1、上海市高级口译第一阶段笔试分类模拟高级阅读(四)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、SECTION 1 READING TE(总题数：4，分数：50.00)Audiences from minority ethnic groups complained about tokenism, negative stereotyping and simplistic portrayal of their communities on television in a report published yesterday. But programmes such as the come
2、dy shows Goodness Gracious Me and Ali G and the long-running soap Coronation Street were praised as being steps in the right direction. The report, Multicultural Broadcasting: Concept and Reality, was released by the BBC, the Broadcasting Standards Commission, the Independent Television Commission a
3、nd the Radio Authority. It explores attitudes towards multicultural broadcasting from the perspective of the audience and from within the television, radio and advertising industries. All those questioned from minority ethnic groups said their country of origin was not represented at all or was nega
4、tively portrayed on television. There was also a sense of insufficient coverage of events concerning their countries of origin. The perspectives of ethnic and racial minorities were not featured sufficiently on terrestrial television, according to 69% of those working in television. Of the radio sam
5、ple, 45% agreed. There was concern about stereotypical portrayal of certain issues. Groups from the Asian subcontinent spoke of the way in which arranged marriages were presented on television. They felt treatment of the issue was neither accurate nor reflective of the way in which the system had ch
6、anged. The issue of tokenism was also significantsome people felt characters from minority ethnic groups were included in programmes because it was expected they should be, resulting in characters who were ill-drawn and unimportant. Audiences felt broadcasters had a social duty to include authentic
7、and fair representations of minorities as it would foster understanding of different cultures and allow children to see themselves represented positively. It was seen as important that minority groups should be included in soap operas or game shows, as they have high viewing figures. They should als
8、o be more represented as presenters in news and documentary programming. Audiences from the subcontinent said they did not want to be labelled Asian and called for their distinctive cultural identities to be acknowledged. Similarly, those within mixed-race black groups said their issues were rarely
9、represented. Throughout the audience research was an underlying feeling that as all people paid a licence fee for the BBC, it had a greater obligation to cater to minority tastes. Younger white participants tended to find it divisive to have programmes aimed at particular groups, and thought it bett
10、er to concentrate on achieving fairer representation in the mainstream. Both audience and industry groups agreed that although progress had been made in the past five years, there still needed to be better representation of minorities on screen and behind the scenes. It is apparent in the report tha
11、t ethnic minority groups are still under-represented in employment. Only 32% of people in radio and 22% of those in TV agreed that numbers of people from minorities in decision-making roles had increased in the last five years. But the overwhelming feeling among those working in the advertising indu
12、stry was that commercial objectives should take priority. Paul Bolt, director of the BSC, said: “The report shows where things are now and what can be done in developing future policies.“ Weakness in numbers The number of people from minority ethnic groups on air has increased. Only 32% of the TV in
13、dustry sample thought there had been a growth in programming relevant to the groups. In radio the figure was 63%. Only 32% of those working in radio and 22% in television agreed the number of ethnic minority staff in decision-making roles had increased in the last five years. The perspectives of eth
14、nic and racial minorities were not featured sufficiently on terrestrial TV, according to 69% of those in television. Of the radio sample, 45% agreed this was true.（分数：6.00）(1).Which of the following CANNOT be true according to the passage?（分数：3.00）A.The issue of tokenism on television implies the pr
15、ejudice against ethnic minorities.B.The report is based only on the investigation of the audience from minority groups.C.People working in television, radio and advertising industries are all investigated.D.People working in the advertising industry are more concerned with commercial targets.(2).It
16、can be concluded from the passage that _.（分数：3.00）A.the report on multicultural broadcasting is made and released by BBCB.fair representation of minorities should be based on understanding of different culturesC.the situation of tokenism in television, radio and advertising industries varies greatly
17、 from one anotherD.employment of ethnic minorities is well represented on terrestrial televisionCivil-liberties advocates reeling from the recent revelations on surveillance had something else to worry about last week: the privacy of the billions of search queries made on sites like Google, AOL, Yah
18、oo and Microsoft. As part of a long-running court case, the government has asked those companies to turn over information on its users“ search behavior. All but Google have handed over data, and now the Department of Justice has moved to compel the search giant to turn over the goods. What makes thi
19、s case different is that the intended use of the information is not related to national security, but the government“s continuing attempt to police Internet pornography. In 1998, Congress passed the Child Online Protection Act (COPA), but courts have blocked its implementation due to First Amendment
20、 concerns. In its appeal, the DOJ wants to prove how easy it is to inadvertently stumble upon porn. In order to conduct a controlled experimentto be performed by a UC Berkeley professor of statisticsthe DOJ wants to use a large sample of actual search terms from the different search engines. It woul
21、d then use those terms to do its own searches, employing the different kinds of filters each search engine offers, in an attempt to quantify how often “material that is harmful to minors“ might appear. Google contends that since it is not a party to the case, the government has no right to demand it
22、s proprietary information to perform its test. “We intend to resist their motion vigorously,“ said Google attorney Nicole Wong. DOJ spokesperson Charles Miller says that the government is requesting only the actual search terms, and not anything that would link the queries to those who made them. (T
23、he DOJ is also demanding a list of a million Web sites that Google indexes to determine the degree to which objectionable sites are searched.) Originally, the government asked for a treasure trove of all searches made in June and July 2005; the request has been scaled back to one week“s worth of sea
24、rch queries. One oddity about the DOJ“s strategy is that the experiment could conceivably sink its own case. If the built-in filters that each search engine provides are effective in blocking porn sites, the government will have wound up proving what the opposition has said all alongyou don“t need t
25、o suppress speech to protect minors on the Net. “We think that our filtering technology does a good job protecting minors from inadvertently seeing adult content,“ says Ramez Naam, group program manager of MSN Search. Though the government intends to use these data specifically for its COPA-related
26、test, it“s possible that the information could lead to further investigations and, perhaps, subpoenas to find out who was doing the searching. What if certain search terms indicated that people were contemplating terrorist actions or other criminal activities? Says the DOJ“s Miller, “I“m assuming th
27、at if something raised alarms, we would hand it over to the proper authorities.“ Privacy advocates fear that if the government request is upheld, it will open the door to further government examination of search behavior. One solution would be for Google to stop storing the information, but the comp
28、any hopes to eventually use the personal information of consenting customers to improve search performance. “Search is a window into people“s personalities,“ says Kurt Opsahl, an Electronic Frontier Foundation attorney. “They should be able to take advantage of the Internet without worrying about Bi
29、g Brother looking over their shoulders. “（分数：15.00）(1).When the American government asked Google, AOL, Yahoo and Microsoft to turn over information on its users“ search behavior, the major intention is _.（分数：3.00）A.to protect national securityB.to help protect personal freedomC.to monitor Internet p
30、ornographyD.to implement the Child Online Protection Act(2).Google refused to turn over “its proprietary information“ (para. 2) required by DOJ as it believes that _.（分数：3.00）A.it is not involved in the court caseB.users“ privacy is most importantC.the government has violated the First AmendmentD.se
31、arch terms is the company“s business secret(3).The phrase “scaled back to“ in the sentence “the request has been scaled back to one week“s worth of search queries“ (para. 3) can be replaced by _.（分数：3.00）A.maximized toB.minimized toC.returned toD.reduced to(4).In the sentence “One oddity about the D
32、OJ“s strategy is that the experiment could conceivably sink its own case“ (para. 4), the expression “sink its own case“ most probably means that the experiment could _.（分数：3.00）A.counterattack the oppositionB.lead to blocking of porn sitesC.provide evidence to disprove the caseD.give full ground to
33、support the case(5).When Kurt Opsahl says that “They should be able to take advantage of the Internet without worrying about Big Brother looking over their shoulders“ (para. 5), the expression “Big Brother“ is used to refer to _.（分数：3.00）A.a friend or relative showing much concernB.a colleague who i
34、s much more experiencedC.a dominating and all-powerful ruling powerD.a benevolent and democratic organizationHistorically, TV“s interest in “green“ issues has been limited to the green that spends and makes the world go round. (That, and Martians.) As for environmentalism, TV is where people watch S
35、UV ads on energy-sucking giant screens that are as thirsty as a Bavarian at Oktoberfest. But with the greening of politics and pop culturefrom Al Gore to Leo DiCaprio to Homer and Marge in The Simpsons MovieTV is jumping on the biodiesel-fueled band-wagon. In November, NBC (plus Bravo, Sci Fi and ot
36、her sister channels) will run a week of green-themed episodes, from news to sitcoms. CBS has added a “Going Green“ segment to The Early Show. And Fox says it will work climate change into the next season of 24. (“Dammit, Chloe, there“s no time! The polar ice cap“s going to melt in 15 minutes!“) On H
37、GTV“s Living with Ed, actor Ed Begley Jr. offers tips for eco-living from his solar-powered house in Studio City, Calif.see him energy-audit Cheryl Tiegs! while Sundance airs its documentary block “The Green“. MTV will set The Real World: Hollywood in a “green“ house. Next year Discovery launches 24
38、-hour eco-lifestyle channel Planet Green, a plan validated this spring when the eco-minded documentary Planet Earth became a huge hit for Discovery. “Green is part of Discovery“s heritage,“ says Planet Green president Eileen O“Neill. “But as pop culture was starting to recognize it, we realized we c
39、ould do a better job positioning ourselves. “ Clearly this is not all pure altruism. Those popular, energy-stingy compact fluorescent bulbs? NBC“s owner, General Electric, has managed to sell one or two. “When you have them being a market leader and saying this makes good business sense, people list
40、en to that on the TV side,“ says Lauren Zalaznick, Bravo Media president, who is heading NBC“s effort. And green pitches resonate with young and well-heeled viewers (the type who buy Priuses and $2-a-lb. organic apples), two groups the networks are fond of. NBC is confident enough in its green week“
41、s appeal to schedule it in sweeps. It“s an unlikely marriage of motives. Ad-supported TV is a consumption medium: it persuades you to want and buy stuff. Traditional home shows about renovating and decorating are catnip for retailers like Lowe“s and Home Depot. Of course, there are green alternative
42、s to common purchases: renewable wood, Energy Star appliances, hybrid cars. But sometimes the greener choice is simply not to buy so much junknot the friendliest sell to advertisers. The bigger hurdle, though, may be creative. How the NBC shows will work in the messages is still up in the air. (Will
43、 the Deal or No Deal babes wear hemp miniskirts? Will the Bionic Woman get wired for solar?) Interviewed after the 24 announcement, executive producer Howard Gordon hedged a bit on Fox“s green promises. “It“ll probably be more in the props. We might see somebody drive a hybrid.“ Will it work? Green
44、is a natural fit on cable lifestyle shows or news programsthough enlisting a news division to do advocacy has its own issues. But commanding a sitcom like The Office to work in an earnest environmental theme sounds like the kind of high-handed p.r. directive that might be satirized on, well, The Off
45、ice. Even Begleyformerly of St. Elsewherenotes that the movie Chinatown worked because it kept the subplot about the water supply in Los Angeles well in the background: “It“s a story about getting away with murder, and the water story is woven in.“ Of course, in an era of rampant product placement,
46、there are worse things than persuading viewers to buy a less wasteful light bulb by hanging one over Jack Bauer as he tortures a terrorist. The greatest challengefor viewers as well as programmersis not letting entertainment become a substitute for action; making and watching right-minded shows isn“
47、t enough in itself. The 2007 Emmy Awards, for a start, aims to be carbon neutral, solar power, biodiesel generators, hybrids for the stars, bikes for production assistantsthough the Academy cancelled Fox“s idea to change the red carpet, no kidding, to green. The most potent message may be seeing Hol
48、lywood walk the walk, in a town in which people prefer to drive.（分数：15.00）(1).Which of the following does NOT serve as the example to support the statement “TV is jumping on the biodiesel-fueled bandwagon“ (para. 2)?（分数：3.00）A.MTV: The Real World. Hollywood will be set in a “green“ house.B.NBC: The
49、program of the Deal or No Deal will be continued.C.NBC: A week of green-themed episodes is being planned.D.CBS: A “Going Green“ program has been added to The Early Show.(2).By stating that “Clearly this is not all pure altruism“ (para. 4), the author is _.（分数：3.00）A.highly appreciativeB.somewhat criticalC.ironic and negativeD.subjective and passionate(3).Why does the author mention in paragraph 4 the two groups the networks are fond of?（分数：3.00）A.They are the main target of the consumption medium.B.They are the advocates of green
