1、公共英语四级-281 及答案解析(总分：238.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Listening (总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Part A(总题数：1，分数：5.00)For Questions 15, you will hear a radio weather report. While you listen, fill out the table with the information you have heard. Some of the information has been given to you in the table. Write only 1 w
2、ord in each numbered box. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below. Michigan Weather Report Chicago is reporting light 1 The temperature at Ann Arbor Airport is 2 Tomorrow morning the sun will rise at 3 The pollution index today is 4 The weekend is likely to
3、 be 5 （分数：5.00）填空项 1:_三、Part B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)For Questions 610, you will hear a lecture about child development. While you listen, complete the sentences or answer the questions. Use no more than 3 words for each answer. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the sentence
4、s and the questions below. （分数：5.00）(1). Who is the speaker talking to? （分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2). What is the main topic of this talk? （分数：1.00）(3). When do children first begin to make language-like noises? （分数：1.00）(4). At what age do most children begin to master the basics of grammar? （分数：1.00）(5). W
5、hat does the speaker say about the grammatical mistakes that four-year-olds make? （分数：1.00）四、Part C(总题数：3，分数：28.00)Questions 1113 are based on the following talk about Mark Twain, a well-known American writer. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 1113. （分数：3.00）(1).When was Twain born?（分数：1.00）
6、A.1865.B.1825.C.1835.D.1845.(2).What job did Twain get on the Mississippi?（分数：1.00）A.Type-setter.B.Writer.C.River pilot.D.Reporter.(3).Why did Twain go to West?（分数：1.00）A.To prospect for silver and gold.B.To get away from the war and the army.C.Because of the outbreak of the Civil War.D.To travel.Qu
7、estions 1416 are based on the following talk about computer science education in Switzerland. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 1416. （分数：9.00）(1).How long does a master“s degree take in Switzerland?（分数：3.00）A.One year.B.Two years.C.Three years.D.Four years.(2).Who has to choose from a bookl
8、et of fifty courses for study?（分数：3.00）A.Students specializing in computer science.B.Students studying for a bachelor“s degree.C.Students doing Ph. D.D.Students studying for a master“s degree.(3).Why does the speaker think the computer science education in Switzerland is particularly good?（分数：3.00）A
9、.Because it is quite wide-ranging.B.Because there“s more emphasis on applied Information Technology.C.Because there are more grants available.D.Because students can get money from the state.Questions 1720 are based on the following conversation about a department store. You now have 20 seconds to re
10、ad Questions 1720. （分数：16.00）(1).What is the food hall of Harold“s noted for?（分数：4.00）A.The cheese sold there is very special.B.It sells many different kinds of food.C.It sells 250 kinds of bread.D.It sells more than 180 kinds of chocolate.(2).Why is the Egyptian hall so famous?（分数：4.00）A.It looks l
11、ike an Egyptian building from 4,000 years ago.B.It is an Egyptian building from 4,000 years ago.C.It sells all kinds of food.D.It produces much electricity.(3).What“s the record of money that customers spend in the department on one day?（分数：4.00）A.30,000 pounds.B.300,000 pounds.C.9 million pounds.D.
12、1.5 million pounds.(4).About how many customers come to Harold“s on an average day?（分数：4.00）A.30,000.B.300,000.C.1.5 million.D.9 million.五、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Besides climate change, developing countries like China need to deal with energy 1 and environmental issues: the development of
13、 sources of clean energy needs to be 2 line with their interests. Clean energy has been given greater prominence than ever before; it is seen as a new industrial 3 and 4 of economic growth for the new century. The time for clean energy has come. In China, clean energy is moving ahead at full speed.
14、Take wind power as an example: by the end of last year, China had 5 wind power generating capacity of 12.21 GW, making China the largest wind power generator in Asia and first in the world. But according to the research, one-third of wind power capacity is running 6 due to an inability to get the po
15、wer to the national 7 . India-like Chinarelies 8 on coal for its energy needs. This will only change if the funds and technology to develop clean energy, such as wind and nuclear power, are 9 . India will not choose clean energy 10 , Nuclear power is currently the most 11 of clean energy sources. 12
16、 , if it is to be 13 on a large scale by developing nations, technological advances will be needed to make it competitive with coal. Compared 14 developed countries, developing countries have more 15 choices when it comes to energy structure. Promoting economic growth requires 16 energyand coal, the
17、 cheapest and most 17 source of energy for many countriesis the 18 choice. Cheap coal means cheap electricity and a competitive economy. Rising electricity prices would cause public 19 and impact on standards of 20 .（分数：20.00）A.scarceB.scareC.scarcityD.scaryA.onB.inC.withD.alongA.revolutionB.evoluti
18、onC.advanceD.developmentA.resourceB.reasonC.rootD.sourceA.inspectedB.inspiredC.instigatedD.installedA.effectivelyB.regularlyC.slowlyD.idleA.netB.networkC.gridD.meshA.mainlyB.significantlyC.majorlyD.vitallyA.providentB.providentialC.providingD.providedA.by itselfB.on its ownC.voluntarilyD.automatical
19、lyA.cheapestB.expensiveC.competitiveD.advancedA.ThereforeB.HoweverC.FurthermoreD.OtherwiseA.adoptedB.adaptedC.adaptableD.admittedA.toB.withC.inD.uponA.limitedB.limitlessC.maximalD.minimalA.expensiveB.muchC.competitiveD.cheapA.absurdB.abundanceC.absentD.abundantA.goodB.bestC.firstD.lastA.discordB.con
20、tentC.discontentD.discomfortA.lifeB.livingC.liveD.lives六、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)七、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)八、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：5.00)The core of Greece“s trouble is too much spending, too little tax-collecting and book-cooking. Spain and Ireland are in trouble even if the percentage of their publ
21、ic debt in gross domestic product is much smaller than that of Germany. Italy, also in the financial markets“ crosshairs, has high public debt but a lower deficit than the eurozone“s average. The root of these countries“ problems is that their prices and wages have risen much faster than those of ot
22、her eurozone members. There are two ways to mitigate the pain. First, to adopt temporarily more expansionary fiscal policies for a while. Or, more powerfully, the wider euro area could adopt more expansionary monetary policies for several years. As to the second option, the “inflation fundamentalist
23、s“ will have none of it. This elite consisting of central bankers, top economic officials, politicians, academics and journalists insists that it is unacceptable to allow inflation to climb above two percent. Hyper-inflation in Germany in the 1930s and stagflation in industrial countries in the 1970
24、s and 1980s support their view. It“s true that moderate inflation can creep up to become high inflation. But inflation fundamentalism can also hurt. There is little if any empirical evidence that moderate inflation hurts growth. In most countries, cutting actual wages is politically difficult if not
25、 impossible. But, to regain competitiveness and balance the books, real wage adjustments are sometimes in- evitable. A slightly higher level of inflation allows for this painful adjustment with a lower level of political conflict. On the other hand, ultra-low inflation, in a recession, can easily be
26、come deflation. Falling prices encourage people to defer spending, which makes things worse and erodes tax payments, impairing a government“ s ability to pay debt. That in turn increases the debt“s size and costs. In addition, a single-minded focus on inflation makes it easy for policymakers to lose
27、 sight of the broader picture-asset prices, growth and employment. Policy can become too tight or too loose-as in the run-up to the crisis in the U.S. when low inflation was seen as a comforting sign that things were in order. In a recession, ultra-low inflation also reduces the effectiveness of mon
28、etary policy since interest rates cannot go below zero. The crisis in the euro area highlights the need for a more openminded discussion of the merits and costs of ultra-low inflation.（分数：5.00）(1).In the author“s opinion, the second way to mitigate the pain is _.（分数：1.00）A.cutting the spendingB.cont
29、rolling inflation within two percentC.ultra-low inflationD.moderate inflation(2).Which of the following inflation might be accepted by the author?（分数：1.00）A.2%.B.1%.C.4%.D.8%.(3).We can learn from the fourth paragraph that _.（分数：1.00）A.moderate inflation hurts growthB.it is unnecessary to cut actual
30、 wagesC.the author opposes moderate inflationD.the author opposes inflation fundamentalism(4).The word “books“ ( line 5, paragraph 4) means _.（分数：1.00）A.ticketsB.accountsC.worksD.stamps(5).What is the text mainly about?（分数：1.00）A.The core of Greece“s trouble.B.Two ways to solve the problems of Greec
31、e, Spain, Ireland and Italy.C.The merits of inflation fundamentalism.D.The shortcomings of inflation fundamentalism.九、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：25.00)Slavery has played a significant role in the history of the U.S. It existed in all the English mainland colonies and most of the Founding Fathers also had slave
32、s, as did eight of the first 12 presidents. Dutch traders brought 20 Africans to Jamestown, Virginia, as early as 1619, however, throughout the 17th century the number of Africans in the English mainland colonies grew very slowly. At that time, colonists used two other sources of unfree labor: Nativ
33、e American slaves and European indentured servants. During those years, every colony had some Native American slaves, but their number was limited. Indian men avoided performing agricultural labor, because they viewed it as women“s work, and colonists complained that they were too “haughty“. The mor
34、e important was that the settlers found it more convenient to sell Native Americans captured in war to planters in the Caribbean than to turn them into slaves, because they often resisted and it was not hard for the slaves to escape. Later, the policy of killing Indians or driving them away from whi
35、te settlements was proposed and it contradicted with their widespread employment as slaves. The other form of labor was the white indentured servitude. Most indentured servants consisted of poor Europeans. Desiring to escape tough conditions in Europe and take advantage of fabled opportunities in Am
36、erica, they traded three to seven years of their labor in exchange for the transatlantic passage. At first, it was mainly English who were the white indentured servitude but later increasingly Irish, Welsh, and German joined. They were essentially temporary slaves and most of them served as agricult
37、ural workers although some, especially in the North, were taught skilled trades. During the 17th century, they performed most of heavy labor in the Southern colonies and also consisted of the bulk of immigrants to those colonies. At the end of the 17th century, in order to meet the labor need, lando
38、wners in America turned to African slaves. During the late 17th and 18th centuries, thanks to the dominant position of England in terms of naval superiority, English traders ( some of whom lived in English America) transported millions of Africans across the Atlantic. And the transatlantic slave tra
39、de produced one of the largest forced migrations in history, blacks ( the great majority of whom were slaves) increasing from about 7 percent of the American population in 1680 to more than 40 percent by the middle of the 18th century.（分数：25.00）(1).Which of the following was true of the slavery in A
40、merica?（分数：5.00）A.The colonists sold African Americans to planters in the Caribbean.B.Native American slaves performed agricultural labor.C.During the 17th century, the white indentured servitude was the main labor in the Southern colonies.D.It was at the end of the 17th century that African people
41、began to be brought to America.(2).We can infer from the sentence “Later, the policy of killing Indians or.contradicted with their widespread employment as slaves“ that _.（分数：5.00）A.many Indians were killed by White settlersB.many Indians were drove away from white settlementsC.the Indians were slav
42、es in a wide-spread wayD.white settlers had to find other sources of labor(3).In the third paragraph, the author mainly argues that _.（分数：5.00）A.the number of Native American slaves was very smallB.the colonists thought that the Native American slaves were very haughtyC.the Native American slaves ha
43、d been treated cruellyD.the Native American slaves always resisted(4).Which of the following wasn“t the opinion of the colonists towards the Native American slaves?（分数：5.00）A.The Native American slaves were very haughty.B.The Native American slaves were very lazy.C.The Native American slaves were ha
44、rd to control.D.The Native American slaves always found ways to escape.(5).The relation between the second paragraph and the next following two paragraphs is that in the next following two paragraphs the author _.（分数：5.00）A.further elaborates the issue discussed in the second paragraphB.modifies the
45、 point of view in the second paragraphC.changes the view expressed in the second paragraphD.offers the reason to support the viewpoint in the second paragraph十、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：25.00)U.S. health officials are increasing surveillance measures at doctors“ offices and international borders to guard agai
46、nst the spread of swine flu. Washington also has begun dispersing medicine from a federal stockpile. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention says there have been only mild cases of swine flu in the United States, but experts remain on guard. Acting agency director, Richard Besser, says the ep
47、idemic in Mexico prompted U.S. doctors to begin monitoring actively for possible infections. “We are asking doctors when they see someone who has flu-like illness who has traveled to an affected region, to do a culture, take a swab in the nose and send it to the lab so we can see: is it influenza, i
48、s it this type?“ he said. Speaking Sunday at the White House, Besser said the extra detection efforts have enabled officials to find more infections than under normal circumstances. He also says he expects the number of infections will rise and the illness will spread to other U.S. regions, as docto
49、rs continue to monitor the problem. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention says it does not recommend people travel to Mexico, where the outbreak of swine flu is centered and more than 100 deaths have been reported. But officials have not ordered a travel ban to the country. Homeland Security Secretary Janet Napolitano says, instead, airlines have the option of screening passengers on flights from Mexico. “We are letting air carriers and our employees at the gates on those flights make sure that they are
