1、翻译二级笔译综合能力分类模拟题 19 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：5，分数：100.00)For some people, the light of human attention has an unbearable brilliance. Like ivy along the dim edge of a garden, they prefer the social shadows, shunning parties, publicity and fame of any sort. Then there are t
2、he flowers of the human arboretum . For them, being in the view of others seems necessary for life itself. From Hollywood to fabricated prime-time reality, this spotlight-de-pendent species is thriving. But what about the individuals who crave attention for more desperate reasons? Those who resort t
3、o unusual ways to get it? Lately, it seems, a dark bloom of these characters has emerged. For motives known only to themselves, they have won notoriety by drawing on an almost sacred well of social status: victim hood. In early April, US national news outlets tracked the disappearance of Audrey Seil
4、er, a sophomore at the University of Wisconsin in Madison. Police and hundreds of concerned citizens searched for four days before Seiler was discovered. Seiler said she was kidnapped. Within hours, however, her story fell apart. Police announced that her abduction had been a hoax. Why would a popul
5、ar student make herself disappear? Her motive remains a mystery, but perhaps it had something to do with the search parties and the news bulletins that surrounded her. Sympathy is a powerful sentiment that can connect complete strangers. But if it“s used to manipulate, the backlash can be much more
6、intense. In February, a Waterbury, Connecticut, man was arrested as a result of exploiting sympathy. Edward Valentin told reporters that he had received word that his wife, serving in Iraq, had been killed in an explosion. Police said Valentin admitted the fabrication, reasoning that if people felt
7、sorry for him maybe the military would send his wife home. Evidence, however, points elsewhere. In its extreme form, such a craving shows up in mental disorders, where sufferers may seek attention by causing themselves harm. But even when it comes with no diagnosis, a deep craving to be noticed can
8、have a wide impact. For these individuals, victim hood represents a “pure state of guilt-free entitlement,“ said psychologist Richard Levak, of Del Mar, California. “They go from being utterly deprived to being utterly indulged. In today“s world. people have become more depressed and disconnected fr
9、om each other. So you get people who crave affection and attention and approval. They don“t know how to ask for it and they don“t know how to get it. That leaves them vulnerable,“ Levak said.（分数：20.00）(1).The word “arboretum“ underlined in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to _.（分数：2.00）A.botanical
10、gardenB.zoological gardenC.orchardD.golf course(2).According to the first paragraph, some people _.（分数：2.00）A.do not like to be in the spotlightB.like the dark side of societyC.prefer the beauty of plants to peopleD.avoid the media but enjoy parties(3).The word “notoriety“ underlined in Paragraph 2
11、is closest in meaning to _.（分数：2.00）A.infamyB.reclameC.reputationD.achievement(4).In the first two paragraphs, the rhetoric device used in the writing is _.（分数：2.00）A.paradoxB.analogyC.metaphorD.pun(5).The word “abduction“ underlined in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to _.（分数：2.00）A.kidnapB.actio
12、nC.excuseD.plead(6).According to Paragraph 3, we know that Audrey Seiler _.（分数：2.00）A.was kidnappedB.played a trick for publicityC.was neglected at schoolD.stayed away from the concerned citizens(7).The word “utterly“ underlined in Paragraph 7 refers to _.（分数：2.00）A.completelyB.absolutelyC.silentlyD
13、.oppositely(8).Audrey Seiler did something crazy probably because she wanted to _.（分数：2.00）A.challenge the policeB.attract the mediaC.experience an adventureD.beat the crowd(9).Edward Valentin made up the story in order to _.（分数：2.00）A.get his wife back home from IraqB.make people feel sorry for him
14、C.express deep love for his wifeD.draw attention to himself(10).The last paragraph suggests that _.（分数：2.00）A.society has nothing to do with the extreme behavior of peopleB.people who play the victim are doing what they feel is rightC.people“s deep need of attention implies psychological problemsD.p
15、eople who fish for attention indulge themselves in fabricating realityThe ocean bottoma region nearly 2.5 times greater than the total land area of the Earthis a vast frontier that even today is largely unexplored and uncharted. Until about a century ago, the deep-ocean floor was completely inaccess
16、ible , hidden beneath waters averaging over 3,600 meters deep. Totally without fight and subjected to intense pressures hundreds of times greater than at the Earth“s surface, the deep-ocean bottom is a hostile environment to humans, in some ways as forbidding and remote as the void of outer space .
17、Although researchers have taken samples of deep-ocean rocks and sediments for over a century, the first detailed global investigation of the ocean bottom did not actually start until 1968, with the beginning of the National Science Foundation“s Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP). Using techniques firs
18、t developed for the offshore oil and gas industry, the DSDP“s drill ship, the Glomar Challenger, was able to maintain a steady position on the ocean“s surface and drill in very deep waters, extracting samples of sediments and rock from the ocean floor. The Glomar Challenger completed 96 voyages in a
19、 15-year research program that ended in November 1983. During this time, the vessel logged 600,000 kilometers and took almost 20,000 core samples of seabed sediments and rocks at 624 drilling sites around the world. The Glomar Challenger“s core samples have allowed geologists to reconstruct what the
20、 planet looked like hundreds of millions of years ago and to calculate what it will probably look like millions of years in the future. Today, largely on the strength of evidence gathered during the Glomar Challenger“s voyages, nearly all earth scientists agree on the theories of plate tectonics and
21、 continental drift that explain many of the geological processes that shape the Earth. The cores of sediment drilled by the Glomar Challenger have also yielded information critical to understanding the world“s past climates. Deep-ocean sediments provide a climatic record stretching back hundreds of
22、millions of years, because they are largely isolated from the mechanical erosion and the intense chemical and biological activity that rapidly destroy much land-based evidence of past climates. This record has already provided insights into the patterns and causes of past climatic change-information
23、 that may be used to predict future climates.（分数：20.00）(1).The author refers to the ocean bottom as a “frontier“ in Paragraph 1 because it _.（分数：2.00）A.is not a popular area for scientific researchB.contains a wide variety of life formsC.attracts courageous explorersD.is an unknown territory(2).The
24、word “inaccessible“ underlined in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to _.（分数：2.00）A.unrecognizableB.unreachableC.unusableD.unsafe(3).The author mentions “outer space“ underlined in Paragraph 1 because _.（分数：2.00）A.the Earth“s climate millions of years ago was similar to conditions in outer spaceB.it
25、 is similar to the ocean floor in being alien to the human environmentC.rock formations in outer space are similar to those found on the ocean floorD.techniques used by scientists to explore outer space were similar to those used in ocean exploration(4).Which of the following is true of the Glomar C
26、hallenger?（分数：2.00）A.It is a type of submarineB.It is an ongoing projectC.It has gone on over 100 voyagesD.It made its first DSDP voyage in 1968(5).The word “extracting“ underlined in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to _.（分数：2.00）A.breakingB.locatingC.removingD.analyzing(6).The Deep Sea Drilling P
27、roject was significant because it was _.（分数：2.00）A.an attempt to find new sources of oil and gasB.the first extensive exploration of the ocean bottomC.composed of geologists from all over the worldD.funded entirely by the gas and oil industry(7).The word “strength“ underlined in Paragraph 3 is close
28、st in meaning to _.（分数：2.00）A.basisB.purposeC.discoveryD.endurance(8).The word “they“ underlined in Paragraph 4 refers to _.（分数：2.00）A.yearsB.climatesC.sedimentsD.cores(9).Deep-ocean sediments provide better information about the world“s past climate because they _.（分数：2.00）A.are well protectedB.hav
29、e land-based evidenceC.are in isolationD.have a longer history(10).Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as being a result of the Deep Sea Drilling Project?（分数：2.00）A.Geologists were able to determine the Earth“s appearance hundreds of millions of years ago.B.Two geological theories
30、 became more widely accepted.C.Information was revealed about the Earth“s past climatic changes.D.Geologists observed forms of marine life never before seen.At the beginning of the twentieth century, North American society held, as an ideal，the Nuclear Family. This presumably perfect residential, so
31、cial, and economic unit consisted of an adult male, an adult female and their minor children. This structure was thought to be stable and long lasting. However, a few decades later, the structure of that ideal family was being altered radically even while it was being touted as the structure to be a
32、imed for. Popular magazines bemoaned the loss of the Nuclear Family and its replacement with inferior forms. There are a number of factors that are acting in concert to apply pressure on the Nuclear Family and generate a variety of new structures. Some of these are: The definition of marriage has ch
33、anged somewhat in that few people now consider it to last “until death do us part“. The concept of monogamy (the marriage of one man and one woman) has been modified to a form now referred to as serial monogamy (the marriage of one man and one woman at a time). This reflects the increasing equality
34、of women and men in terms of economic advantage and the recognition that many women no longer depend on men for their survival. Women are acquiring independence and have become empowered to make their own choices. With this independence, the need to form a relationship with a man becomes less import
35、ant. This change embodies the concept that the marriage is temporary and can be terminated by either partner at any time. Associated with this, of course, is the relaxation of the divorce laws and the significant reduction of the shame that had one time been attached to divorce The economy of North
36、America has resulted in a two-tier system of a few rich who control most of the resources and a large portion of the population who control almost none of the resources. Because of this, many couples are forced to have both partners with full-time jobs outside the home. There are unintended byproduc
37、ts of the need for a double income. The most important of these is the replacement of a mother-oriented socialization of children to a “stranger-oriented“ socialization system reflected in the growth of the childcare industry. Also, either partner is financially able to end the marriage without sign
38、ificant hardship. The combination of these changes will in the coming decades have a profound effect on the structure of the family of North America. As a result, the family will be a fluid, constantly changing structure with variable household arrangements as the norm.（分数：20.00）(1).In the 1910s mos
39、t North Americans believed that the Nuclear Family _.（分数：2.00）A.wouldn“t last longB.was the normal family structureC.had no social and economic basisD.was unworthy(2).What happened to the Nuclear Family in the middle Of the twentieth century?（分数：2.00）A.It changed greatly.B.It was criticized.C.It rem
40、ained a normal structure.D.It was lost.(3).In the middle of the twentieth century, people in North America _.（分数：2.00）A.were tired of the Nuclear FamilyB.wanted to give up the Nuclear FamilyC.believed that the Nuclear Family was hopefulD.were indifferent to the Nuclear Family(4).What has changed the
41、 Nuclear Family in North America?（分数：2.00）A.People have changed their ideas about marriage.B.Women become more independent.C.The economy is changing.D.All of the above factors are acting together.(5).What is the major factor that has raised the divorce rate in North America?（分数：2.00）A.The increasing
42、 equality of women.B.Relaxation of the divorce laws.C.The significant reduction of the shame on divorce.D.Men having more chances to know women.(6).In Paragraph 4, “until death do as part“ probably means remaining married _.（分数：2.00）A.until deathB.to the particular person until deathC.to one person
43、at a timeD.until one leaves(7).In Paragraph 5, “two-tier system“ means some _.（分数：2.00）A.men have many wives while others have noneB.people are very rich while others are very poorC.people have too much work to do while others have nothing to doD.people control others(8).Many wives work outside thei
44、r home because they _.（分数：2.00）A.want to be independentB.don“t want to stay at homeC.don“t have to take care of their childrenD.want to make money for their home(9).“Stranger-oriented“ socialization system“ in Paragraph 5 probably means _.（分数：2.00）A.strangers come home to take care of childrenB.neig
45、hbors don“t know each otherC.mothers work outside their home and become strange to their childrenD.children become strange to their parents(10).The author“s purpose is to _.（分数：2.00）A.give the basic facts of marriage in North AmericaB.explain the reasons why the divorce rate is high in North America
46、C.introduce why both husband and wife have to work outside their homeD.give a picture of family structural change in North AmericaSeeking to build support among black families for its education reform law, the Bush administration paid a prominent black pundit $240,000 to promote the law on his natio
47、nally syndicated television show and to urge other black journalists to do the same. The campaign, part of an effort to promote No Child Left Behind (NCLB), required commentator Armstrong Williams “to regularly comment on NCLB during the course of his broadcasts,“ and to interview Education Secretar
48、y Rod Paige for TV and radio spots that were aired during the show in 2004. Williams said Thursday he understands that critics could find the arrangement unethical, but “I wanted to do it because it“s something I believe in.“ The top Democrat on the House Education Committee, Rep. George Miller of C
49、alifornia, called the contract “a very questionable use of taxpayers“money“ that is “probably illegal“. The contract, detailed in documents obtained by USA TODAY through a Freedom of Information Act request, also shows that the Education Department, through the Ketchum public relations firm, arranged with Williams to use contacts with America“s Black Forum, a group of black broadcast journalists, “to encourage the producers to periodically address“ NCLB. He persua
