1、公共英语四级-40 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Reading(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Part A(总题数：1，分数：30.00)In the years after World War , Americans typically assumed the full responsibilities of adulthood by their late teens or early 20s. Most young men had 1 school and were working fulltime, and most young women
2、 were 2 and raising children. People who grew 3 in this era of growing affluence were economically self-sufficient and able to take care of others by the time they had weathered adolescence. Today, adulthood no longer 4 when adolescence ends. Social scientists are beginning to recognize a new phase
3、of life: early adulthood. Some features of this stage resemble coming of age 5 the late 19th and early 20th centuries, 6 youth lingered in a state of semi-autonomy, waiting 7 they were sufficiently well-off to marry, have children and establish an independent 8 . However, there are important differe
4、nces 9 how young people today define and achieve adulthood from those of both the recent and the more distant past. This new stage is not merely an extension of adolescence, 10 has been maintained in the mass media. Young adults are physically mature and often 11 impressive intellectual, social and
5、psychological skills. Nor are young people today reluctant to accept adult responsibilities. Instead, they are busy 12 up their educational credentials and practical skills in an ever more demanding labor market. Yet, many have not become fully adult, 13 they are not ready, or perhaps not permitted,
6、 to do 14 . For a growing number, this will not happen until their late 20s or even early 30s. In 15 , American society will have to revise upward the “normal“ age of full adulthood, and develop ways to assist young people through the ever-lengthening transition.（分数：30.00）三、Part B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Te
7、xt 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)In the last 30 years, science and technology have had a truly dramatic impact on sports. There are three major reasons for this. First, new artificial materials have appeared and been used in many sportssometimes to revolutionary effect. Second, our design expertise has improved,
8、 partly through the development of computers and other technical tools. We know more and can plan and predict more accurately in many critical areas. The third reason why science and technology have had an increasing impact is that there is now the money and the motivation for them to do so. In a va
9、riety of ways, sport has become very big business, and in the matter of winning or losing, very large amounts of money may be at stake. Technology has influenced specific sports in many ways. Wherever a commercial mass market is involved, technical change may be promoted largely for the sake of chan
10、ge, to make this season“s product seem different from that of last season. An example of this trend is in the endless search for the perfect sports shoe. Anatomically precise support for the heel and ankle, air sacs for extra spring and comfort each year bring apparent new refinements. Even in retir
11、ement, basketball“s Michael Jordan remains one of sport“s biggest earners because of the deal he signed endorsing the Air Jordan shoe; and one of the richest sportspeople of all, though his winnings these days are minimal, is the veteran golfer Arnold Palmer, thanks to his endorsements of the latest
12、 in golf technology. More significant still in modem sports have been more general effects of technological advance. It has provided the means for timing athletes to thousandths of a secondand the means of replaying an event to check who won or to see if a break-rule occurred. It has put sport on te
13、levision, so millions can watch without moving from their own homes. It has provided the means for testing for illegal drugs. It has also, for better or worse, given sportsmen and women a new attitude towards their own bodiesencouraged also by the high stakes, the sponsorship and the fevered media a
14、ttention. Technology helps them plan the best diet and exercise regimes; it has created heart and lung monitors that measure stress and oxygen intake; and it allows athletes to keep a constant check on their own physical problems and progress. In terms of nutrition (fuel) and training (maintenance),
15、 the modem sportsperson is treatedand treats himself or herselflike a machine.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the author, sport has become very big business in the sense that（分数：2.00）A.it needs high-tech materials.B.it requires business management.C.it involves the wide use of computers.D.it seems a matt
16、er of big money.(2).The example of sports shoes suggests that the technological advances in modem sports are（分数：2.00）A.encouraged by commercial interests.B.supported by famous sportspeople.C.attributed to basketball performance.D.subjected to computer technology.(3).The text suggests that some of th
17、e rich sportsmen（分数：2.00）A.cooperate with companies to develop high-tech sports products.B.are interested in promoting the development of science and technology.C.are selfishly earning money by promoting new sports products.D.play a positive role in promoting high-tech sports products.(4).By saying
18、“the modern sportsperson is.like a machine“, the author emphasizes the sense of（分数：2.00）A.rigidity.B.inhumanity.C.preciseness.D.automation.(5).The statement that best summarizes the text is（分数：2.00）A.sportspeople seek high-tech products for better performance.B.science and technology have played a s
19、ignificant role in sports.C.science and technology have helped improve the sports environment.D.some sportspeople have benefited financially from new technology.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Most of us Americans have a vague, uneasy sense of wicked wastefulness. We throw out the never-opened pack of food
20、that“s past its sell-by date before answering a call on the fourth mobile phone we have had in five years. We gaze around our living space groaning at the sheer quantity of little-used clothing, blocking it up like a blood clot in an arterial vein. Our despair is genuine at the way we are running ou
21、t of the earth“s resources and at the fact that we have so much when two-thirds of the world“s population only just get enough to eat and drink. Yet we feel completely powerless to do anything about it, too busy, irritable and tired to focus on practical steps. For the problem goes even deeper than
22、material wastefulness: We know we are wasting our time, our being, our lives. We have compromised in our choice of career, lovers, friends; we put on a face to meet the faces that we meet. Trapped in marketing characters, not only in our office politics but in our intimate relationships, too, we pla
23、y too many games. Deep down, we know that it“s time to “get a life“, to stop being distracted by pointless consumerism, unreal relationships, and “Affluenza-infected“ career ambitions. The first step to salvation is to understand how much it is not your fault. If you read Vance Packard“s 1958 book a
24、bout the advertising industry, The Hidden Persuaders , it proves that long ago retailers were devising ways to deliberately deceive us into confusing mixed wants with true needs in order to keep the consumption bandwagon rolling. In recent years, manufacturers have intentionally speeded up the rate
25、at which electronic goods become obsolescent and instead of the proper repair customer services that used to exist, there are merely expensive help-lines, When your toaster or printer or MP3 music device breaks down after only a year, it is no accident that there is no one who will repair them“it“d
26、cost more than buying a new one, love“. So this is a selfish capitalist system which is designed to maximize profits through rapid turnover of “newer, better“ goods that break down sooner and are designed to be irreparable. It“s not your fault! What you can do is withdraw as much as possible from th
27、e consumption game. Every time you are about to buy something ask yourself, “do I need this, or do I just want it?“（分数：10.00）(1).Most Americans, according to the author, feel uneasy about（分数：2.00）A.depending too much on modern technology.B.failing to solve problems in their lives.C.having too little
28、 living space.D.wasting too many resources.(2).By saying “we play too many games“, the author wants to show（分数：2.00）A.we are wasting our lives.B.we make too many mistakes.C.we do not take our life seriously.D.we are too busy enjoying ourselves.(3).To make ourselves feel better, we should first（分数：2.
29、00）A.figure out whom to blame for our excessive consumption.B.avoid making unnecessary purchases in our daily life.C.pick out misleading messages in the advertisement.D.exercise caution when making a big purchase.(4).We learn from Paragraph 5 that（分数：2.00）A.the quality of goods is getting worse rece
30、ntly.B.customers are more often misled nowadays.C.we are deceived into making a purchase.D.advertisers have become very clever.(5).The author advises us to buy（分数：2.00）A.more than we need.B.only what we want.C.more than we want.D.only what we need.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Susan Baroness Greenfield is
31、 a British institution . In a country that perceives its scientists as white-coated eccentrics, and probably male, Lady Greenfield is fashionable, extravagant, and female. At least, that is the image she has sought to project as a populariser of science. She is accused, though, of bringing another B
32、ritish institution, the Royal Institution (RI), to the verge of bankruptcy. The RI, of which she was director from 1998 until last Friday (January 8th), has made her job redundant. She says she plans to respond with a suit for sexual discrimination. Lady Greenfield, a neuroscientist at Oxford Univer
33、sity, was recruited to shake up the two-century-old institution because she had made a name for herself, particularly on television, as one of the popular faces of science. The RI is, in part, a members“ club famous for its Christmas lectures “adapted to a juvenile audience“, which are broadcast on
34、television every year, and its Friday evening discourses (black ties, please, gentlemen), in which prominent scientists chat about their work for precisely an hourno more and no lessbefore everyone is served tea and chocolate cake. But it is also a serious research laboratory (one of the longest-est
35、ablished in the world), looking into things like the medical applications of nanotechnology. Lady Greenfield“s offence, if offence it be, was to modernize the RI“s headquarters in Mayfair, one of the most stylish parts of London, without proper cost control. The redecoration included a high-class ba
36、r and restaurant that are open to the general public. Sadly, these opened for business in October 2008the least favorable moment imaginable for such a venture. The redecoration, which cost 22m, much of which was raised by selling the institution“s shares of property, has left the RI 3m in debt, and
37、the trustees have decided that one way to cut costs is to cut the job of director. Lady Greenfield, the first female director in a line that stretches back through Michael Faraday to Humphry Davy, seems to suspect that financial considerations were not the only ones when this decision was made. Inst
38、ead of a director, the RI is to be led by a newly-invented chief executive officer, in the person of Chris Rofe. Mr. Rofe, who was appointed in April 2009, has a degree in business administration, not science. Given the debt, though, perhaps an alchemist, a person who devotes himself to turning ordi
39、nary metals into gold, would be the most appropriate person for the job.（分数：10.00）(1).By saying Lady Greenfield is “a British institution“, the author means（分数：2.00）A.she is well-known in Britain.B.she owns a British association.C.she is suing a British institution.D.she is accused by a British inst
40、itution.(2).Which of the following is true of the RI?（分数：2.00）A.It provides one-hour-long club activities for famous scientists.B.It offers special annual Christmas lectures for young people.C.It enjoys a long history of scientific research in medicine.D.It makes a name for popularizing science on t
41、elevision.(3).Lady Greenfield was blamed for（分数：2.00）A.misunderstanding the significance of the RI“s modernization.B.misjudging the RI“s business opportunities in London.C.mismanaging the costs for the RI“s redecoration.D.mistiming the opening of the redecorated RI.(4).It can be learned from Paragra
42、ph 4 that（分数：2.00）A.the RI has sold all its property for redecoration.B.the redecoration has undermined the RI“s reputation.C.the RI fired Lady Greenfield to cut redecoration costs.D.Lady Greenfield thought her dismissal unfair.(5).How does the author feel about the prospects of the RI“s getting out
43、 of financial trouble?（分数：2.00）A.Confident.B.Suspicious.C.Optimistic.D.Cautious.七、Part C(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The Internet and mobile phones have transformed our connections to people around the world. This technology has also, however, led to a widening gender gap in poorer countries. For it is largely m
44、en who control the information revolution that helps to educate, inform and empower. In low- and middle-income countries, a woman is 21 percent less likely than a man to own a mobile phone, according to research done by GSMA. In Africa, women are 23 percent less likely than a man to own a cell phone
45、. In the Middle East the figure is 24 percent and in South Asia, 37 percent. The factors driving women“s lack of connectivity vary from community to community. But the end result is always the same: disempowerment. 1 This disturbing finding is highlighted by the United Nations/Overseas Development I
46、nstitute-led MY World survey, a major, inclusive global poll. Respondents were asked to rank their prioritiesincluding political freedoms, better healthcare, protection from violence and crimein making the world better. They could vote paper, online or by mobile phone. 2 The survey has already gathe
47、red 1.5 million votes. Women are just as keen as men to have their views heardengagement offline is a 50-50 split between women and men, online women have voted more than men, with a 52-48 split. 3 Consider Yemen, where 121,000 people voted on their mobile phones. Of those, 81,000 were men. Overall,
48、 women respondents picked education, healthcare and better job opportunities as their top priorities in making the world better. 4 Getting more mobile phones into the hands of women in low- and middle-income countries will not be easy because the reasons behind their lack of ownership are so varied.
49、 But there are some solutions. In these countries there are typically three key barriers: Mobile phones are too expensive, the monthly bills are too high or there is no urgent need to own one. Governments should help lower these barriers. They should set up transparent regulatory systems that would encourage more mobile phone providers to enter the market. More competition means lower prices and more affordable plans. 5 Governments should also subsidize computer and smartphone ownership for low-income people. A. A mobile phone can bring benefits to women, and many of these w
