1、公共英语四级-196 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Listening (总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Part A(总题数：1，分数：5.00)0（分数：5.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_三、Part B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)（分数：5.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_四、Part C(总题数：3，分数：10.00)Questions 11 13 are based on a conversation between two college clas
2、smates, You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 11 13.（分数：3.00）(1).According to the radio program, which one of the following four sentences is wrong?（分数：1.00）A.Stanford University lies in California.B.Stanford accepted less than eleven percent of the students who applied.C.Stanford has accepted a
3、n unusually low percentage of students for admission this fall.D.Stanford has accepted a lower percentage of students for admission, but not the lowest.(2).High school seniors are applying to more schools probably by way of_.（分数：1.00）A.copying others applicationsB.using common applications which are
4、 the same as othersC.sending a large number of application letters to different collegesD.electronic application forms through internet(3).If a student is on a waiting list, it means he will_.（分数：1.00）A.wait for another year to apply againB.wait for the school to make the decisionC.go to the college
5、 if he accepts the offerD.wait until other applicants get the resultQuestions 14 17 are based on the following monologue introducing the origin of an expression. You now have 20 seconds to read Questions 14 17.（分数：4.00）(1).What does the expression “Where is the beef“ mean?（分数：1.00）A.The beef is lost
6、.B.Something is not as good as described.C.The beef is not as good as it is said to be.D.The food has turned bad.(2).Why are hamburgers so popular in America?（分数：1.00）A.Because they are made from beef.B.Because they are cheaper than any other kind of food.C.Because they are served quickly at a low p
7、rice.D.Because hamburger is the only fast food in America.(3).Who started the McDonalds?（分数：1.00）A.Ray Kroc.B.Wendy.C.McDonald.D.Three old women.(4).Why did other people want to open hamburger restaurant?（分数：1.00）A.Because hamburgers are good to eat.B.Because hamburgers are easy to make.C.Because th
8、ey could sell hamburgers throughout the country.D.Because they wanted to be as successful as Kroc.Questions 18 20 are based on an interview about a murder. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 18 20.（分数：3.00）(1).How old is the man murdered?A In his thirties. B In his twenties.B In his forties.
9、D In his fifties.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Where was the body found?（分数：1.00）A.In a drinking club.B.In the underpass of a certain road.C.In the London underground.D.On North Circular Road.(3).Who is the murderer?（分数：1.00）A.A minicab driver.B.The drunk.C.Two women.D.Not known yet.五、Section Use of Eng(总题数：
10、1，分数：20.00)Many people who fly at least occasionally have come down with a cold or the flu shortly after disembarking. Is the air in airborne commercial jets (21) ? The Association of Flight Attendants (AFA), (22) which 42000 flight attendants with 27 airlines are represented, evidently thinks so. T
11、he organization claims that the incidence of air-quality-related diseases has (23) among its members and demands that prompt actions be (24) to improve the conditions in the airplane cabin.A study the AFA (25) in 1997 uncovered about 1000 self-reported incidents of headaches, dizziness and memory lo
12、ss (26) flight attendants and passengers. Some flight attendants were too ill to (27) their safety duties, while others have been permanently disabled.Because of airlines efforts to (28) their expenses, cabin-air filters are not cleaned (29) . The complaints of flight attendants do not always give (
13、30) to correct maintenance. Airlines turned to recycled air, (31) that they would reduce some of their costs. They are not required to put filters in. Airlines are (32) great pressure to get their flights out (33) . So they do not pay as much attention to systems that are not as (34) to flight sched
14、ule and safety.Recent research findings emphasize the concern that filters can (35) engine chemicals into the cabin air. This may not happen (36) every flight, but it is a persistent problem.In a study published in October 1998, an investigation was made (37) complaints of crew members (38) air qual
15、ity and health. More than half of the 200 subjects reported health problems which they (39) to cabin air. It was concluded that these health problems were consistent with (40) harmful gases and substances.（分数：20.00）A.humidB.unhealthyC.unbearableD.crispA.ofB.inC.byD.toA.suspendedB.droppedC.raisedD.in
16、creasedA.takenB.doneC.madeD.givenA.foundedB.underlinedC.consideredD.undertookA.betweenB.withinC.amongD.insideA.performB.achieveC.comprehendD.proceedA.declineB.cutC.shrinkD.saveA.definitelyB.efficientlyC.smoothlyD.regularlyA.hopeB.attentionC.riseD.chanceA.confidedB.promisedC.ensuredD.convincedA.beyon
17、dB.underC.againstD.belowA.on timeB.at onceC.in lineD.in turnA.influentialB.inevitableC.criticalD.efficientA.encloseB.blockC.introduceD.detectA.byB.onC.atD.alongA.onB.fromC.toD.inA.concerningB.includingC.relatingD.attachingA.presentedB.attributedC.blamedD.appealedA.exposure toB.exploration ofC.format
18、ion ofD.compensation for六、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)七、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)八、Passage 1(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Human intelligence and the IQ scales used to measure it once again are becoming the focus of fiery debateAs argument rages over declining test scores in the nations schools, an old but explosi
19、ve issue is reappearing: What is intelligenceand is it determined largely by genetics?The controversy erupted more than a decade ago when some US scholars saw a racial pattern in the differing scores of students taking intelligence and college-entrance tests.Now, the racial issue is being joined by
20、others. Teachers, psychologists, scientists and lawyers argue over the question of whether IQ intelligence quotient tests actually measure mental ability, or if findings are skewed by such factors as family background, poverty and emotional disorders.Moreover, some authorities assert that the rise i
21、n the number of college-educated Americans and their tendency to marry among themselves are creating a class of super-smart children of brainy parents and, on the other side of the scale, a lumpenproletariat of children reflecting the supposedly inferior brainpower of their parents.Critics such as H
22、arvard University biologist Richard C. Lewontin disagree. If mental ability were largely determined by inheritance, he says, efforts to enhance intelligence through the betterment of both home and child-rearing environments could only be marginally effective. He comments:“Genetic determinism could b
23、e used to justify existing social injustice as predetermined and inevitable and would render efforts made toward equalitarian goals as useless. “Supporting Lewontin in this is J. McVicker Hunt, a professor at the University of Illinois, who maintains that IQ levels can be raised significantly by exp
24、osing children at an early age to stimulating environments. Hunts studies show that early help in such areas as education and nutrition can raise a childs IQ by an average of 30 to 35 points.At stake in the uproar over IQ is the national commitment to improve the capabilities of the poor by investin
25、g billions of dollars annually in educational, medical and job programs.（分数：5.00）(1).The controversy over IQ tests is reappearing because of _.（分数：1.00）A.the newly found racial pattern underlying students performanceB.the worsening students performance in their studiesC.the long-standing division in
26、 the definition of intelligenceD.the dubious IQ scales used to measure intelligence(2).The word “skewed“(Line 3, Paragraph 4) most probably means_.（分数：1.00）A.determinedB.directedC.disclosedD.distorted(3).According to some authorities, there will be expected a class of super-smart children because of
27、（分数：1.00）A.the booming of higher learningB.the revived zeal for marriageC.the denial of the supposed inferiority of parentsD.the shift of one scale of measurement to another(4).In the view of biologist Lewontin, intelligence_.（分数：1.00）A.was a matter of genetic traitsB.had little to do with environme
28、ntsC.could be improved with human effortsD.was profoundly affected by inheritance(5).From the text we can infer that_.（分数：1.00）A.the commitment to improve the capabilities of the poor will hardly be madeB.the investment in educational, medical and job programs is non-profitableC.the author disapprov
29、es the idea of genetic determinationD.there will soon be an uproar over IQ tests九、Passage 2(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Clothes play a critical part in the conclusions we reach by providing clues to who people are, who they are not, and who they would like to be. They tell us a good deal about the wearers backgro
30、und, personality, status, mood, and social outlook.Since clothes are such an important source of social information, we can use them to manipulate peoples impression to us. Our appearance assumes particular significance in the initial phases of interaction that is likely to occur. An elderly middle-
31、class man or woman may be alienated by a young adult who is dressed in an unconventional manner, regardless of the persons education, background, or interests.People tend to agree on what certain types of clothes mean. Adolescent girls can easily agree on the life- styles of girls who wear certain o
32、utfits, including the number of boyfriends they likely have had and whether they smoke or drink. Newscasters, or the announcers who read the news on TV, are considered to be more convincing, honest, and competent when they are dressed conservatively. And college students who view themselves as takin
33、g an active role in their interpersonal relationships say they are concerned about the costumes they must wear to play these roles successfully. Moreover, many of us can relate instances in which the clothing we wore changed the way we felt about ourselves and how we acted. Perhaps you have used clo
34、thing to gain confidence when you anticipated a stressful situation, such as a job interview, or a court appearance.In the workplace, men have long had well-defined precedents and role models for achieving success. It has been otherwise for women. A good many women in the business world are uncertai
35、n about the appropriate mixture of “masculine“ and “feminine“ attributes they should convey by their professional clothing. The variety of clothing alternative to women has also been greater than that available for men. Male administrators tend to judge women more favorable for managerial positions
36、when the women display less “feminine“ grooming shorter hair, moderate use of make-up, and plain tailored clothing. As one male administrator confessed, “An attractive woman is definitely going to get a longer interview, but she wont get a job. /（分数：5.00）(1).According to the passage, the way we dres
37、s _.（分数：1.00）A.provides clues for people who are critical of usB.indicates our likes and dislikes in choosing a careerC.has a direct influence on the way people regard usD.is of particular importance when we get on in age(2).From the third paragraph of the passage, we can conclude that young adults
38、tend to believe that certain types of clothing can _.（分数：1.00）A.change peoples conservative attitudes toward their lifestylesB.help young people make friends with the opposite sexC.make them competitive in the job marketD.help them achieve success in their interpersonal relationships(3).The word “pr
39、ecedents“ (Line 1,Para. 4) probably refers to _.（分数：1.00）A.early acts for men to follow as examplesB.particular places for men to occupy especially because of their importanceC.things that men should agree uponD.mens beliefs that everything in the world has already been decided(4).According to the p
40、assage, many career women find themselves in difficult situation because _.（分数：1.00）A.the variety of professional clothing is too wide for them to chooseB.women are generally thought to be only good at being fashion modelsC.men are more favorably judged for managerial positionD.they are not sure to
41、what extent they should display their feminine qualities through clothing(5).What is the passage mainly about?（分数：1.00）A.Dressing for effect.B.How to dress appropriately.C.Managerial positions and clothing.D.Dressing for the occasion.十、Passage 3(总题数：1，分数：5.00)In a democratic society citizens are enc
42、ouraged to form their own opinions on candidates for public offices, taxes, constitutional amendments, environmental concerns, foreign policy, and other issues. The opinions held by any population are shaped and manipulated by several factors: individual circumstances, the mass media, special-intere
43、st groups, and opinion leaders.Wealthy people tend to think differently on social issues from poor people. Factory workers probably do not share the same views as white-collar workers, non-union workers. Women employed outside their homes sometimes have perspectives different from those of full-time
44、 homemakers. In these and other ways individual status shapes ones view of current events.The mass media, especially television, are powerful influences on the way people think and act. Government officials note how mail from the public tends to “follow the headlines“. Whatever is featured in newspa
45、pers and magazines and on television attracts enough attention that people begin to inform themselves and to express opinions.The mass media have also created larger audiences for government and a wider range of public issues than existed before. Prior to television and the national editions of news
46、papers, issues and candidates tended to remain localized. In Great Britain and West Germany, for example, elections to the national legislatures were usually viewed by voters as local contests. Todays elections are seen as struggles between party leaders and programs. In the United States radio and
47、television have been beneficial to the presidency. Since the days ot Franklin D. Roosevelt and his “fireside chats“, presidents have appealed directly to a national audience over the heads of Congress to advocate their programs.Special-interest groups spend vast sums annually trying to influence pub
48、lic opinion. Public utilities, for instance, tried to sway public opinion in favor of nuclear power plants. Opposed to them were citizens organizations successful advertising campaign designed to prevent the passage of medicare.Opinion leaders are usually such prominent public figures as politicians
49、, some business personalities, and celebrity athletes. The opinions of these individuals, whether informed and intelligent or not, carry weight with some segments of the population. Some individuals, such as Nobel Prize winners, are suddenly thrust into public view by the media. By quickly reaching a large audience, their views gain
