1、翻译二级笔译综合能力分类模拟题 29 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Cloze Test(总题数：3，分数：100.00)Culture is activity of thought, and receptiveness to beauty and humane feeling. 1 of information have nothing to do with it. A merely well-informed man is the most useless 2 on God“s earth. What we should 3 at producing is me
2、n who 4 both culture and expert knowledge in some special direction. Their expert knowledge will give them the ground to start 5 , and their culture will lead them as 6 as philosophy and as high as 7 . We have to remember that the valuable 8 development is self-development, and that it 9 takes place
3、 between the ages of sixteen and thirty. As to training, the most important part is given by mothers before the age of twelve. In training a child to activity of thought, above all things we must 10 of what I will call “inert ideas“that is to say, ideas that are merely 11 into the mind without being
4、 12 , or tested, or thrown into fresh combinations. In the history of education, the most 13 phenomenon is that schools of learning, which at one epoch are alive with a craze for genius, in a 14 generation exhibit merely pedantry and routine. The reason is that they are overladen with inert ideas. E
5、xcept at 15 intervals of intellectual motivation, education in the past has been radically 16 with inert ideas. That is the reason why 17 clever women, who have seen much of the world, are in middle life so much the most cultured part of the community. They have been saved from this horrible 18 of i
6、nert ideas. Every intellectual revolution which has ever stirred humanity 19 greatness has been a 20 protest against inert ideas.（分数：30.00）A.ChipsB.ScrapsC.FractionsD.PlatesA.boreB.ironyC.snobD.gutA.pointB.aimC.clutchD.snapA.identifyB.occupyC.possessD.ensureA.withB.fromC.intoD.beyondA.linearB.deepC.
7、militantD.oddA.zoomB.artC.rapD.pollA.rationalB.physiologicalC.divineD.intellectualA.mostlyB.randomlyC.seldomD.regularlyA.bewareB.disposeC.ensureD.boastA.containedB.receivedC.squeezedD.embeddedA.utilizedB.assessedC.gaugedD.gearedA.integralB.classicalC.obscureD.strikingA.succeedingB.precedingC.accompa
8、nyingD.emergingA.rareB.minorC.scarceD.regularA.infectedB.influencedC.instructedD.endowedA.unrefinedB.unintendedC.unrestrainedD.uneducatedA.loadB.burdenC.gapD.spanA.offB.onC.intoD.withA.violentB.passionateC.exemptD.idealisticThe great chariot of society, which for so long had run down the gentle slop
9、e of tradition, now found itself powered by an internal combustion engine. Transactions and gain 21 a new and startling 22 force. What forces could have been 23 powerful to smash a comfortable and 24 world and institute in its place this new society? There was no single massive 25 . It was not great
10、 events, single adventures, individual laws, or charming 26 which 27 about the economic revolution. It was a process of internal growth. First, there was the gradual emergence of national political 28 in Europe. A second great current of change was to be found in the slow decay of the religious spir
11、it under the 29 of the skeptical, inquiring, humanist views of the Italian Renaissance. Still another 30 current lies in the slow social changes that eventually 31 the market system possible. In the 32 of this change, power naturally began to gravitate into the hands of those who understood money ma
12、tters-the merchants. Perhaps most important of all in the pervasiveness of its effect was a rise in scientific curiosity. 33 the world would wait until the age of Adam Smith for its 34 burst of technology, the Industrial Revolution could net have taken place had not the ground been prepared 35 a suc
13、cession of basic sub-industrial discoveries. No single one of these currents, acting by itself, could have turned society 36 . Indeed, many of them may have been as much the 37 as the causes of a great convulsion in human organization. History turns no 38 corners, and the whole vast upheaval sprawle
14、d out over time. Evidences of the market way of life sprang up side by side with older traditional ways, and remnants of the former day 39 long after the market had for all practical purposes taken over the 40 principle of economic organization.（分数：30.00）A.cateredB.createdC.ebbedD.tradedA.entityB.fa
15、ctorC.featD.motiveA.sufficientlyB.thoroughlyC.efficientlyD.constructivelyA.fosteredB.fumedC.establishedD.updatedA.lureB.causeC.replyD.reasonA.integritiesB.personalitiesC.majestiesD.monarchiesA.complainedB.speculatedC.arguedD.broughtA.issuesB.eventsC.situationsD.incidentsA.originB.mythC.impactD.suspe
16、ctA.profoundB.monetaryC.perplexingD.momentaryA.changedB.setC.renderedD.turnedA.routeB.courseC.processD.wakeA.ThoughB.SupposingC.WhereasD.ProvidedA.radicalB.optionalC.radiantD.patheticA.inB.onC.forD.byA.prejudice-freeB.upside-downC.worldly-wiseD.accident-proneA.effectsB.rootsC.outcomesD.sparksA.progr
17、essiveB.corruptC.distributiveD.abruptA.persistedB.subsistedC.assistedD.insistedA.demandingB.promisingC.bindingD.guidingConsumers and producers obviously make decisions that mold the economy, but there is a third major 41 to consider the role of government. Government has a powerful 42 on the economy
18、 in at least four ways: Direct Services. The postal system, for example, is a federal system 43 the entire nation, as is the large and complex establishment. Conversely, the construction and 44 of most highways the 45 of the individual states, and the public educational systems, despite a large fund
19、ing role by the federal government, are primarily 46 for by country or city governments. Police and fire protection and sanitation 47 are also the responsibilities of local government. Regulation and Control. The government regulates and controls private 48 in many ways, for the 49 of assuring that
20、business serves the best 50 of the people as a whole. Regulation is necessary in areas where private enterprise is granted a 51 , such as in telephone or electric service. Public policy permits such companies to make a reasonable 52 , but limits their ability to raise prices 53 , since the public de
21、pends on their services. Often control is 54 to protect the public, as for example, when the Food and Drug Administration bans harmful drugs, or requires standards of 55 in food. In other industries, government sets guidelines to ensure fair competition without using direct control. Stabilization an
22、d Growth. Branches of government, including Congress and such entities as the Federal Reserve Board. attempt to control the extremes of boom and bust, of inflation and depression, by 56 tax rates, the money supply, and the use of credit. They can also 57 the economy through changes in the amount of
23、public spending by the government itself. Direct Assistance. The government provides many kinds of help to 58 and individuals. For example, tariffs 59 certain products to remain relatively free of foreign competition; imports are sometimes taxed so that American products are able to 60 better with c
24、ertain foreign goods. In quite a different area, government supports individuals who cannot adequately care for themselves, by making grants to working parents with dependent children, by providing medical care For the aged and the indigent, and through social welfare system.（分数：40.00）A.economyB.hor
25、rorC.magnifierD.elementA.elevationB.emotionC.effectD.electionA.drippingB.servingC.divergingD.clampingA.clearanceB.combustionC.commenceD.maintenanceA.commonplaceB.responsibilityC.conductivityD.consequenceA.consoledB.compactedC.paidD.bracketedA.servicesB.boycottsC.budgetsD.chartersA.banquetB.boomC.are
26、naD.enterpriseA.assertionB.purposeC.assetD.assumptionA.admirationB.interestsC.adoptionD.accuracyA.monopolyB.acceptanceC.abolitionD.moralityA.proximityB.blendC.breastD.profitA.fairlyB.unfairlyC.friendlyD.unnecessarilyA.exercisedB.broadenedC.bankruptedD.exemplifiedA.facultyB.quantityC.qualityD.fragmen
27、tA.applaudingB.assessingC.ascendingD.adjustingA.affectB.accommodateC.adhereD.affirmA.beverageB.businessesC.bondageD.botanyA.perplexB.permitC.perturbD.plunderA.compensateB.confrontC.consoleD.compete翻译二级笔译综合能力分类模拟题 29 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Cloze Test(总题数：3，分数：100.00)Culture is activity of though
28、t, and receptiveness to beauty and humane feeling. 1 of information have nothing to do with it. A merely well-informed man is the most useless 2 on God“s earth. What we should 3 at producing is men who 4 both culture and expert knowledge in some special direction. Their expert knowledge will give th
29、em the ground to start 5 , and their culture will lead them as 6 as philosophy and as high as 7 . We have to remember that the valuable 8 development is self-development, and that it 9 takes place between the ages of sixteen and thirty. As to training, the most important part is given by mothers bef
30、ore the age of twelve. In training a child to activity of thought, above all things we must 10 of what I will call “inert ideas“that is to say, ideas that are merely 11 into the mind without being 12 , or tested, or thrown into fresh combinations. In the history of education, the most 13 phenomenon
31、is that schools of learning, which at one epoch are alive with a craze for genius, in a 14 generation exhibit merely pedantry and routine. The reason is that they are overladen with inert ideas. Except at 15 intervals of intellectual motivation, education in the past has been radically 16 with inert
32、 ideas. That is the reason why 17 clever women, who have seen much of the world, are in middle life so much the most cultured part of the community. They have been saved from this horrible 18 of inert ideas. Every intellectual revolution which has ever stirred humanity 19 greatness has been a 20 pro
33、test against inert ideas.（分数：30.00）A.ChipsB.Scraps C.FractionsD.Plates解析：解析 “碎片”。scrap 意为“碎片、零屑、小块”，常含有“废品、破烂”的意味，常用于短语“scraps of”中。根据原文：“have nothing to do with it”，可见这种零碎的信息是无用的、废弃的信息，所以选择“scrap of”。而 A 选项“chip 指从木头、玻璃、石头等物质上削下或碰下来的碎片，体积很小”，C 选项“碎片，小部分，一点儿；分数”，D 选项“plate 多指面积大的，薄而平的金属板或玻璃板，常作建筑材料，
34、机器部件或保护物。”均不符合题意。A.bore B.ironyC.snobD.gut解析：解析 “讨厌的人，麻烦事”。根据原文，“bore”与上文提到的“humane 仁爱的；人道的”形成对比。而 B 选项“反语；讽刺”，C 选项“势利的人；谄上欺下的人；自命不凡者”，D 选项“下消化道，肠；胃；消化道；狭水道，狭海峡，冲沟；狭道，隘路”均不符合题意。A.pointB.aim C.clutchD.snap解析：解析 “aim at doing 目的在于；旨在”。本题考查词组搭配。根据原文第一句“Culture is activity of thought, and receptiveness
35、to beauty and humane feeling”形成一种呼应，进一步论证学习文化的目的。而 A 选项“point at/to 指向，表明”，C 选项“抓住，攫住，掌握”；clutch at“企图抓住”D 选项“snap out of 迅速从中恢复过来；snap up 抢购；抢先弄到手”均不符合题意。A.identifyB.occupyC.possess D.ensure解析：解析 “拥有；占有”。根据原文意思：“人类在一些特殊的方面拥有文化和熟练的知识”，所以选择“possess”。而 A 选项“识别，鉴别；identify with 把和看成一样，打成一片”，B选项“占，占用；占据
36、，占领；使忙碌，使从事”，D 选项“确保，保证”均不符合题意。A.withB.from C.intoD.beyond解析：解析 “from 从”。根据原文，“start from”与“ground”形成搭配，即：“他们熟练的知识提供给了他们一个开始的基点”，所以选择“from”。而 A 选项“with”，C 选项“into”，D 选项“beyond”均不符合原文意思。A.linearB.deep C.militantD.odd解析：解析 “deep”。根据文章第一句中的“thought 思想”和原文意思“他们的文化将引导他们(的思想)犹如哲学一样的深刻”，所以选择“deep”。而 A 选项“线
37、的；直线的”，C 选项“好战的；态度硬的”，D 选项“奇怪的；古怪的”均不符合原文意思。A.zoomB.art C.rapD.poll解析：解析 “艺术；美术”。根据文章一致性原则，“art”与文章第一句中的“beauty 美丽；美的事物”形成呼应。而 A 选项“飞驰；(飞机)陡直上升；嗡嗡声”，C 选项“轻敲”，D 选项“民意测验；(pl)政治选举，大选”均是本题的干扰，不符合题意。A.rationalB.physiologicalC.divineD.intellectual 解析：解析 “智力的”。根据文章的一致性，“intellectual”与“thought 思想”和“philosop
38、hy哲学”形成呼应。而 A 选项“理智的；合理的；有理性的”，B 选项“生理(上)的”，C 选项“神圣的；非凡的；神的”均不符合题意。A.mostly B.randomlyC.seldomD.regularly解析：解析 “大部分；主要地”。根据本句中的“between the age of sixteen and thirty”以及第三段的“in middle life so much the most.”，可见这种情况“大多数”发生在 16 岁到 30 岁之间。而 D 选项“at random 随便地；任意地”，C 选项“很少；不常”，D 选项“定期地；有规则地”均不符合题意。A.bewa
39、re B.disposeC.ensureD.boast解析：解析 “beware of 注意；当心；小心”。“beware of”与上文提到的“receptiveness 接受”以及下文提出的“inert ideas 惰性思想”形成一种搭配，表达的是一种心理状态。而 B 选项“dispose of 处理，处置；dispose for 布置，安排”，C 选项“确保，保证”，D 选项“boast of/about 自夸，夸耀”均不符合题意。A.containedB.received C.squeezedD.embedded解析：解析 “接收；接受”。根据文章一致性原则，“receive”与上文提到
40、的“。receptiveness 接受”一致。而 A 选项“含有；容纳”，C 选项“压榨；虐待；压迫”，D 选项“埋入；嵌于；插入”均不形成一致性，不符合题意。A.utilized B.assessedC.gaugedD.geared解析：解析 “利用”。根据上下文，“utilize”与上文提到的“useless 无用的；无益的”形成对比。而 B 选项“(准确地)估计”，C 选项“估计，判断，计量，度量”，D 选项“gear to 调整，适合”均不符合原文意思。A.integralB.classicalC.obscureD.striking 解析：解析 “惊人的；震惊的”。本题考查词义辨析。根
41、据下文的论述内容可知，这是一种“惊人的”“phenomenon”，所以选择“stl5king”。而 A 选项“完整的；整体的”，B 选项“古典的；经典的”，C 选项“偏僻的；阴暗的”均不符合原文意思。A.succeeding B.precedingC.accompanyingD.emerging解析：解析 “后继的；随后的”。根据文章一致性原则，“succeeding generation”与上文提到的“at one epoch”形成呼应。而 B 选项“优先的；在先的；先前的”，C 选项“随同的”，D 选项“出现的；显露的”均不符合题意。A.rare B.minorC.scarceD.regu
42、lar解析：解析 “少有”。根据上下文意思：“原因是他们的内心思想负担太多了。除了在少有的智力动机的间缝里，”所以选择“rare”。而 B 选项“次要的；较小的”，C 选项“缺乏的；不足的”，D选项“定期的；有规律的；常规的”均不符合原文意思。A.infected B.influencedC.instructedD.endowed解析：解析 “传染；感染”。根据原文意思：“在过去，教育基本上是受内心思想感染的。”而且作者在这里表达的是一种消极的态度，所以选择“infect”。而 B 选项“influence 多指对某人的思想、行为、性格等产生的潜移默化的、使之逐渐改变的影响”，C 选项“ins
43、truct 正式用词，强调系统、详细、精心地传授专门化的知识”，D 选项“endow with 给予，赋予，认为具有某种特质”均不符合原文意思。A.unrefinedB.unintendedC.unrestrainedD.uneducated 解析：解析 “未受教育的；无知识的”。根据上下文，“uneducated”与上文提到的“education 教育”和“training 训练；培训；锻炼”形成对比。而 A 选项“未精制的；未提炼的”，B 选项“出乎意料的”，C 选项“无拘束的”均不形成对比，不符合题意。A.loadB.burden C.gapD.span解析：解析 “担子；负担；重担；责
44、任”。根据文章一致性原则，“burden”与“are overladen with 负担过重的；负担过多的”构成呼应。而 A 选项“load 装载(量)，负荷(量)；(一)担，(一)车；原义指车、船、飞机、人或动物的负荷物，引申义指工作或精神上的负担，未必很繁重”，C 选项“gap 间隙，缺口”，D 选项“span 跨度，跨距”均不符合题意。A.offB.onC.into D.with解析：解析 “stir into 把搅拌进”。本题考查词组搭配。根据原文意思：“每一个智力的改革都曾经把人性推祟到伟大上去了。”而 A 选项“off”，B 选项“on”，D 选项“with”均无此搭配，不符合题意
45、。A.violentB.passionate C.exemptD.idealistic解析：解析 “热情的；感情强烈的”。“passionate”表达的是一种心理状态。而 A 选项“violent猛烈的，激烈的；暴力引起的，强暴的”，C 选项“exempt 被免除(义务、责任等)的，被豁免的”，D 选项“idealistic 理想主义的；不切实际的；唯心论的”均不符合题意。The great chariot of society, which for so long had run down the gentle slope of tradition, now found itself pow
46、ered by an internal combustion engine. Transactions and gain 21 a new and startling 22 force. What forces could have been 23 powerful to smash a comfortable and 24 world and institute in its place this new society? There was no single massive 25 . It was not great events, single adventures, individu
47、al laws, or charming 26 which 27 about the economic revolution. It was a process of internal growth. First, there was the gradual emergence of national political 28 in Europe. A second great current of change was to be found in the slow decay of the religious spirit under the 29 of the skeptical, in
48、quiring, humanist views of the Italian Renaissance. Still another 30 current lies in the slow social changes that eventually 31 the market system possible. In the 32 of this change, power naturally began to gravitate into the hands of those who understood money matters-the merchants. Perhaps most im
49、portant of all in the pervasiveness of its effect was a rise in scientific curiosity. 33 the world would wait until the age of Adam Smith for its 34 burst of technology, the Industrial Revolution could net have taken place had not the ground been prepared 35 a succession of basic sub-industrial discoveries. No single one of these currents, acting by itself, could have turned society 36 . Indeed, many of them may have been as much the 37 as the causes of a great convulsion in human organization. History turns n
