1、公共英语四级-169 及答案解析(总分：54.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Comparisons were drawn between the development of television in the 20th century and the diffusion of printing in the 15th and 16th centuries. Yet much has happened 1 . As was discussed before, it was not 2 the 19th century tha
2、t the newspaper became the dominant pre-electronic 3 , following in the wake of the pamphlet and the book and in the 4 of the periodical. It was during the same time that the communications revolution 5 up, beginning with transport, the railways and leading 6 through the telegraph, the telephone, ra
3、dio and motion pictures 7 the 20th century world of the motor car and the airplane. Not everyone sees that process in 8 . It is important to do so. It is generally recognized, 9 , that the introduction of the computer in the early 20th century, 10 by the invention of the integrated circuit during th
4、e 1960s, radically changed the process, 11 its impact on the media was not immediately 12 . As time went by, computers became smaller and more powerful, and they became personal too, as well as 13 , with display becoming sharper and storage 14 increasing. They were thought of, like people, 15 genera
5、tions, with the distance between generations much 16 . It was within the computer age that the term information society began to be widely used to describe the 17 within which we now live. The communications revolution has 8 both work and leisure and how we think and feel both about place and time,
6、but there have been 19 views about its economic, political, social and cultural implications. Benefits have been weighed 20 harmful outcomes. And generalizations have proved difficult.（分数：20.00）A.betweenB.beforeC.sinceD.laterA.afterB.byC.duringD.untilA.meansB.methodC.mediumD.measureA.processB.compan
7、yC.lightD.formA.gatheredB.speededC.workedD.pickedA.onB.outC.overD.offA.ofB.forC.beyondD.intoA.conceptB.dimensionC.effectD.perspectiveA.indeedB.henceC.howeverD.thereforeA.broughtB.followedC.stimulatedD.characterizedA.unlessB.sinceC.lestD.althoughA.apparentB.desirableC.negativeD.plausibleA.institution
8、alB.universalC.fundamentalD.instrumentalA.abilityB.capabilityC.capacityD.facultyA.by means ofB.in terms ofC.with regard toD.in line withA.deeperB.fewerC.nearerD.smallerA.contextB.rangeC.scopeD.territoryA.regardedB.impressedC.influencedD.effectedA.competitiveB.controversialC.distractingD.irrationalA.
9、aboveB.uponC.againstD.with二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Passage 1(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Hawaii“s native minority is demanding a greater degree of sovereignty over its own affairs. But much of the archipelago“s political establishment, which includes the White Americans who dominated until the Second
10、World War and people of Japanese, Chinese and Filipino origins, is opposed to the idea. The islands were annexed by the US in 1898 and since then Hawaii“s native peoples have fared worse than any of its other ethnic groups. They make up over 60 per cent of the state“s homeless, suffer higher levels
11、of unemployment and their life span is five years less than average Hawaiians. They are the only major Hawaiian native group without any degree of autonomy. But a sovereignty advisory committee set up by Hawaii“s first native governor, John Waihee, has given the natives“ cause a major boost by recom
12、mending that the Hawaiian natives decide by themselves whether to re-establish a sovereign Hawaiian nation. However, the Hawaiian natives are not united in their demands. Some just want greater autonomy within the stateas enjoyed by many American Indian natives over matters such as education. This i
13、s a position supported by the Office of Hawaiian Affairs (OHA), a state agency set up in 1978 to represent the natives“ interests and which has now become the moderate face of the native sovereignty movement. More ambitious is the Ka Lahui group, which declared itself a new nation in 1987 and wants
14、full, official independence from the US. But if Hawaiian natives are given greater autonomy, it is far from clear how many people this will apply to. The state authorities only count as native those people with more than 50 per cent Hawaiian blood. Native demands are not just based on political grie
15、vances, though. They also want their claim on 660,000 hectares of Hawaiian crown land to be accepted. It is on this issue that native groups are facing most opposition from the state authorities. In 1933, the state government paid the OHA US $136 million in back rent on the crown land and many offic
16、ials say that by accepting this payment the agency has given up its claims to legally own the land. The OHA has vigorously disputed this.（分数：5.00）(1).Hawaii“s native minority refers to _.（分数：1.00）A.Hawaii“s ethnic groupsB.people of Filipino originC.the Ka Lahui groupD.people with 50% Hawaiian blood(
17、2).Which of the following statements is true of the Hawaiian natives?（分数：1.00）A.Sixty percent of them are homeless or unemployed.B.Their Life span is 5 years shorter than average Americans.C.Their life is worse than that of other ethnic groups in Hawaii.D.They are the only native group without sover
18、eignty.(3).Which of the following is NOT true of John Waihee?（分数：1.00）A.He is Hawaii“s first native governor.B.He has set up a sovereignty advisory committee.C.He suggested the native people decide for themselves.D.He is leading the local independence movement.(4).Which of the following groups holds
19、 a less radical attitude on the matter of sovereignty?（分数：1.00）A.American Indian natives.B.Office of Hawaiian Affairs.C.The Ka Lahui group.D.The Hawaiian natives.(5).Various native Hawaiians demand all the following EXCEPT _.（分数：1.00）A.a greater autonomy within the stateB.more back rent on the crown
20、 landC.a claim on the Hawaiian crown landD.full independence from the US五、Passage 2(总题数：1，分数：4.00)The question of whether war is inevitable is one, which has concerned many of the world“s great writers. Before considering this question, it will be useful to introduce some related concepts. Conflict,
21、 defined as opposition among social entities directed against one another, is distinguished from competition, defined as opposition among social entities independently striving for something, which is in inadequate supply. Competitors may not be aware of one another, while the parties to a conflict
22、are. Conflict and competition are both categories of opposition, which has been defined as a process by which social entities function is the disservice of one another. Opposition is thus contrasted with cooperation, the process by which social entities function in the service of one another. These
23、definitions are necessary because it is important to emphasize that competition between individuals or groups in inevitable in a world of limited resources, but conflict is not. Conflict, nevertheless, is very likely to occur, and is probably an essential and desirable element of human societies. Ma
24、ny authors have argued for the inevitability of war from the premise that in the struggle for existence among animal species, only the fittest survive. In general, however, this struggle in nature is competition, not conflict. Social animals, such as monkeys and cattle, fight to win or maintain lead
25、ership of the group. The struggle for existence occurs not in such fights, but in the competition for limited feeding areas and for occupancy of areas free from meat-eating animals. Those who fail in this competition starve to death or become victims to other species. This struggle for existence doe
26、s not resemble human war, but rather the competition of individuals for jobs, markets, and materials. The essence of the struggle is the competition for the necessities of life that are insufficient to satisfy all. Among nations there is competition in developing resources, trades, skills, and a sat
27、isfactory way of life. The successful nations grow and prosper; the unsuccessful decline. While it is true that this competition may induce efforts to expand territory at the expense of others, and thus lead to conflict, it cannot be said that war-like conflict among nations is inevitable, although
28、competition is.（分数：4.00）(1).In the first paragraph, the author gives the definitions of some terms in order to _.（分数：0.80）A.argue for the similarities between animal societies and human societiesB.smooth out the conflicts in human societiesC.distinguish between two kinds of oppositionD.summarize the
29、 characteristic features of opposition and cooperation(2).According to the author, competition differs from conflict in that _.（分数：0.80）A.it results in war in most casesB.it induces efforts to expand territoryC.it is a kind of opposition among social entitiesD.it is essentially a struggle for existe
30、nce(3).The phrase “function in the disservice of one another“ (Para. 1) most probably means _.（分数：0.80）A.betray each otherB.harm one anotherC.help to collaborate with each otherD.benefit one another(4).The author indicates in the passage that conflict _.（分数：0.80）A.is an inevitable struggle resulting
31、 from competitionB.reflects the struggle among social animalsC.is an opposition among individual social entitiesD.can be avoided(5).The passage is probably intended to answer the question“_“.（分数：0.80）A.Is war inevitable?B.Why is there conflict and competition?C.Is conflict desirable?D.Can competitio
32、n lead to conflict?六、Section Writing(总题数：1，分数：25.00)1.Directions: For this part, you are required to write a composition on the topic: Which is Better: Lectures or Discussions. You should write an essay of 160200 words and you should base your composition on the following outline: 1) a debate over t
33、he pros and cons of lectures and discussions is going on; 2) opinions of each side; 3) your preference and reasons. （分数：25.00）_公共英语四级-169 答案解析(总分：54.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Comparisons were drawn between the development of television in the 20th century and the diffusion of
34、 printing in the 15th and 16th centuries. Yet much has happened 1 . As was discussed before, it was not 2 the 19th century that the newspaper became the dominant pre-electronic 3 , following in the wake of the pamphlet and the book and in the 4 of the periodical. It was during the same time that the
35、 communications revolution 5 up, beginning with transport, the railways and leading 6 through the telegraph, the telephone, radio and motion pictures 7 the 20th century world of the motor car and the airplane. Not everyone sees that process in 8 . It is important to do so. It is generally recognized
36、, 9 , that the introduction of the computer in the early 20th century, 10 by the invention of the integrated circuit during the 1960s, radically changed the process, 11 its impact on the media was not immediately 12 . As time went by, computers became smaller and more powerful, and they became perso
37、nal too, as well as 13 , with display becoming sharper and storage 14 increasing. They were thought of, like people, 15 generations, with the distance between generations much 16 . It was within the computer age that the term information society began to be widely used to describe the 17 within whic
38、h we now live. The communications revolution has 8 both work and leisure and how we think and feel both about place and time, but there have been 19 views about its economic, political, social and cultural implications. Benefits have been weighed 20 harmful outcomes. And generalizations have proved
39、difficult.（分数：20.00）A.between B.beforeC.sinceD.later解析：解析 第一句指出：人们曾拿 20世纪电视的发展同 15、16 世纪印刷术的普及作比较。第二句承上转折，但在(十五、十六世纪到二十世纪)这段时间内发生了许多事，强调两者是不能相提并论的。四个选项都是时间副词，但表示介于某两时间或地点之间时，用 between=in between。A.afterB.byC.duringD.until 解析：解析 本题考查考生对“it was not untilthat”句型的把握。until 表示“直到才”，在“it was not until+时间+t
40、hat+句子”中，句中谓语动词用一般过去时。句意为直到十九世纪，报纸才成为主要媒介。如果用 by，句子时态应改为完成时，故 B错误。而选 A、C 均不符合历史事实，报纸就是在 19世纪开始发展成为主要媒体的。A.meansB.methodC.medium D.measure解析：解析 medium 是媒体，媒介的意思，复数形式为 media，mass media 指大众传媒，大众传播工具(尤指电视、报纸、无线电等)。A.processB.company C.lightD.form解析：解析 从 the pamphlet和 the book推断，the periodical 应该也是和 news
41、paper处于并列关系。in the company of sth.=together with表示“与一起”的意思。A.gatheredB.speeded C.workedD.picked解析：解析 speed up 是“加速”的意思，只有此选项符合题意。gather 是“聚集”的意思；work up一般作及物动词短语，如：work up a business 拓展一家商店；pick up 是“拾起，捡起”的意思。A.on B.outC.overD.off解析：解析 on 表示“进展，向前，继续活动”，是一个持续的状态。短语 lead off是“开始”的意思，与句意不符。A.ofB.forC
42、.beyondD.into 解析：解析 该句从“the communications revolution”开始，主要的句子结构为：the revolution speeded up，beginning with，and leading on throughinto the world of。故 D正确。A.conceptB.dimensionC.effectD.perspective 解析：解析 短语 in perspective=in the right perspective，意指“以正确的观点；正确地”。in concept“在概念上”，in effect 则指“规则、法律仍在实施中，
43、仍然有效”，或指“in fact，actually”，都与句意不符。A.indeedB.henceC.however D.therefore解析：解析 从上下文句意推断，上文强调“并不是每个人都能正确地看待这一进程”，这里却说“20世纪初电子计算机的出现极大地改变了这一进程，这一观点是大家公认的。”很显然这里是一种转折关系，只有 however符合题意，indeed 表示强调，hence 和 therefore则表示顺承的关系。A.broughtB.followed C.stimulatedD.characterized解析：解析 从上下文时间关系上推断，20 世纪 60年代集成电路的发明应该
44、是在 20世纪初电子计算机的使用之后，因此用“followed by”，故选 B。A.unlessB.sinceC.lestD.although 解析：解析 由上下文句意推断，前半句“20 世纪初电子计算机的出现以及 20世纪 60年代集成电路的发明极大地改变了这一进程，这一点为大家所公认”，是对计算机的肯定，而后半句“它对媒体的影响并不是立竿见影”，两句之间应是转折的关系，选 although。A.apparent B.desirableC.negativeD.plausible解析：解析 结合上题分析，应选 A，即“尽管计算机对媒体的影响并没有立即为人们所认识，人们却公认”，选 desir
45、able，negative 都与上下文逻辑联系相悖，plausible 是“可行的”，与 impact“影响”不能搭配。A.institutional B.universalC.fundamentalD.instrumental解析：解析 institutional 与 personal形成相对的关系，意指计算机不仅为个人广泛使用，也被机关单位广泛采用。从 as well as推断，所填单词应与 personal“个人化的”形成一种对应、比照的关系，而 universal“普遍性的”；fundamental“基础性的”：instrumental“工具性的”，都不能满足这种关系。A.abilit
46、yB.capabilityC.capacity D.faculty解析：解析 ability 一般指有生命的人、动物的能力；capability 指人具体做某事的能力，含“能否胜任某项工作”的意思；而 faculty则指人的才能，能力，如 the faculty for learning languages“学习语言的才能”；而 capacity可指非生命体的能力，有“容量”的意思。storage capacity指“存储容量，内存大小”。A.by means ofB.in terms of C.with regard toD.in line with解析：解析 这句话意思是说，人们认为，不同
47、时代的电脑就像人一样，也分为一代、二代，只是两代电脑之间的相隔时间相对要短得多。in terms of“依据”；by means of 则是指“通过的手段”：with regard to是“鉴于，考虑到”的意思；in line with 则是“与一致”的意思。A.deeperB.fewerC.nearerD.smaller 解析：解析 这里考查的是与 distance的搭配问题，只有 D项 small能与其搭配，常用的还有 a great distance，long/short distance 等。A.context B.rangeC.scopeD.territory解析：解析 本题实际上是
48、找一个与“information society”相对应的词，而“信息社会”应该是指我们所生活的时代、社会背景，而 context不仅有我们所熟知的“上下文”之意，也指某一事件发生的环境、背景。而 range则指一定的范围，如射程，音域，价格上下浮动的范围等；scope 指活动范围或观察范围、眼界等；territory 则指领土、领域、都没有环境、背景之意。A.regardedB.impressedC.influenced D.effected解析：解析 influence 意指影响；regard 指注视，视为；impress 指给留下印象；而 effect作及物动词时指“实现，完成”，只有
49、C符合句意，全句意为通讯革命影响了我们的工作和休闲，以及我们的时空观，但是。A.competitiveB.controversial C.distractingD.irrational解析：解析 由“but”可以推断后半句是承前转折，前半句说“通讯革命不仅影响了我们的工作和休闲，还影响到我们的时空观”，但即使如此，“人们对其在经济、政治、社会和文化上的影响仍然持的观点”。competitive 指“竞争性的”；distracting 指“令人分神的”；irrational 则指“非理智的”；只有controversial“有争议的”符合上下文句意，即在此问题上人们各持己见，说法不一。A.aboveB.uponC.against D.with解析：解析 weigh sth. against sth. 是一个短语，表示将两者进行对比，比较，两相权衡；weigh upon sb
