1、上海市高级口译第一阶段笔试模拟 39 及答案解析(总分：300.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、SECTION 1 LISTENING (总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Part A Spot Dictatio(总题数：1，分数：30.00)The typical job in the new millennium is best viewed as 1 . If you work for someone else, then how long your job lasts is up to the people you work for, and not just you. Your job
2、 can 2 , so you must be prepared to 3 at the drop of a hat. No one 4 . You have to go out and hunt for it. And to be successful you have to be willing to change tactics. If you try something and it doesn“t 5 , move on to another strategy. Employment expert Carol Christen 6 as “when something doesn“t
3、 work, you respond by doing more of it.“ The cure for this kind of insanity is obvious: if you answer ads in the newspapers, if you 7 and send your resume everywhere, and nothing works, don“t just do more of it. 8 . Here are some effective strategies for finding a job. First, talk to successful job-
4、hunters. Identify 9 who have found a job they love. After all, if you want to improve your tennis game, you train with good tennis players. It“s the same with job-hunting. Second, persistence is the name of the game. You must be 10 for your job hunt to last longer than you think. 11 two weeks, or ev
5、en two months. 12 say that typically, the higher the salary you are seeking, the longer the job search can take. Third, go after the job you really want the most. Forget “what“s available out there.“ The most 13 is not found on the Internet or at the library. It“s found by talking to people who are
6、actually 14 and doing the work you“re interested in. The name for this process is“ 15 .“ Fourth, find a support group. Encouragement from others keeps you going. Join 16 in your town or city. If there is no group, 17 of a relative or friend to be a loving “taskmaker“. This is someone you 18 who will
7、 check up on what you“re doingand be 19 if you“ve done nothing since you last met. You want 20 . （分数：30.00）三、Part B Listening Com(总题数：4，分数：20.00)Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following conversation. （分数：5.00）A.Complaints about technology.B.Technology in the workplace.C.Cell phone use in emergenc
8、y.D.Latest models of cell phones.(2).A. They are frustrating to use. B. They are expensive to operate. C. They can cause companies to lose business.D. They can be very convenient sometimes.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.A.To express agreement with the caller“s opinion.B.To signal that she wants to end the call.C.
9、To bring the caller back to his main point.D.To stop the caller from talking so much.A.The ringing sound can be annoying.B.Not every one follows the rules to use them.C.People don“t really need them.D.Some people don“t use them in the right places.A.To give an example to support the caller“s opinion
10、.B.To make sure that she understands the caller“s point.C.To present an opposing point of view.D.To remind the caller that his time is up.Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following news. （分数：5.00）A.Because he successfully brokered many peace talks in the world.B.Because he established the largest
11、bank in Bangladeshi.C.Because he did a lot of translation for the Grameen Bank.D.Because he helped entrepreneurs with the mode of “micro credit“.A.Anti-retro viral drugs are more easily available now.B.3. 4 million people of working age died of AIDS in 2005.C.Research of drugs against AIDS has creat
12、ed new jobs.D.AIDS is undermining the economic growth in many countries.A.Cutting jobs to improve its profit margins.B.Curbing voluntary redundancy and early retirement.C.Building new business models at its German plants.D.Offering guarantees of job security.A.The lucrative drug trafficking would di
13、sappear.B.Gucci and Prada would go bankrupt.C.Airlines and airports would suffer economic losses.D.Sales of duty-free drink and perfume at airports would increase.A.She used to serve as WHO Assistant Director-General.B.She led the research of drugs against SARS.C.She helped provide new services to p
14、revent diseases and promote better health.D.She helped contain the outbreak of bird flu in 1997 in Hong Kong.Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following interview. （分数：5.00）A.The type of people who suffer from sleep loss.B.The causes and effects of sleep loss.C.Ways to avoid sleep loss.D.Accidents
15、 caused by sleep loss.A.To explain her children“s sleep habits.B.To give advice about how to get more sleep.C.To compare sleep loss problems in adults and children.D.To give an example of the causes and effects of sleep loss.A.Poor job performance.B.Car accidents.C.Not making good decisions.D.Fallin
16、g asleep at work.A.She feels that there are more tired drivers now than in the past.B.She understands why people drive when they are tired.C.She thinks that most drivers do not recognize when they are too tired to drive.D.She wants Lian to explain more about her driving habits.(5).A. They should not
17、 drive. B. They should take time off from work. C. They should follow traffic regulations.D. They should drink coffee to wake up.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following talk. （分数：5.00）A.The influence of Andrew Carnegie“s philanthropy today.B.The reasons for Andrew Carnegie“s p
18、hilanthropy.C.The relationship between Andrew Carnegie and other philanthropists.D.The story of Andrew Carnegie“s life.A.He built new schools.B.He built public libraries.C.He asked people to read his book.D.He encouraged people to share their books.A.To describe a difficult time in Carnegie“s life.B
19、.To explain a motivation for Carnegie“s philanthropy.C.To illustrate the problems of poor children.D.To tell the history of philanthropy before Carnegie.A.To improve international communication.B.To make it easier to learn how to read and write.C.To encourage people to read books in English.D.To cha
20、nge the way dictionaries are written.A.She is surprised that Carnegie thought his plan could succeed.B.She understands why Carnegie proposed his idea.C.She doubts whether Carnegie was serious about his plan.D.She regrets that Carnegie“s plan did not succeed.四、SECTION 2 READING TE(总题数：4，分数：50.00)Ever
21、yday, science seems to chip away at our autonomy. When researchers aren“t uncovering physical differences in the way men and women use their brains, they“re asserting genetic influences on intelligence, sexual orientation, obesity or alcoholism. Or they“re suggesting that the level of some brain che
22、mical affects one“s chances of committing violent crimes. Each new finding leaves the impression that nature is winning out over nurturethat biology is destiny and free will an illusion. But the nature-nurture dichotomy is itself an illusion. As many scholars are now realizing, everything we associa
23、te with “nurture“ is at some level a product of our biologyand every aspect of our biology, from brain development to food preference, has been shaped by an environment. Asking whether nature or nurture is more important is like asking whether length or width is a better gauge of size. Darwin recogn
24、ized more than 100 years ago that Homo sapiens evolved by the same process as every other species on earth. And philosophers such as William James were eager to apply Darwin“s insights to human psychology. But during the first part of this century, the rise of “social Darwinism“ (a non-Darwinian, si
25、nk-or-swim political philosophy) and late Nazi eugenics spawned a deep suspicion of biologically inspired social science. By 1954, anthropologist Ashley Montagu was declaring that mankind has “no instincts because everything he is and has becomes what she has learned, acquired, from his culture.“ Th
26、e distinction between innate and acquired seems razor sharp, until you try slicing life with it. Consider the development of the brain. While gestating in the womb, a child develops some 50 trillion neurons. But those cells become functional only as they respond to outside stimuli. During the first
27、year of life, the most frequently stimulated neurons form elaborate networks for processing information, while the others wither and die. You could say that our brains determine the structure of our brains. Social behavior follows the same principle. From the old nature-versus-nurture perspective, a
28、 tendency that isn“t uniformly expressed in every part of the world must be “cultural“ rather than “natural“. But there is no reason to assume that a universal impulse would always find the same expression. As the evolutionists John Tooby and Leda Cosmildes have observed, biology can“t dictate what
29、language a child will speak, what games she“ll feel guilty or jealous about. But it virtually guarantees that she“ll do all of those things, whether she grows up in New Jersey or New Guinea. Biology, in short, doesn“t determine exactly what we“ Il do in life. It determines how different environments
30、 will affect us. And our biology is itself a record of the environments our ancestors encountered. Consider the sexes“ different perceptual styles. Men tend to excel at spatial reasoning, women at spotting stationary objects and remembering their locations. Such discrepancies may have a biological b
31、asis, but researchers have traced the biology back to specific environmental pressures. Archeological findings suggest that men hunted, and women foraged, throughout vast stretches of revolutionary time. And psychologists Irwin Silverman and Marion Eals have noted that “tracking and killing animals
32、entail different kinds of spatial problems than does foraging for edible plants.“（分数：12.50）(1).It can be inferred from the passage that what Montagu emphasized in his explanation is _ . A. biological rootsB. instincts C. culture factors D. animal behavior（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(2).The passage cites exampl
33、es of scholars in the following fields EXCEPT _ .（分数：2.50）A.philosophyB.anthropologyC.psychologyD.chemistry(3).The passage provides information to answer which of the following questions?（分数：2.50）A.Why is the nurture-nature dichotomy an illusion?B.When did William James apply Darwin“s insight to hum
34、an psychology?C.How does biology determine the language a child will speak?D.Where did scientists make archaeological findings?(4).The writer describes the development of the brain with an intention of _ .（分数：2.50）A.illustrating the link between biology and environmentB.showing the importance of bio
35、logyC.reflecting the difference between brain and social behavior developmentD.revealing the complex of a child brain(5).Which of the following statements can be most safely concluded from the passage?（分数：2.50）A.Biology is less important than environments in man“s evolution.B.Biology and environment
36、s work together in man“s evolution.C.Difference between men and women can be explained from the psychological point of view.D.Specific environment provides the only explanation for differences between men and women.A censorship battle between protecting freedom of speech and protecting children from
37、 harmful Internet material is being fought on a rather unlikely fieldthe public library. In almost every city, town and village in the United States there is a public library, and every one of them now has computer terminals for public use. On one side of the battle, the American Library Association
38、 (ALA) is opposed to content filters on library computers with Internet access. On the opposing side, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that libraries must install filters to block indecent websites from library patrons under the age of eighteen. For the time being, the battle scene has stilled, but the
39、ultimate winners in the all-out war for access versus control of the Web in public libraries have yet to be declared. The debate first raged in the U. S. due to the enactment of the federal Children“s Internet Protection Act (CIPA) in 1999. Public libraries, including school libraries, were forced t
40、o install content filters on Internet access terminals or lose certain federal funding. In response, the ALA started a legal battle to have the requirement reversed. In its 1943 Bill of Rights, the ALA said that libraries should present materials that represent many points of view on current and his
41、torical issues and not remove materials with unpopular viewpoints. At the same time, it is the responsibility of libraries to challenge censorship if they suspect it. However, in 2003, the Supreme Court ruled that the filtering was constitutional, and the law should stand. In its decision, the Supre
42、me Court found that filters are “at least as effective“ as government regulation of website operators. Earlier laws imposed criminal punishments on website operators for publishing harmful material. In contrast, CIPA places the burden on those who receive federal fundspublic libraries and school dis
43、trictsto ensure that children do not have access to obscene, pornographic, or other harmful images and text. According to supporters of the law, filters effectively keep out harmful Web content and do not have a negative impact on users. Whereas some libraries such as the San Francisco library syste
44、m oppose the law and have stated they will not abide by it. Other libraries favor the filters and had even used blocking software on their computers before the law required it. In 1998, 15 percent of U. S. libraries used Internet filters, according to one survey. In the middle are libraries that hav
45、e compromised by installing filters only on library terminals reserved for children. Opponents rightly argue that legitimate research sites are being blocked by excessive and harmful filters. They point to numerous examples of harmless websitessuch as home pages of religious and academic institution
46、s- that are blocked by the filter software. Anti-filter groups also charge that the devices do not filter out a substantial portion of inappropriate Internet material. A recent study found that the filters failed to block the transmission of pornography, violence, and hate speech 25 percent of the t
47、ime. Dr. Martha McCarthy, an education professor at Indiana University, expects the Web war between law-makers and librarians to continue to produce court battles. “Despite the Supreme Court decision, there may be challenges to the application of CIPA in some public libraries,“ said McCarthy. For in
48、stance, she said that adults may allege that it is too complicated to turn off the filters when they want to use the computers. She went on to say that the battle between freedom of speech and protection of children is likely to continue with regard to content on the Internet. Clearly, the governmen
49、t needs to find a more viable solution, or the free expression war will continue to rage.（分数：12.50）(1).What is the passage mainly about?（分数：2.50）A.The reasons that libraries oppose Internet censorship.B.The effects of Internet censorship on children in libraries.C.The debate over blocking harmful Internet sites at libraries.D.The disadvantages of Internet blocking software in libraries.(2).In paragraph 3, the author“s primary purpose is _ .（分数：2.50）A.to describe how public libraries use the InternetB.to contrast the CIPA with earlier censorship lawsC.to identify the
