1、翻译二级笔译综合能力分类模拟题 68 及答案解析(总分：29.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、 Reading Comprehens(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Most people would be impressed by the high quality of medicine available to most Americans. There is a lot of specialization , a great deal of attention to the individual, a vast amount of advanced technical equipment,
2、 and intense effort not to make mistakes because of the financial risk which doctors and hospitals must face in the courts if they handle things badly. But the Americans are in a mess . The problem is the way in which health care is organized and financed. Contrary to public belief, it is not just a
3、 free competition system. To the private system has been joined a large public system, because private care was simply not looking after the less fortunate and the elderly. But even with this huge public part of the system, which this year will eat up 84. 5 billion dollarsmore than 10 percent of the
4、 U.S. budgetlarge numbers of Americans are left out . These include about half the 11 million unemployed and those who fail to meet the strict limits on income fixed by a government trying to make savings where it can. The basic problem, however, is that there is no central control over the health s
5、ystem. There is no limit to what doctors and hospitals charge for their services, other than what the public is able to pay. The number of doctors has shot up and prices have climbed. When faced with toothache, a sick child, or a heart attack, all the unfortunate person concerned can do is pay up. T
6、wo-thirds of the population are covered by medical insurance. Doctors charge as much as they want knowing that the insurance company will pay the bill. The medical profession has as a result become America“s new big businessmen. The average income of doctors has now reached $ 100,000 a year. With su
7、ch vast incomes the talk in the doctor“s surgery is as likely to be about the doctor“s latest financial deal, as about whether the minor operation he is recommending at, several thousand dollars is entirely necessary. The rising cost of medicine in the U. S.A. is among the most worrying problem faci
8、ng the country. In 1981 the country“s health cost climbed 15.9 percentabout twice as fast as prices in general.（分数：10.00）(1).In the U. S. patients can expect, in medical treatment, _.（分数：1.00）A.occasional mistakes by careless doctorsB.a great deal of personal attentionC.low charge by doctors and hos
9、pitalsD.slacking nurses and bad services(2).The word “specialization“ underlined in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to _.（分数：1.00）A.restrictionB.classC.standardD.norm(3).Doctors and hospitals try hard to avoid making mistakes because _.（分数：1.00）A.they fear to be sued by the patientsB.they care muc
10、h about their reputationC.they compete for getting more patientsD.they wish to join the private medical system(4).The phase“ in a mess“ underlined in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to _.（分数：1.00）A.in disorderB.untidyC.uncleanD.chaotic(5).What do Most Americans think about health care in the U. S.
11、?（分数：1.00）A.It must be in total chaos.B.It must be a free competition system.C.It should cover the unemployed.D.It should involve private care.(6).The phase “left out“ underlined in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to _.（分数：1.00）A.ignoreB.considerC.eliminateD.debar(7).From Paragraph 3 we know that
12、_ from the public health system.（分数：1.00）A.millions of jobless people get supportB.those with steady income do not seek helpC.some people are made ineligible to benefitD.those with private health care are excluded(8).According to the author, what is the key factor in the rise of health cost in the U
13、. S.?（分数：1.00）A.The refusal of insurance companies to pay the bills.B.The increase of the number of doctors and hospitals.C.The lack of government control over the medical prices.D.The merger of private health care with the public system.(9).The word “they“ underlined in Paragraph 5 refers to _.（分数：
14、1.00）A.doctorsB.moneyC.populationD.patients(10).It is implied that American doctors often _.（分数：1.00）A.trade their professionalism for financial benefitsB.fail to recognize the paying power of the patientsC.discuss about how to make money during the surgeryD.give the patients expensive but needless
15、treatments二、 Cloze Test(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Holiday BluesFor most of us, the purpose of the holidays is to bring peace, love and goodwill towards all. Yet, for many, the holiday season often means stress, fatigue, pressure, disappointment and loneliness. These feelings, often known as the “holiday blues,
16、“ may be even more 1 this year, due to the emotional turmoil of the past few months, not to 2 the unsteady economy. Experts say even the more ritual tasks of shopping, 3 , late-night parties, cooking, planning and family 4 can be holiday stressors. In addition, the psychological phenomenon known as
17、5 affective disorder, or SAD, may bring a specific type of depression 6 to winter“s shorter days and longer nights. “Certainly just because it“s the 7 which doesn“t mean people are going to be happy,“ says Dr. Doug Jacobs of Harvard University. “And 8 will be a particularly hard holiday for some who
18、 are dealing with a 9 job, debt, or even a lost loved one.“ And with family reunions becoming less frequent 10 over the years, there is now the added pressure of getting just one 11 to get it all right. “Families are much more disparate now,“ says John Stutsman, a 12 psychologist at Northwestern Mem
19、orial Hospital in Chicago. The 13 and sense of alienation that often results from family gatherings, he 14 , is actually a realization that “the fantasy is not met.“ Still, say experts, the 15 should be addressed. The most essential step, says Stutsman, is for the individuals to 16 their feelings an
20、d the reason for their withdrawal. “Denial will only 17 the stress they“re feeling.“ Stutsman also advises that 18 “avoidance is actually not such a bad idea.“ In some situations, fulfilling social 19 “may be self-destructive when the best thing may be to just stay home.“ The healthy 20 has to do wi
21、th taking care of oneself.（分数：20.00）三、 Writing(总题数：1，分数：-1.00)1.Read the following English passage and then write a Chinese summary of approximately 300 words that expresses its main ideas and basic information. Deceptively small in column inches, a recent New York Times article holds large meaning
22、for us in business. The item concerned one Daniel Provenzano, 38, of Upper Saddle River, N.J. Here is the relevant portion: When he owned a Fort Lee printing company called Advice Inc., Mr. Provenzano said he found out that a sales representative he employed had stolen $9,000. Mr. Provenzano said he
23、 told the man that “if he wanted to keep his employment, I would have to break his thumb.“ He said another Advice employee drove the sales representative to Holy Name Hospital in Teaneck, broke the thumb with a hammer outside the hospital, and then had a car service take the man home after the thumb
24、 was repaired. Mr. Provenzano explained that he “didn“t want to set an example“ that workers could get away with stealing. The worker eventually paid back $4,500 and kept his job, he said. I know that you“re thinking: This is an outrage. I, too, was shocked that Provenzano was being prosecuted for h
25、is astute management. Indeed, I think his “modest proposal“ has a lot to teach managers as they struggle with the problems of our people-centered business environment. Problems such as Dealing with the bottom 10%. GE made the system famous, but plenty of companies are using it: Every year you get ri
26、d of the worst-evaluated workers. Many managers object that this practice is inhumane, but not dealing with that bottom 10% leads to big performance problems. Provenzano found a kinder, gentler answer. After all, this employee would have been fired virtually anywhere else. But at Advice Inc., he sta
27、yed on the job. And you know what? I bet he became a very, veryveryproductive employee. For most managers Provenzano“s innovative response will be a welcome new addition to their executive tool kit. And by the way, “executive tool kit“ is clearly more than just a metaphor at Advice Inc. Being the em
28、ployer of choice. With top talent scarce everywhere, most companies now want to be their industry“s or their community“s most desirable employer. Advice Inc. understood. The employee in question wasn“t simply disciplined in his supervisor“s office and sent home. No, that“s how an ordinary employer w
29、ould have done it. But at Advice Inc., another employeethe HR manager, perhaps? took time out his busy day and drove the guy right to the emergency room. And thenthe detail that says it allthe company provided a car service to drive the employee home. The message to talented job candidates comes thr
30、ough loud and clear: Advice Inc. is a company that cares. Setting an example to others. An eternal problem for managers is how to let all employees know what happens to those who perform especially well or badly. A few companies actually post everyone“s salary and bonus on their intranet. But pay is
31、 so one-dimensional. At Advice Inc., a problem that would hardly be mentioned at most companiesembezzlement was undoubtedly the topic of rich discussions for weeks, at least until the employee“s cast came off. Any employee theft probably went way, waywaydown. When the great Roberto Goizueta was CEO
32、of Coca-Cola he used to talk about this problem of setting examples and once observed, “Sometimes you must have an execution in the public square!“ But of course he was speaking only figuratively. If he had just listened to his own words, Goizueta might have been an even better CEO. Differentiation.
33、 This is one of Jack Welch“ s favorite conceptsthe idea that managers should treat different employees very differently based on performance. Welch liked to differentiate with salary, bonus, and stock options, but now, in what must henceforth be known as the post-Provenzano management era, we can se
34、e that GE“s great management thinker just wasn“t thinking big enough. This Times article is tantalizing and frustrating. In just a few sentences it opens a whole new world of management, yet much more surely remains to be told. We must all urge Provenzano to write a book explaining his complete mana
35、gerial philosophy. （分数：-1.00）_翻译二级笔译综合能力分类模拟题 68 答案解析(总分：29.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、 Reading Comprehens(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Most people would be impressed by the high quality of medicine available to most Americans. There is a lot of specialization , a great deal of attention to the individual, a vast amount of
36、advanced technical equipment, and intense effort not to make mistakes because of the financial risk which doctors and hospitals must face in the courts if they handle things badly. But the Americans are in a mess . The problem is the way in which health care is organized and financed. Contrary to pu
37、blic belief, it is not just a free competition system. To the private system has been joined a large public system, because private care was simply not looking after the less fortunate and the elderly. But even with this huge public part of the system, which this year will eat up 84. 5 billion dolla
38、rsmore than 10 percent of the U.S. budgetlarge numbers of Americans are left out . These include about half the 11 million unemployed and those who fail to meet the strict limits on income fixed by a government trying to make savings where it can. The basic problem, however, is that there is no cent
39、ral control over the health system. There is no limit to what doctors and hospitals charge for their services, other than what the public is able to pay. The number of doctors has shot up and prices have climbed. When faced with toothache, a sick child, or a heart attack, all the unfortunate person
40、concerned can do is pay up. Two-thirds of the population are covered by medical insurance. Doctors charge as much as they want knowing that the insurance company will pay the bill. The medical profession has as a result become America“s new big businessmen. The average income of doctors has now reac
41、hed $ 100,000 a year. With such vast incomes the talk in the doctor“s surgery is as likely to be about the doctor“s latest financial deal, as about whether the minor operation he is recommending at, several thousand dollars is entirely necessary. The rising cost of medicine in the U. S.A. is among t
42、he most worrying problem facing the country. In 1981 the country“s health cost climbed 15.9 percentabout twice as fast as prices in general.（分数：10.00）(1).In the U. S. patients can expect, in medical treatment, _.（分数：1.00）A.occasional mistakes by careless doctorsB.a great deal of personal attention C
43、.low charge by doctors and hospitalsD.slacking nurses and bad services解析：解析 根据文中第一段的内容“There is a lot of specialization, a great deal of attention to the individual, a vast amount of advanced technical equipment”可知，B 项“a great deal of personal attention 很多个人护理”符合题意。A 项“粗心医生偶然的错误”，第一段提到医院有专业化的团队，为避免错
44、误不遗余力，所以 A 项说法不正确；C 项“医生和医院的低收费”，文中提到大部分医疗费用由保险公司支付，所以医院收费很高，由此 C 项错误；D 项“松散的护士和劣质的服务”，第一段说病人能得到医院高质量的关怀，所以说服务劣质也不符合文意，所以这三项都排除。(2).The word “specialization“ underlined in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to _.（分数：1.00）A.restriction B.classC.standardD.norm解析：解析 根据文中第一段的内容“There is a lot of speciali
45、zation”可知，有很多限制。选项中的 A 项为“限定，限制”符合文意。B 项“等级”，C 项“标准”，D 项“准则”，这三项均不符合题意。(3).Doctors and hospitals try hard to avoid making mistakes because _.（分数：1.00）A.they fear to be sued by the patients B.they care much about their reputationC.they compete for getting more patientsD.they wish to join the private
46、medical system解析：解析 根据文中第一段的内容“and intense effort not to make mistakes because of the financial risk which doctors and hospitals must face in the coups if they handle things badly.”可知，一旦医生和医院处理事情不当，他们将在法庭上面临财务风险，所以 A 项“他们害怕被病人控告”符合题意。B 项“他们很在意他们的名誉”，C 项“他们竞争得到更多的病人”，D 项“他们想加入私人医疗体系”，这三项和第一段内容不符合。(4)
47、.The phase“ in a mess“ underlined in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to _.（分数：1.00）A.in disorder B.untidyC.uncleanD.chaotic解析：解析 根据文中第二段的内容“But the Americans are in a mess”可知，但在美国一片混乱。选项中的 A 项为“无秩序的，混乱的”符合文意。B 项“不整洁的”，C 项“不干净的”，D 项“混沌的”，这三项均不符合题意。(5).What do Most Americans think about health care
48、in the U. S.?（分数：1.00）A.It must be in total chaos.B.It must be a free competition system. C.It should cover the unemployed.D.It should involve private care.解析：解析 根据文中第二段的内容“Contrary to public belief, it is not just a free competition system.和公众的信念相反，美国的医疗体系不是一个公平竞争的体系”可知，公众认为它是一个自由竞争体系，所以 B 项符合题意。A
49、项“它一定处在一片混乱中”，C 项“它应该覆盖失业人员”，D 项“它应该包含私人护理”，这三项和文中第二段内容不符合。(6).The phase “left out“ underlined in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to _.（分数：1.00）A.ignore B.considerC.eliminateD.debar解析：解析 根据文中第三段的内容“large numbers of Americans are left out”可知，大部分美国人被忽视了。选项中的 A 项为“忽视，忽略”符合文意。B 项“考虑”，C 项“排除，消除”，D 项“防止，禁止”，这三项均不符合题意。(7).From Paragraph 3 we know that _ from the public health system.（分数：1.00）A.millions o
