1、公共英语四级-378 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Listening (总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Part A(总题数：1，分数：5.00)The distance from the airport to the center of Sydney is 1.（分数：5.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_三、Part B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)What is a Greenhouse Effect?（分数：5.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_四、Part
2、 C(总题数：3，分数：10.00)Questions 11-13 are based on the following monologue about American advertising. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 11-13.（分数：3.00）(1).What do we learn about the speaker?（分数：1.00）A.He has been in America for three years.B.He has always lived in America.C.He visited America t
3、hree years ago.D.He has come to America to do research on advertising.(2).Whats the speakers impression of the advertisement in America when he first arrived there?（分数：1.00）A.He found the advertisements there difficult to understand.B.The advertisements there were creative and necessary.C.The advert
4、isements there were well designed.D.There were far more advertisements there than he had expected.(3).What does the speaker think future advertisers should do?（分数：1.00）A.Spend less money on advertising.B.Advertise more for their products.C.Use new advertising techniques.D.Be more careful about what
5、they advertise.Questions 14-17 are based on the following dialogue between classmates about their presentation. You now have 20 seconds to read Questions 14-17.（分数：4.00）(1).What is the womans tone of voice when she first sees the man?（分数：1.00）A.Relieved.B.Sarcastic.C.Sad.D.Apologetic.(2).What are th
6、e students doing when the man arrives in the class?（分数：1.00）A.Having a class discussion.B.Giving presentations.C.Drawing graphs.D.Taking an exam.(3).What classes are the man and the woman probably taking?（分数：1.00）A.Fashion design.B.Chemistry.C.Business.D.Art appreciation.(4).How much time do the man
7、 and the woman have before they address the class?（分数：1.00）A.Less than ten minutes.B.About twenty minutes.C.Over an hour.D.Forty-five minutes.Questions 18-20 are based on the following dialogue given by Professor Robert Watson who was answering questions on a radio phone program on the subject of le
8、arning a foreign language. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 18-20.（分数：3.00）(1).How has Mr. Humphries been learning Spanish?（分数：1.00）A.He has been going to an evening class and made many foreign friends.B.He has watched quite a lot of DVD.C.He has listened to the BBC radio programs.D.He has
9、been going to an evening class and has watched quite a lot of the BBC TV programs.(2).What advice was given by Professor Watson7（分数：1.00）A.Practice more in using the language.B.Go to live with the native speakers.C.Watch more TV programs.D.Read more newspaper and magazines(3).What does “learning to
10、speak“ mean, according to the professor?（分数：1.00）A.It means being able to put together the right groups of words and to say them in a reasonably accurate way.B.It means being able to pronounce correctly.C.It means having an accurate tone and pronunciation.D.It means speaking must obey certain gramma
11、r五、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：20.00)A new computer system has been designed to stop ships sinking. The greatest danger (21) a holed vessel is that flooding of its compartments will make the ship unstable enough to capsize. It is estimated that nearly half the ships (22) during the second world war
12、capsized because of the loss of (23) .Pacer systems of Burlington, Massachusetts, has now (24) a system devised by a (25) US Navy officer, Stephen Drabouski, which effectively thought out alternative strategies for the ship. The (26) is programmed with every possible eventuality of flood damage. (27
13、) the actual damage is keyed into the computer the operator is told by the computer (28) the implications are and what can be done to destabilize the vessel.Trials on the “American aircraft carrier USS Midway“ have (29) that the reaction time to damage can be cut to a fiftieth. An incident was simul
14、ated in which the ship was (30) by two missiles causing flooding to 30 compartments. It took 10 minutes (31) receipt of the flood damage information in the damage control center to a full printout of damage effects, (32) countermeasures and an assessment of the result of the countermeasures;In a re-
15、run of the incident (33) the computer program the damage control officer took four and a quarter hours to establish the (34) of the damage and another four hours (35) a decision could be taken on counter measures.(36) the system can be used to provide damage control officers with advice, they do not
16、, of course, have to (37) the information. Quite often the“ (38) solution“ will be unacceptable for operational reasons. When that happens the system can be asked for (39) or the operator can interrogate the computer to find out what would happen (40) the officers own solution was put into action.（分
17、数：20.00）A.toB.onC.inD.forA.survivedB.sunkC.damagedD.builtA.weightB.protectionC.stabilityD.powerA.rebuiltB.inventedC.refinedD.designedA.preserveB.reserveC.observeD.conserveA.projectB.computerC.systemD.networkA.ForB.AsC.SinceD.OnceA.whatB.howC.ifD.thatA.failedB.exposedC.shownD.succeededA.sunkB.hitC.ex
18、plodedD.bombedA.atB.overC.fromD.forA.preservativeB.preventiveC.impliedD.suggestedA.withoutB.forC.byD.withA.proofsB.effectsC.solutionsD.uncertaintyA.afterB.beforeC.providedD.now thatA.IfB.WhenC.AlthoughD.UnlessA.acceptB.processC.modifyD.analyzeA.finalB.possibleC.optimumD.suggestedA.alternativesB.deci
19、sionsC.solutionD.suggestionsA.afterB.whenC.beforeD.if六、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)七、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)八、Passage 1(总题数：1，分数：5.00)It is a curious paradox that we think of the physical sciences as “hard“, the social sciences as “soft“, and the biological sciences as somewhere in between. This
20、is interpreted to mean that our knowledge of physical systems is more certain than our knowledge of biological systems, and these in mm are more certain than our knowledge of social systems. In terms of our capacity to sample the relevant universes, however, and the probability that our images of th
21、ese universes are at least approximately correct, one suspects that a reverse order is more reasonable. We are able to sample earths social systems with some degree of confidence that we have a reasonable sample of the total universe being investigated. Our knowledge of social systems, therefore, wh
22、ile it is in many ways extremely inaccurate, is not likely to be seriously overturned by new discoveries. Even the folk knowledge in social systems on which ordinary life is based in earning, spending, organizing, marrying, taking part in political activities, fighting and so on, is not very dissimi
23、lar from the more sophisticated images of the social system derived from the social sciences, even though it is built upon the very imperfect samples of personal experience.In contrast, our image of the astronomical universe, even of earths geological history, can easily be subject to revolutionary
24、changes as new data come in and new theories are worked out. If we define the “security“ of our image of various parts of the total system as the probability of their suffering significant changes, we would reverse the order of hardness and see the social sciences as the most secure, the physical sc
25、iences as the least secure, and again the biological sciences as somewhere in between. Our image of the astronomical universe is the least secure of all simply because we observe such a fantastically small sample of it and its record-keeping is trivial as compared with the rich records of the social
26、 systems, or even the limited records of biological systems. Records of the astronomical universe, despite the fact that we see distant things as they were long ago, are limited in the extreme.Even in regard to such a close neighbor as the moon, which we have actually visited, theories about its ori
27、gin and history are extremely different, contradictory, and hard to choose among. Our knowledge of physical evolution is incomplete and highly insecure.（分数：5.00）(1).The text is mainly, about _.（分数：1.00）A.the relation between physical sciences and social sciencesB.the reasons of reversing traditional
28、 classification of physical and social scienceC.social science is more available than physical scienceD.classification of the physical sciences as “hard“ and the social sciences as “soft“(2).According to the author, we should reverse our classification of the physical sciences as “hard“ and the soci
29、al sciences as “soft“ because_.（分数：1.00）A.a reverse ordering will help promote the development of the physical sciencesB.our knowledge of physical systems is more reliable than that of social systemsC.our understanding of the social system is approximately correctD.we can investigate social phenomen
30、a better than physical phenomena(3).The author believes that our knowledge of social systems is more secure than that of physical systems because_.（分数：1.00）A.it is not based on personal experienceB.new discoveries are less likely to occur in social sciencesC.it is based on a fairly representative qu
31、antity of dataD.the records of social systems are more reliable(4).The chances of the physical sciences being subject to great changes are the biggest because（分数：1.00）A.contradictory theories keep emerging all the timeB.new information is constantly coming in_.C.our knowledge of it is highly insecur
32、eD.only a very small sample of it has been observed(5).45 We know less about the astronomical universe than we do about any social system because_.（分数：1.00）A.theories of its origin and history are variedB.our knowledge of it is highly insecureC.only a very small sample of it has been observedD.few s
33、cientists are involved in the study of astronomy九、Passage 2(总题数：1，分数：5.00)There is a great deal of controversy within the medical profession regarding the use and value of the coronary bypass procedure, and for more than eight years the American Heart Association has discussed the question at its re
34、gular scientific sessions.The bypass operation consists of open heart surgery in which the physician takes a vein from the patients leg and implants it near the heart to construct a passage around the blockage in a clogged artery so that blood can flow freely by. The operation performed on about 100
35、,000 persons a year in the US and costs approximately $10,000. The procedure is designed to relieve tie pain of angina pectoris which occurs when the blood supplys obstructed and also to allow the patient more freedom of sustained activity.In persons with advanced heart disease and blockage in sever
36、al arteries, the bypass operation is considered by most doctors to be the preferable means of prolonging life. In the case of those with a less advanced disease, or where only one artery is involved, the advisability of the procedure is much more controversial. The operation doesnt cure the disease
37、that caused the blocked arteryin the first place. According to some studies, somewhere around half of the patients have another blocked artery within five years, and in some cases even within one year.There is of course a mortality rate in any major operation which varies from physician to physician
38、 and hospital to hospital. The danger to the patient is greatly increased if he is in generally poor condition, very advanced in age, or suffering from some serious or debilitating illness. It is essential that the operation be performed by a skilled surgeon knowledgeable about this particular techn
39、ique and in a hospital with the best possible facilities for his use.（分数：5.00）(1).What is the text revealing?（分数：1.00）A.How to make the coronary bypass operation.B.An objective introduction of the coronary bypass operation.C.The controversy within the medical profession on the coronary bypass proced
40、ure.D.A complete refusal of coronary bypass operation(2).A coronary bypass is an operation_.（分数：1.00）A.to replace the blocked artery with a new oneB.to construct a passage around a blocked arteryC.to cut off the blocked arteryD.to take a vein from the patients leg(3).Many doctors believe that the by
41、pass operation_.（分数：1.00）A.is a better way of prolonging ones lifeB.is the only solution to the blockage of one arteryC.should be used to prevent advanced diseasesD.has no effect at all on serious patients(4).What is the result of the bypass operation?（分数：1.00）A.The patient is relieved of pain.B.The
42、 patients artery condition is improved considerably.C.The patient has a 50% chance of undergoing another operation within five years.D.The patient wont suffer from heart disease any more.(5).It is better that the bypass operation be performed_.（分数：1.00）A.by a skilled surgeonB.in a hospital with good
43、 facilitiesC.while the patient is not suffering from other serious illnessesD.when the patient is in very poor health condition十、Passage 3(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Culture is the sum total of all the traditions, customs, beliefs, and ways of life of a given group of human beings. In this sense, every group has
44、 a culture, however savage, undeveloped, or uncivilized it may seem to us.To the professional anthropologist, there is no intrinsic superiority of one culture over another, just as to the professional linguist there is no intrinsic hierarchy among languages.People once thought of the languages of ba
45、ckward groups as savage, undeveloped forms ofspeech, consisting largely of grunts and groans. While it is possible that language in general began as a series of grunts and groans, it is a fact established by the study of “backward“ languages that no spoken tongue answers that description today. Most
46、 languages of uncivilized groups are, by our most severe standards, extremely complex, delicate, and ingenious pieces of machinery for the transfer of ideas. They fall behind our Western languages not in their sound patterns or grammatical structures, which usually are fully adequate for all languag
47、e needs, but only in their vocabularies, which reflect the objects and activities known to their speakers. Even in this department, however, two things are to be noted: 1. All languages seem to possess the machinery for vocabulary expansion, either by putting together words already in existence or b
48、y borrowing them from other languages and adapting them to their own system. 2. The objects and activities requiring names and distinctions in “backward“ languages, while different from ours, are often surprisingly numerous and complicated. A Western language distinguishes merely between two degrees
49、 of remoteness (“this“ and “that“); some languages of the American Indians distinguish between what is close to the speaker, or to the person addressed, or removed .from both, or out of sight, or in the past, or in the future.This study of language, in turn, casts a new light upon the claim of the anthropologist that all cultures are to be viewed independently and with
