1、翻译二级笔译综合能力分类模拟题 17 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：4，分数：100.00)In a recent survey, Garber and Hohz concluded that the average half-hour children“s television show contains 47 violent acts. When asked about the survey network television executive Jean Pater responded. “I sure as
2、 heck don“t think that Bugs Bunny“s pouring a glass of milk over a chipmunk“s head is violence.“ Unfortunately, both Garber and Holtz and Pater beg the question. The real issue is whether children view such acts as violence. The violence programming aimed at children almost always appears in the con
3、text of fantasy. Cartoon violence generally includes animation, humor, and a remote setting. There is no evidence of direct imitation of television violence by children, though there is evidence that fantasy violence can energize previously learned aggressive response such as a physical attack on an
4、other child during play. It is by no means clear, however, that the violence in a portrayal is solely responsible for this energizing effect. Rather, the evidence suggests that any exciting material can trigger subsequent aggressive behavior and that it is the excitation rather than the portrayal of
5、 violence that instigates or energizes any subsequent violent behavior. “Cold“ imitation of violence by children is extremely rare, and the very occasional evidence of direct, imitative associations between television violence and aggressive behavior has been limited to extremely novel and violent a
6、cts by teenagers or adults with already established patterns of deviant behavior. The institutional effect means, in the short term, that exposure to violent portrayals could be dangerous if shoaly after the exposure (within 15 to 20 minutes), the child happens to be in a situation that calls for in
7、terpersonal aggression as an appropriate response, for example, an argument between siblings or among peers. This same institutional effect, however, could be produced by other exciting but nonviolent television content or by any other excitational source, including, ironically, a parent“s turning o
8、ff the set. So there is no convincing causal evidence of any cumulative instigational effects such as more aggressive or violent dispositions in children. In fact, passivity is a more likely long term result of heavy viewing of television violence. The evidence does not warrant the strong conclusion
9、s advanced by many critics who tend to use television violence as a scapegoat to draw public attention away from the real causes of violencecauses like abusive spouses and parents and a culture that celebrates violence generally.（分数：25.00）(1).The word “beg“ underlined in Paragraph 1 is closest in me
10、aning to _.（分数：2.50）A.doubtB.confirmC.agreeD.disagree(2).The primary purpose of the passage is to _.（分数：2.50）A.correct a popular misconceptionB.solve a serious social problemC.criticize some earlier researchD.propose some theories on crime(3).The phase “by no means“ underlined in Paragraph 2 is clos
11、est in meaning to _.（分数：2.50）A.not at allB.a littleC.notD.apparently(4).According to the author, the immediate effect of TV cartoons on children is that they become _.（分数：2.50）A.violentB.excitedC.imaginativeD.aggressive(5).The word “ironically“ underlined in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to _.（分
12、数：2.50）A.sarcasticallyB.surprisingC.astoundingD.sneering(6).The boldfaced word “appropriate“ in Paragraph 2 means _.（分数：2.50）A.moralB.agreeableC.normalD.polite(7).If there is an argument between siblings one hour after their watching some TV violence, these children would _.（分数：2.50）A.likely fall in
13、to a state of total passivity to their parentsB.likely behave less aggressively than on other occasionsC.unlikely resort to any violent actions but keep peacefulD.unlikely be more violent than without watching the program(8).The word “scapegoat“ underlined in the last Paragraph refers to _.（分数：2.50）
14、A.someone punished for the errors of othersB.victimC.casuahyD.crew(9).As the evidence shows, who would most likely imitate TV violence?（分数：2.50）A.The children who are the only child of the family.B.The children who are extraordinarily imaginative.C.The children who like to act against the rules.D.Th
15、e children who like fantasy TV programs.(10).The last paragraph indicates the truth that _.（分数：2.50）A.TV violence makes some children more violent and others more passiveB.the long-term exposure to TV violence is the major cause of violenceC.violence has little to do with TV but much with children“s
16、 natureD.the family and social environment play a big role in children“s violenceSofia Coppola“s “Lost in Translation“ is a funny, bittersweet movie that uses cultural dislocation as a metaphor for people who have gotten lost in their own lives. The movie contains priceless slapstick from Bill Murra
17、y, finely tuned performances by Murray and the beautiful Scarlett Johansson and a visual and aural design that cultivates a romantic though melancholy mood. In only her second feature, Coppola has made a poised, intelligent film that nicely balances laughs with a poignancy rarely seen in American mo
18、vies. If Focus Features markets “Lost in Translation“ carefully, this most original comedy could win audiences well beyond art houses. Bob Harris (Murray) is a grumpy movie star in town to shoot a whiskey commercial. He is not only plagued by jet lag and gloom over a deteriorating marriage of many y
19、ears, he is also in the midst of a midlife crisis that dampens his spirits but not his wit. Charlotte (Johansson), the neglected wife of a photographer, experiences a similar air-condi-tioned nightmare. Married two years, she already feels lost in the relationship, unable to participate in her husba
20、nd“s career or pinpoint what she wants out of life. When she ventures into the city, she is confronted by a distorted version of Western modernity. These two people discover each other late at night at the bar. Neither one can sleep. A friendship evolves in their mutual isolation. Coppola sees in To
21、kyo“s crowded, neon-lit urban landscape a society estranged from its own culture. The night is filled with pleasure-seekers obsessed by games, toys and American pop culture. Only when Charlotte takes a train to Kyoto is she able to experience the old Japan of ancient temples and gardens, tea houses
22、and kimono-clad figures. This role fits Murray like his own skin. A middle-aged burnout who sees no challenges on his horizon gradually changes into a man revitalized by another alienated soul. His comic touch enriches the character with a self-deprecating wit and. in a few sequences, a rubbery phys
23、icality that earns sustained laughs. Johansson makes Charlotte“s loneliness and disillusionment palpable as the woman is cut off from life in ways she never imagined. Using high-speed film stock, cinematographer Lance Acord gives the glaring neon and numbingly sleek interiors a kind of romantic shee
24、n. The score produced by Brian Reitzell created out of Japanese musical themes and “Tokyo dream-pop“ adds to the sense of an Eastern city that has succumbed in large measure to Western culture.（分数：25.00）(1).The word “slapstick“ underlined in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to _.（分数：2.50）A.farceB.s
25、oap operaC.idol playD.science fiction(2).“Lost in translation“ is a movie about _.（分数：2.50）A.a couple who sought happiness in a foreign countryB.some westerners keen on learning the oriental cultureC.the funny experiences of some film-making crew in JapanD.people whose lives got disrupted in an alie
26、n culture(3).The boldfaced word “poignancy“ in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to _.（分数：2.50）A.happinessB.clarityC.clevernessD.sadness(4).The word “grumpy“ underlined in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to _.（分数：2.50）A.short-temperedB.snippyC.testyD.cranky(5).Which of the following is NOT true ab
27、out Bob Harris?（分数：2.50）A.He is a bad-tempered movie star.B.He is sad because of his unhappy marriage.C.He is a bit slow as he is in a midlife crisis.D.He is one of Charlotte“s friends.(6).The word “pinpoint“ underlined in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to _.（分数：2.50）A.subscribe exactlyB.knowC.co
28、nfirmD.point out(7).Charlotte sees no hope in life because _.（分数：2.50）A.she feels alienated from her busy husbandB.she feels unable to stand the hardships in JapanC.she has been abandoned by her husbandD.she has had a recurring nightmare about her death(8).The two characters in the film can be descr
29、ibed as _.（分数：2.50）A.exhausted but happyB.energetic but indifferentC.enthusiastic and romanticD.emotionally tired and lonely(9).The word “succumbed“ underlined in the last Paragraph refers to _.（分数：2.50）A.submit toB.obeyC.resignD.truckle(10).It can be learned that “Tokyo dream-pop“ _.（分数：2.50）A.was
30、adapted to the music of the filmB.was composed by Brian ReitzellC.must be a theme song sung in the movieD.must be about Tokyo“s WesternizationMost people would be impressed by the high quality of medicine available to most Americans. There is a lot of specialization , a great deal of attention to th
31、e individual, a vast amount of advanced technical equipment, and intense effort not to make mistakes because of the financial risk which doctors and hospitals must face in the courts if they handle things badly. But the Americans are in a mess . The problem is the way in which health care is organiz
32、ed and financed. Contrary to public belief, it is not just a free competition system. To the private system has been joined a large public system, because private care was simply not looking after the less fortunate and the elderly. But even with this huge public part of the system, which this year
33、will eat up 84.5 billion dollarsmore than 10 percent of the U.S. budgetlarge numbers of Americans are left out . These include about half the 11 million unemployed and those who fail to meet the strict limits on income fixed by a government trying to make savings where it can. The basic problem, how
34、ever, is that there is no central control over the health system. There is no limit to what doctors and hospitals charge for their services, other than what the public is able to pay. The number of doctors has shot up and prices have climbed. When faced with toothache, a sick child, or a heart attac
35、k, all the unfortunate person concerned can do is pay up. Two-thirds of the population are covered by medical insurance. Doctors charge as much as they want knowing that the insurance company will pay the bill. The medical profession has as a result become America“s new big businessmen. The average
36、income of doctors has now reached $100,000 a year. With such vast incomes the talk in the doctor“s surgery is as likely to be about the doctor“s latest financial deal, as about whether the minor operation he is recommending at, several thousand dollars is entirely necessary. The rising cost of medic
37、ine in the U. S. A. is among the most worrying problem facing the country. In 1981 the country“s health cost climbed 15.9 percentabout twice as fast as prices in general.（分数：25.00）(1).In the U. S. patients can expect, in medical treatment, _.（分数：2.50）A.occasional mistakes by careless doctorsB.a grea
38、t deal of personal attentionC.low charge by doctors and hospitalsD.slacking nurses and bad services(2).The word “specialization“ underlined in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to _.（分数：2.50）A.restrictionB.classC.standardD.norm(3).Doctors and hospitals try hard to avoid making mistakes because _.（分数
39、：2.50）A.they fear to be sued by the patientsB.they care much about their reputationC.they compete for getting more patientsD.they wish to join the private medical system(4).The phase “in a mess“ underlined in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to _.（分数：2.50）A.in disorderB.untidyC.uncleanD.chaotic(5).
40、What do Most Americans think about health care in the U. S.?（分数：2.50）A.It must be in total chaos.B.It must be a free competition system.C.It should cover the unemployed.D.It should involve private care.(6).The phase “left out“ underlined in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to _.（分数：2.50）A.ignoreB.c
41、onsiderC.eliminateD.debar(7).From Paragraph 3 we know that _ from the public health system.（分数：2.50）A.millions of jobless people get supportB.those with steady income do not seek helpC.some people are made ineligible to benefitD.those with private health care are excluded(8).According to the author,
42、 what is the key factor in the rise of health cost in the U. S.?（分数：2.50）A.The refusal of insurance companies to pay the bills.B.The increase of the number of doctors and hospitals.C.The lack of government control over the medical prices.D.The merger of private health care with the public system.(9)
43、.The word “they“ underlined in Paragraph 5 refers to _.（分数：2.50）A.doctorsB.moneyC.populationD.patients(10).It is implied that American doctors often _.（分数：2.50）A.trade their professionalism for financial benefitsB.fail to recognize the paying power of the patientsC.discuss about how to make money du
44、ring the surgeryD.give the patients expensive but needless treatmentsAlmost every day the media discovers an African American community fighting some form of environmental threat from land fills, garbage dumps, petrochemical plants, refineries, bus depots, and the list goes on. For years, residents
45、watched helplessly as their communities became dumping grounds. But citizens didn“t remain silent for long. Local activists have been organizing under the mantle of environmental justice since as far back as 1968. More than three decades ago, the concept of environmental justice had not registered o
46、n the radar screens of many environmental or civil rights groups. But environmental justice fits squarely under the civil rights umbrella. It should not be forgotten that Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. went to Memphis on an environmental and economic justice mission in 1968, seeking support for striking
47、 garbage workers who were underpaid and whose basic duties exposed them to environmentally hazardous conditions. In 1979, a landmark environmental discrimination lawsuit filed in Houston, followed by similar litigation efforts in the 1980s, rallied activists to stand up to corporations and demand go
48、vernment intervention . In 1991, a new breed of environmental activists gathered in Washington, D. C., to bring national attention to pollution problems threatening low-income and minority communities. Leaders introduced the concept of environmental justice, protesting that Black, poor and working-c
49、lass communities often received less environmental protection than White or more affluent communities. The first National People of Color Environmental Leadership Summit effectively broadened what “the environment“ was understood to mean. It expanded the definition to include where we live, work, play, worship and go to school, as well as the physical and natural world. In the process, the environmental justice movement changed the way environmentalism is practi
