1、翻译二级口译实务-5 及答案解析(总分：150.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart /B(总题数：2，分数：50.00)1.BPassage 1/B If you thought multimedia was something to be enjoyed in the privacy of your home, think again. Banks are on the frontier of the “information superhighway“ because they spend more on the technology than any other type of
2、civilian business. Take the case of J. P. Morgan, Americas fourth largest bank by assets. It has developed a system whereby deals and documents can be finalized quickly on the computer screen with the help of an electronic pen. Its securities analysts in London and traders in Tokyo can talk to each
3、other via the same screen. And clients trust can be built up, and deals completed, faster than via a telephone line which carries no pictures. The new electronic gizmos are currently being introduced into Morgans trading departments in New York, but eventually they will be used around the world-Aisa
4、 included. They make it economically possible to establish small dealing rooms in capitals such as Kuala Lumpur and Bangkok, while concentrating Morgans expensive back-office functions in Singapore. Morgans pioneering effort illustrates how United States banks are using high technology and large amo
5、unts of capital to lever their way into Asian markets. Rivals in Europe and Japan are doing so too, but they do not have the same access to the vast pool of saving available to American banks. US Pension Fund assets, for example, total US $4. 4 trillion, more than three times the size of Japans. US
6、institutions are in the best position to act as a bridge between the growing capital demands of Asia and the supply of investment from the rest of the world. The bridge, of course, could wobble badly, as it did in the Latin American debt crisis of the 1980s, but this is hard to imagine in the 1990s
7、when the economic fundamentals in Asia look so favorable. It took American banks almost a decade to emerge from the Latin American rubble, but they are now formidable competitor. They have written off nonperforming loans and cut payrolls far more boldly than their Japanese counterparts, which are st
8、ill dogged by soured loans to spendthrift property speculators in Japan. The US commercial banks toughest rivals in Asian cross-border business are more likely to be their investment-bank compatriots rather than the Japanese, and the capital markets of Asia, as elsewhere, will be their battleground.
9、 The big five US banks Citibank, Bank of America, Chemical, Morgan and Chase Manhattan, enjoy the advantage of being big. Compared with firms such as Salomon Brothers and Goldman Sachs, the big five are bigger in most senses of the word. They have more capital, more staff and more branches worldwide
10、 through which to distribute corporate issues. What remains to be seen is whether they have trading and deal-making ability to compete with investment hanks.（分数：25.00）_2.BPassage 2/B The evidence that the Earths atmosphere is warming continues to accumulate. A big issue is thus raised concerning the
11、 extent to which the warming is due to human activity and natural causes. Climate change scientists are looking for the answer. Following the periodic full-scale scientific assessments of global climate change, they have concluded that there is a “discernible human influence“ on the global climate.
12、Although a reliable estimate of the magnitude of human imprint on climate still remains some distance off, human activities may have been the dominant factor in the global warming of recent decades. Human factors appear to be playing a part, stemming mostly from emissions of waste industrial gases l
13、ike carbon dioxide, which trap heat in the atmosphere, and sulfate aerosols from industrial smokestacks. Will the climate change lead to the earths eventual extinction? We have no definite answer yet, at least not likely as far as our knowledge goes. The earth experienced a catastrophic extinction a
14、bout 250 million years ago. In the space of a few thousand years, something terrible happened to our planet, something that wiped out 90% of earths ocean species and about 70% of those that lived on land. It was the worst extinction in the history of the earth, known as the Great Dying. It eliminate
15、d whole communities of coral reefs, forests, giant amphibians and ferocious reptiles, swarms of insects and the oceans ubiquitous triobites, those hard-shelled invertebrates that were never seen on the planet again. What caused that extinction? Any number of scenarios has been offered, ranging from
16、the explosion of a nearby star to Ice Age cooling and greenhouse warming. None of them were entirely convincing. We tend to accept the most recent conclusion that the extinction was caused by the impact of an asteroid or comet or meteor, like the one that probably wiped out the dinosaurs 65 million
17、years ago. In each case the damage would have been done not by the explosive collision itself but by the series of global disasters it triggered, for example, furious volcanic eruptions, a rapid heating of the atmosphere and the depletion of life-giving oxygen from the ocean. We cant say exactly whe
18、re this out-space visitor struck because the tectonic processes that rearrange the earth surface have since churned up most of the evidence. But we can estimate its size. It probably measured roughly half the size of the island of Manhattan and it would have slammed into the earth with the force of
19、a magnitude-12 earthquake. Of course, this does not give us an excuse to underestimate the destruction that human harmful activities have brought to the earths climate change. We must realize that we are living the way beyond the limits of the capacity of this planet to sustain. There is almost noth
20、ing that we do that will not compromise the ability of humans to meet their needs in the future. Life ought to be enjoyable. But our destructive ways of life have serious consequences: new human diseases, strange animal and plant diseases, bizarre natural disasters, food shortages, etc. We must act
21、now and channel our way of life in a healthy, sustainable direction.（分数：25.00）_二、BPart /B(总题数：2，分数：100.00)3.BPassage 1/B 儿童的生存、保护和发展是提高人口素质的基础，直接关系到一个国家和民族的前途与命运。中华民族素有“携幼”、“爱幼”的传统美德，中国古语“幼吾幼以及人之幼”流传至今。中国政府一向以认真和负责的态度，高度关心和重视儿童的生存、保护和发展，把“提高全民族素质，从儿童抓起”作为社会主义现代化建没的根本大计，在全社会倡导树立“爱护儿童、教育儿童、为儿童做表率、为儿童办
22、实事”的公民意识，并努力为儿童事业的发展创造良好的社会条件。 中国实行改革开放政策以来，儿童工作进一步走上社会化、科学化、法制化的轨道，儿童工作成为国家建设和全社会义务的重要组成部分。 为了切实保护儿童权益，中国的立法、司法、政府各有关部门以及社会团体都建立了相应的机制，以监督、实施和促进保护儿童事业的健康发展。作为中国最高国家权力机关的全国人民代表大会，其内务司法委员会负责妇女儿童权益保障的立法和执法监督检查，委员会内设立了妇女、儿童专门小组，配有专职人员。 中国政府一直把儿童教育置于整个教育事业发展的优先地位。在政府和全社会的共同努力下，近年来，中国的儿童教育事业有了很大发展，许多指标优先
23、于其他发展中国家，有的接近发达国家水平。 中国动员社会采取多种方式关心和帮助残疾儿童的成长，大力弘扬残疾儿童自强不息的精神，倡导团结、友爱、互助的社会风尚。大众传媒积极反映残疾儿童的生活，报道残疾人事业发展情况。广播、电视普遍开办残疾儿童专题节目，并配制手语、字幕。逐步实行方便残疾人的城市道路和建筑物设计规范，采取无障碍设施等措施，为残疾儿童的生存和发展创造良好的社会环境。 为促进儿童保护领域的国际合作，中国政府和社会力量在扎实、有效地做好国内儿童生存、保护和发展工作的同时，还积极参与有关儿童生存、保护和发展的全球性和区域性国际合作与交流活动。多年来，中国与联合国儿童基金会、联合国教科文组织和
24、世界卫生组织在有关儿童保护领域进行了卓有成效的合作，得到了有关国际组织和权威人士的好评。（分数：50.00）_4.BPassage 2/B 中国经济高速发展，需要大量的矿产品及相关的能源与原材料加工制品。每年消耗的矿石量达 60 多亿吨，位居世界前列。 中国政府为实现经济的可持续发展，在矿产资源勘查、开发领域制定了一系列的法律、法规和政策，形成了既适合中国国情又基本与国际接轨的矿产资源勘查、开发政策法律体系。中国政府积极履行人世承诺，主动调整了法律法规和行政职能，建立了一个多元、稳定的矿产资源贸易体系，保障了出口矿产品的市场和进口矿产品货源的稳定。 经过科学探测，我们对我国矿产资源的分布有了更
25、清楚的认识：中国煤炭和石油的特点是资源丰富但结构不理想。煤炭资源蕴藏量大，煤种齐全，但优质炼焦用煤和无烟煤储量不多；分布广泛，但储量丰度悬殊，东少西多，北丰南贫。中国石油资源储量大，是世界可采资源量大于 150 亿吨的 10 个国家之一，但是资源的探明程度低，陆上探明石油地质储量仅占全部资源的 20%，近海海域的探明程度更低；分布比较集中，大于 10 万平方千米的 14个盆地的石油资源量占全国的 73%；油气资源埋藏深，地质条件复杂。 中国矿产资源遍布于全国各地，但因所处大地构造带和成矿地质条件的不同，各地区矿产资源分布不均，其矿种、储量、质量差异较大，形成了东、中、西部各地域矿产资源的不同特
26、征。西部地区矿产资源分布集中，比较优势突出，具备形成优势支柱产业的资源基础。全国已查明资源储量的 157 种矿产中，西部地区拥有 138 种。此外，西部地区的有色金属储量丰富，不少金属和非金属矿石也具有较高的品质等级。 我们将本着建设一个资源节约型社会的精神，合理开发和利用我国的矿产资源，推动发展循环经济，以造福于全人类。（分数：50.00）_翻译二级口译实务-5 答案解析(总分：150.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart /B(总题数：2，分数：50.00)1.BPassage 1/B If you thought multimedia was something to be enj
27、oyed in the privacy of your home, think again. Banks are on the frontier of the “information superhighway“ because they spend more on the technology than any other type of civilian business. Take the case of J. P. Morgan, Americas fourth largest bank by assets. It has developed a system whereby deal
28、s and documents can be finalized quickly on the computer screen with the help of an electronic pen. Its securities analysts in London and traders in Tokyo can talk to each other via the same screen. And clients trust can be built up, and deals completed, faster than via a telephone line which carrie
29、s no pictures. The new electronic gizmos are currently being introduced into Morgans trading departments in New York, but eventually they will be used around the world-Aisa included. They make it economically possible to establish small dealing rooms in capitals such as Kuala Lumpur and Bangkok, whi
30、le concentrating Morgans expensive back-office functions in Singapore. Morgans pioneering effort illustrates how United States banks are using high technology and large amounts of capital to lever their way into Asian markets. Rivals in Europe and Japan are doing so too, but they do not have the sam
31、e access to the vast pool of saving available to American banks. US Pension Fund assets, for example, total US $4. 4 trillion, more than three times the size of Japans. US institutions are in the best position to act as a bridge between the growing capital demands of Asia and the supply of investmen
32、t from the rest of the world. The bridge, of course, could wobble badly, as it did in the Latin American debt crisis of the 1980s, but this is hard to imagine in the 1990s when the economic fundamentals in Asia look so favorable. It took American banks almost a decade to emerge from the Latin Americ
33、an rubble, but they are now formidable competitor. They have written off nonperforming loans and cut payrolls far more boldly than their Japanese counterparts, which are still dogged by soured loans to spendthrift property speculators in Japan. The US commercial banks toughest rivals in Asian cross-
34、border business are more likely to be their investment-bank compatriots rather than the Japanese, and the capital markets of Asia, as elsewhere, will be their battleground. The big five US banks Citibank, Bank of America, Chemical, Morgan and Chase Manhattan, enjoy the advantage of being big. Compar
35、ed with firms such as Salomon Brothers and Goldman Sachs, the big five are bigger in most senses of the word. They have more capital, more staff and more branches worldwide through which to distribute corporate issues. What remains to be seen is whether they have trading and deal-making ability to c
36、ompete with investment hanks.（分数：25.00）_正确答案：()解析：如果你认为多媒体只是可以在家中单独享用的东西，你应该再想一想。银行处在“信息高速公路”的前沿，因为它们对这种技术比任何其他类型的民用企业投资更多。 以资产在美国银行中排列第四的摩根公司为例。它开发了一种系统，借助一支电子笔就能在计算机屏幕上快速完成交易和文件。公司在伦敦的证券分析员以及在东京的交易商可以通过同一屏幕进行交谈。建立客户信用、成交都比通过电话线路要快，何况电话还无法传送图像。 这种电子新玩意儿，目前正被引入到摩根公司在纽约的交易所采用，最终会在包括亚洲在内的全球范围内使用。这样一来，
37、就可以在吉隆坡和曼谷等首都建立较经济的小型交易室，而把摩根公司开销大的事务部门集中在新加坡。 摩根公司开拓性的举措表明，美国银行正在利用高科技和大量资金来打开亚洲市场。 欧洲和日本的竞争对手们也在这么干，但它们不像美国银行那样，能够得到大量的储蓄资金。例如，美国养老基金资产总计达四万四千亿美元，是日本的三倍多。 美国机构在亚洲日益增长的资金需求和世界其他地区可提供的资金之间充当桥梁最为合适。当然，这座桥梁也可能摇晃，就像二十世纪八十年代拉美债务危机发生时那样，但在二十世纪九十年代亚洲经济基本条件如此良好的情况下，难以想象这种类似事情还会发生。 美国银行花了近十年的时间才从拉丁美洲的窘境中逃脱出
38、来，但它们现在已经成为强大的竞争者。它们处理了坏账，削减员工，做得比日本同行们更大胆。日本银行因无法从挥金如土的房地产投机商那儿收回贷款而陷入了困境。 美国商业银行在亚洲跨境业务中最棘手的竞争对手很可能不是日本人，而是它们本国投资银行的同胞。亚洲的资本市场，像其他地方一样，将成为他们争夺的战场。 美国最大的五家银行花旗银行、美洲银行、美华银行、摩根银行、大同银行，其优势在于庞大。与所罗门兄弟公司和高盛公司这样的企业相比，五大银行在许多方面确确实实要比他们大：他们拥有更多的资本，更庞大的员工队伍，在世界上有更多的分行，并可以通过这些分行销售公司证券。 拭目以待的是它们是否有很强的交易能力来与投资
39、银行竞争。 综合解析 本文是一段有关美国银行在亚洲拓展金融业务的讲话。文中主要以摩根公司为例，讲述了美国银行利用高科技、大量资本和庞大的员工队伍与亚洲对手，主要是日本，展开竞争，开拓亚洲市场。 本文要求应试者了解世界银行业的发展，掌握一定的银行业专门词汇和表达方式，这有赖于应试者平时的知识积累，是翻译的基本要求。此外，应试者还需要在短时间内，对长难句进行正确的理解、分析、简化或切分，把握好两种语言各自特色，完成双语间的转换；对于些较为生僻的短语和表达法，不能死译、硬译，而应该充分联系上下文灵活变通，使译文通顺流畅。 基本素质采分点 以下单词或短语是本文所要考查的基础知识点，涉及相关知识领域的专
40、门名词和一些惯用表达法，是应试者理解和翻译的基础。 1information superhighway 信息高速公路 2J. P. Morgan 摩根公司 3Citibank 花旗银行 4Bank of America 美洲银行 5Chemical 美华银行 6Chase Manhattan 大同银行 7Salomon Brothers 所罗门兄弟公司 8Goldman Sachs 高盛公司 结构理解采分点 下面是本文中出现的长难句，要求应试者在听的过程中理解并分析出句子所包含的意群之间的逻辑关系，尊重目的语特点，将原文转换成通顺、地道的目的语。在转换的过程中，应试者需要完成诸如语序调整、词类
41、转换、语态转换等翻译过程。 1It has developed a system whereby deals and documents can be finalized quickly on the computer screen with the help of an electronic pen. 原句包含一个“whereby”引导的关系从句，翻译时，可直接省略关系词；后面的从句使用被动语态，用物来做主语，转换成汉语时最好变为主动语态；“with”引导的方式状语，按照汉语的习惯，需要放在所修饰动词的前面。 2And clients trust can be built up, and d
42、eals completed, faster than via a telephone line which carries no pictures. 原句包含一个由“which”引导的关系从句，修饰“telephone”。翻译时，可以重复先行词，将关系从句与主句并列，也可将从句译成短语放在所修饰的成分前面。 3The bridge, of course, could wobble badly, as it did in the Latin American debt crisis of the 1980s, but this is hard to imagine in the 1990s w
43、hen the economic fundamentals in Asia look so favorable. 原句的主干是由“but”连接起来的并列复句，前一个分句中包含一个由“as”引导的状语从句，后一个句子中有一个由“when”引导的关系从句，修饰“the 1990s”。“as it did”中，“did”是为了避免重复而代替上文中的实义动词“wobble”；翻译后一个分句时，应当把时间状语提前到谓语动词结构之前。 4They have written off nonperforming loans and cut payrolls far more boldly than their
44、 Japanese counterparts, which are still dogged by soured loans to spendthrift property speculators in Japan. 原句是一个主从复合句，包含一个由“which”引导的非限定性关系从句，修饰“counterparts”。由于与主句关系较远，一般可以单独切分成一个从句或单句，而不必变为前置定语；非限定性关系从句中使用的是被动语态，在翻译时，应按照汉语的习惯转换成主动语态。 5They have more capital, more staff and more branches worldwid
45、e through which to distribute corporate issues. 原句包含一个由“which”引导的关系从句，修饰“branches”。由于信息量大，翻译时可以重复先行词，将其变成一个从句，与主句并列即可。 言语表达采分点 应试者不仅需要从宏观上整体把握原文的结构和意思，还需要从微观上正确理解和运用一些重要词汇和表达法。 1gizmos 新玩意儿 2back-office functions 事务部门 3lever their way into 打开市场 4have access to 能够得到 5available to 可以得到 6in the best po
46、sition 最为合适 7write off nonperforming loans 注销坏账 8cross-border business 跨境业务 9rather than 而不是 10deal-making ability 交易能力2.BPassage 2/B The evidence that the Earths atmosphere is warming continues to accumulate. A big issue is thus raised concerning the extent to which the warming is due to human acti
47、vity and natural causes. Climate change scientists are looking for the answer. Following the periodic full-scale scientific assessments of global climate change, they have concluded that there is a “discernible human influence“ on the global climate. Although a reliable estimate of the magnitude of
48、human imprint on climate still remains some distance off, human activities may have been the dominant factor in the global warming of recent decades. Human factors appear to be playing a part, stemming mostly from emissions of waste industrial gases like carbon dioxide, which trap heat in the atmosphere, and sulfate ae
