长，是自治州成立以来社会经济发展最快的时期。 2001 年经济继续保持良好发展，为“十五”计划开了个好头。一是国民经济总产值增长 9.3%，占
28、全省第二位；二是基础设施建设取得重大突破，完成一大批 公路建设项目；三是产业结构由上年的 38:25:37 调整为 36:26:38，四是对外开放迈出新的步伐，成功举办了第三届特产文化节，塑造了文山新形象，五是扶贫开发成绩突出，2001 年又解决了 33 万贫困人口的基本温饱，农民人均年收入达 763 元。 （分数：25.00）_正确答案：()解析：The Wenshan Zhuang and Miao Autonomous Prefecture is situated in the southeast corner of Yunnan Province. It borders Guangxi
29、 to the east and Viet Nam to the south and has a boundary of 438 kilometers. The total area of the prefecture is over 30 thousand square kilometers, about the size of Hainan Province. It has a very long history, evidenced by the discovery of fossilized teeth of the early man who once lived here. Wen
30、shan is rich in resources. Its minerals are promising and its native produce is famous all over the world. Pseudo-ginseng, for example, accounts for over 85% of the national total in terms of acreage and output. Wenshan is home to 3.27 million people of 11 ethnic groups, including the Han, Zhuang, M
31、iao, Yao, Yi, Hui, Buyi, Dai, Bai, Mongolian and Gelao. During the Ninth Five-Year Plan period, the Party Committee and Government of Wenshan Prefecture, with the loving care of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party and the State Council and under the leadership of the Yunnan Provinci
32、al Party Committee and Provincial Government, led the people of all ethnic groups in the prefecture in earnestly implementing the policies of reform and opening up, vigorously developing the economy, improving the people“s livelihood and fulfilling the goals of the Plan. This achieved ethnic harmony
33、, social stability and rapid economic growth, making the five year period one of the fastest social and economic development periods since the founding of the autonomous prefecture. In 2001, the economy continued to grow, which was a good beginning for the Tenth Five Year Plan. To begin with, the ye
34、ar“s GDP went up by 9.3%, the second highest in the province. Secondly, infrastructure development made major breakthroughs with the completion of many highway projects. Thirdly, the industrial structure achieved an improved ratio of 36:26:38 com pared to 38:25:37 of the previous year. Fourthly, the
35、 prefecture“s opening to the outside world made fresh progress evidenced by the successful launching of the Third Native Products Cultural Festival, which gave Wenshan a new image. Fifthly, poverty alleviation scored remarkable success as basic needs for food, clothing and shelter of 330,000 more rural poor were met and the farmers“ average annual income went up to 763 yuan.
