1、翻译二级笔译综合能力-38 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BCloze Test /B(总题数：3，分数：100.00)DarwinThe Origin of Species by Means of Natural SelectionThe main conclusion arrived at in this work, namely, that man is descended from some lowly organised form, will, I regret to think, be highly distasteful to many. But th
2、ere can hardly be a doubt that we are descended from barbarians. The astonishment which I felt on first seeing a party of Fuegians on a wild and broken shore will never be U U 1 /U /Uby me, for the reflection at once rushed into my mindsuch U U 2 /U /Uour ancestors. These men were absolutely naked a
3、nd U U 3 /U /Uwith paint, their long hair was tangled, their mouths U U 4 /U /Uwith excitement, and their expression was wild, startled, and U U 5 /U /U. They possessed hardly any arts, and like wild animals U U 6 /U /Uon what they could catch; they had no government, and were U U 7 /U /Uto every on
4、e not of their own small tribe. He who has seen a U U 8 /U /Uin his native land will not feel much shame, if forced to U U 9 /U /Uthat the blood of some more humble creature flows in his U U 10 /U /U. For my own part I would as soon be descended from that heroic U U 11 /U /Umonkey, who braved his dr
5、eaded enemy in order to save the life of U U 12 /U /Ukeeper, or from that old baboon, who descending from the mountains, U U 13 /U /Uaway in triumph his young comrade from a crowd of U U 14 /U /Udogsas from a savage who delights to torture his U U 15 /U /U, offers up bloody sacrifices, practices inf
6、anticide without remorse, treats his wives like slaves, knows no decency, and is haunted by the grossest superstitions.（分数：30.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_Bertrand RussellThe Analysis of Mind (Truth and Falsehood)On the f
7、eatures which distinguish knowledge from accuracy of response in general, not much can be said from a behaviourist point of view without referring to purpose. But the necessity of SOMETHING besides accuracy of response may be brought out by the U U 16 /U /Uconsideration: Suppose two persons, of whom
8、 one believed U U 17 /U /Uthe other disbelieved, and disbelieved whatever the other U U 18 /U /U. So far as accuracy and sensitiveness of response alone are concerned, U U 19 /U /Uwould be nothing to choose between these two persons. A thermometer U U 20 /U /Uwent down for warm weather and up for co
9、ld might be just as U U 21 /U /Uas the usual kind; and a person who always believes falsely is just as U U 22 /U /Uan instrument as a person who always believes truly. The U U 23 /U /Uand practical difference between them would be that the one U U 24 /U /Ualways believed falsely would quickly come t
10、o a bad end. This U U 25 /U /Uonce more that accuracy of response to stimulus does not alone U U 26 /U /Uknowledge, but must be reinforced by appropriateness, i. e. suitability for U U 27 /U /Uones purpose. This applies even in the apparently simple U U 28 /U /Uof answering questions: if the purpose
11、 of the answers is to deceive, their U U 29 /U /U, not their truth, will be evidence of knowledge. The proportion of the U U 30 /U /Uof appropriateness with accuracy in the definition of knowledge is difficult; it seems that both enter in, but that appropriateness is only required as regards the gen
12、eral type of response, not as regards each individual instance.（分数：30.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_BathingLong before recorded history, our ancestors were bathing for pleasure and health. Man has found many interesting wa
13、ys to take his bath. The earliest records often mention the use of rivers for bathing. The Bible speaks of the healing waters of the River Jordan. Egyptian history mentions bathing in the Nile. And the Hindus have believed for centuries that the Ganges River has the power to clean the soul, as well
14、as the body.Several thousand years ago, the U U 31 /U /Uof the island of Crete, in the eastern Mediterranean, built U U 32 /U /Uwith running water. The early Jews took ceremonial baths on U U 33 /U /Uoccasions, making use of oils and ointments. The U U 34 /U /Ualso had a custom of bathing the feet o
15、f all strangers that came U U 35 /U /Utheir gate. This friendly custom is still practiced in parts of Palestine.Swimming was U U 36 /U /Uamong the Greeks of antiquity. By the third century U U 37 /U /UChrist, almost every Greek city of a certain size had at least one U U 38 /U /Ubath. The wealthy cl
16、asses had private baths and pools, some of U U 39 /U /Uwere beautifully decorated.Many of the public baths that the Romans U U 40 /U /Uutilized natural mineral springs. Since most of these U U 41 /U /Uwere naturally warm, the Romans took advantage of this U U 42 /U /Uhot water. By the time of the Ro
17、man Emperors these baths were often U U 43 /U /Uin large, marble buildings. The baths built by the U U 44 /U /UCaracalla, in the center of Rome, covered about one U U 45 /U /Umile and could hold sixteen thousand people.The Roman baths were as richly ornamented as a U U 46 /U /U. The floors were of m
18、arble and mosaic. And statues U U 47 /U /Uthe walls. There were rooms in which the Romans could eat, read U U 48 /U /Uand even watch plays. The baths included swimming pools, U U 49 /U /Ubaths, steam baths and hot air baths.While public baths kept the U U 50 /U /Uclean, they also helped to undermine
19、 their character. Men would send the entire day relaxing lazily in these beautiful buildings. In fact, a famous Roman philosopher, Seneca, said the Romans were not satisfied unless they were ornamented with precious stones. While the men were being massaged and rubbed with perfumes and oils, they di
20、scussed their favorite games and gladiators. Sometimes wealthy bathers had the whole tub or pool filled with wines or perfumes. Many of the roman women bathed in milk: the Emperors wife kept five hundred donkeys to carry the milk for her bath!As a result of all this bath-oriented frivolity, the earl
21、y fathers of the Christian church forbade Christians to bathe for pleasure. They were permitted to bathe only for hygienic reasons.（分数：40.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_翻译二级笔译综合能力-38 答案解析(
22、总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BCloze Test /B(总题数：3，分数：100.00)DarwinThe Origin of Species by Means of Natural SelectionThe main conclusion arrived at in this work, namely, that man is descended from some lowly organised form, will, I regret to think, be highly distasteful to many. But there can hardly be a
23、doubt that we are descended from barbarians. The astonishment which I felt on first seeing a party of Fuegians on a wild and broken shore will never be U U 1 /U /Uby me, for the reflection at once rushed into my mindsuch U U 2 /U /Uour ancestors. These men were absolutely naked and U U 3 /U /Uwith p
24、aint, their long hair was tangled, their mouths U U 4 /U /Uwith excitement, and their expression was wild, startled, and U U 5 /U /U. They possessed hardly any arts, and like wild animals U U 6 /U /Uon what they could catch; they had no government, and were U U 7 /U /Uto every one not of their own s
25、mall tribe. He who has seen a U U 8 /U /Uin his native land will not feel much shame, if forced to U U 9 /U /Uthat the blood of some more humble creature flows in his U U 10 /U /U. For my own part I would as soon be descended from that heroic U U 11 /U /Umonkey, who braved his dreaded enemy in order
26、 to save the life of U U 12 /U /Ukeeper, or from that old baboon, who descending from the mountains, U U 13 /U /Uaway in triumph his young comrade from a crowd of U U 14 /U /Udogsas from a savage who delights to torture his U U 15 /U /U, offers up bloody sacrifices, practices infanticide without rem
27、orse, treats his wives like slaves, knows no decency, and is haunted by the grossest superstitions.（分数：30.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：forgotten）解析：填空项 1:_ （正确答案：were）解析：填空项 1:_ （正确答案：bedaubed）解析：填空项 1:_ （正确答案：frothed）解析：填空项 1:_ （正确答案：distrustful）解析：填空项 1:_ （正确答案：rived）解析：填空项 1:_ （正确答案：merciless）解析：填空项 1:_ （正确答
28、案：savage）解析：填空项 1:_ （正确答案：akcnowledge）解析：填空项 1:_ （正确答案：veins）解析：填空项 1:_ （正确答案：little）解析：填空项 1:_ （正确答案：his）解析：填空项 1:_ （正确答案：carried）解析：填空项 1:_ （正确答案：astonished）解析：填空项 1:_ （正确答案：enemies）解析：Bertrand RussellThe Analysis of Mind (Truth and Falsehood)On the features which distinguish knowledge from accura
29、cy of response in general, not much can be said from a behaviourist point of view without referring to purpose. But the necessity of SOMETHING besides accuracy of response may be brought out by the U U 16 /U /Uconsideration: Suppose two persons, of whom one believed U U 17 /U /Uthe other disbelieved
30、 and disbelieved whatever the other U U 18 /U /U. So far as accuracy and sensitiveness of response alone are concerned, U U 19 /U /Uwould be nothing to choose between these two persons. A thermometer U U 20 /U /Uwent down for warm weather and up for cold might be just as U U 21 /U /Uas the usual ki
31、nd; and a person who always believes falsely is just as U U 22 /U /Uan instrument as a person who always believes truly. The U U 23 /U /Uand practical difference between them would be that the one U U 24 /U /Ualways believed falsely would quickly come to a bad end. This U U 25 /U /Uonce more that ac
32、curacy of response to stimulus does not alone U U 26 /U /Uknowledge, but must be reinforced by appropriateness, i. e. suitability for U U 27 /U /Uones purpose. This applies even in the apparently simple U U 28 /U /Uof answering questions: if the purpose of the answers is to deceive, their U U 29 /U
33、/U, not their truth, will be evidence of knowledge. The proportion of the U U 30 /U /Uof appropriateness with accuracy in the definition of knowledge is difficult; it seems that both enter in, but that appropriateness is only required as regards the general type of response, not as regards each indi
34、vidual instance.（分数：30.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：following）解析：填空项 1:_ （正确答案：whatever）解析：填空项 1:_ （正确答案：believed）解析：填空项 1:_ （正确答案：there）解析：填空项 1:_ （正确答案：which）解析：填空项 1:_ （正确答案：accurate）解析：填空项 1:_ （正确答案：sensitive）解析：填空项 1:_ （正确答案：observable）解析：填空项 1:_ （正确答案：who）解析：填空项 1:_ （正确答案：illustrates）解析：填空项 1:_ （正确答案：show
35、解析：填空项 1:_ （正确答案：realizing）解析：填空项 1:_ （正确答案：case）解析：填空项 1:_ （正确答案：falsehood）解析：填空项 1:_ （正确答案：combination）解析：BathingLong before recorded history, our ancestors were bathing for pleasure and health. Man has found many interesting ways to take his bath. The earliest records often mention the use of ri
36、vers for bathing. The Bible speaks of the healing waters of the River Jordan. Egyptian history mentions bathing in the Nile. And the Hindus have believed for centuries that the Ganges River has the power to clean the soul, as well as the body.Several thousand years ago, the U U 31 /U /Uof the island
37、 of Crete, in the eastern Mediterranean, built U U 32 /U /Uwith running water. The early Jews took ceremonial baths on U U 33 /U /Uoccasions, making use of oils and ointments. The U U 34 /U /Ualso had a custom of bathing the feet of all strangers that came U U 35 /U /Utheir gate. This friendly custo
38、m is still practiced in parts of Palestine.Swimming was U U 36 /U /Uamong the Greeks of antiquity. By the third century U U 37 /U /UChrist, almost every Greek city of a certain size had at least one U U 38 /U /Ubath. The wealthy classes had private baths and pools, some of U U 39 /U /Uwere beautiful
39、ly decorated.Many of the public baths that the Romans U U 40 /U /Uutilized natural mineral springs. Since most of these U U 41 /U /Uwere naturally warm, the Romans took advantage of this U U 42 /U /Uhot water. By the time of the Roman Emperors these baths were often U U 43 /U /Uin large, marble buil
40、dings. The baths built by the U U 44 /U /UCaracalla, in the center of Rome, covered about one U U 45 /U /Umile and could hold sixteen thousand people.The Roman baths were as richly ornamented as a U U 46 /U /U. The floors were of marble and mosaic. And statues U U 47 /U /Uthe walls. There were rooms in which the Romans could eat, read U U 48 /U /U
