1、上海市高级口译第一阶段笔试模拟 43及答案解析(总分：298.50，做题时间：90 分钟)一、SECTION 1 LISTENING (总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Part A Spot Dictatio(总题数：1，分数：28.50)Perhaps all parents, at some point, look back wistfully at earlier generations and assume that childrearing was easier for them than it is now. Any supposed 1 seems elusive today,
2、when “balancing“ and “juggling“ are the operative words describing many parents“ lives and when 2 and attention is often intense. But now there“s a modest bit of encouraging news: American parents are more involved in their children“s lives than 3 , the U.S. Census Bureau reports. They are reading t
3、o their children more often, eating more meals together, and 4 . At the same time, census takers are not the only ones 5 . New studies and surveys abound on both sides of the Atlantic, trying to 6 of 21st-century families. Individually, each represents a tiny piece of 7 . Collectively, they offer va
4、ried perspectives that attest to the 8 . As if to challenge the trend toward family togetherness reported by the Census Bureau, a study from the government-backed Booktime 9 finds that children spend very little spare time with adults. Working parents have little time 10 , the group reports, and the
5、y 11 to read with children. Even so, the more money a father makes, the more likely he is to read with his children. For mothers, 12 . The higher a woman“s earnings, the less likely she is to read with her children. Perhaps these findings represent cultural differences 13 , or maybe it“s just a case
6、 of British parents being 14 their limited time. American parents are also monitoring their children more closely than in the past, the census reports. For some families, 15 and in unusual ways. A year-old website, HowsMyN, provides a mini-license plate that parents can 16 . Passersby who observe a
7、nanny“s conduct, good or bad, can 17 to the parent“s personal account. In other families, 18 involves everything from nanny cams in the home to GPS monitoring, 19 . What parents and grandparents in previous generations could have imagined such high-tech ways of 20 ? （分数：28.50）三、Part B Listening Com(
8、总题数：4，分数：20.00)Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following conversation. （分数：5.00）A.Just Say No to the KidsB.Discipline is Not a Dirty WordC.Parenting, a Difficult JobD.What are Children Thinking?A.An author who“s been running parenting workshops.B.A child psychologist on practical parenting.C.A jou
9、rnalist who“s interviewed a lot of parents.D.A parent who“s been having a lot of trouble.A.On no occasions.B.On several occasions mentioned in the interview.C.On all occasions.D.On rare, important occasions.A.Because children will be given too many choices.B.Because they will take IF as an incentive
10、.C.Because they will be put in control.D.Because they will challenge against it.A.The I-message.B.The When-Then rule.C.Corporal punishment.D.Don“t end a sentence with OK.6. A.The Federal Reserve cut interest rates to 4.75 percent. B.The reduction of interest rate is offering help to the economy of t
11、he United States. C.The discount rate was reduced by a bold half point. D.The Federal Reserve lowered the discount rate to lubricate credit market.A B C D B解析 6-10WashingtonThe Federal Reserve cut interest rates by a modest quarter-percentage point on Tuesday, disappointing Wall Street hopes for bol
12、der action but offering a bit more help to an economy facing credit strains and a deep housing slump.The central bank“s decision takes the bellwether federal funds rate, which governs overnight lending between banks, down to 4.25 percent. While the action was widely expected, some economists had tho
13、ught the Fed might offer a bolder half-point reduction.In a related move, the Fed trimmed the discount rate it charges for direct loans to banks by a matching quarter point. Here too, some market participants were dissatisfied. Many had thought the Fed would lower the discount rate by more than the
14、federal funds rate to lubricate tight credit markets.San Juan, Puerto RicoSubtropical Storm Olga knocked out power and caused widespread flooding in Puerto Rico on Tuesday and threatened the Caribbean island of Hispaniola with torrential downpours and mudslides.Olga was a relatively weak storm with
15、top sustained winds of 45 mph and forecasters at the U.S. National Hurricane Center predicted strong winds in the upper atmosphere would start to tug it apart on Wednesday.They said Olga“s greatest threat was its torrential rains.“These rains have already produced life-threatening flash floods and m
16、udslides in Puerto Rico,“ the forecasters said in an advisory.Tropical storm warnings and watches were issued for parts of Haiti and the Dominican Republic, which share the island of Hispaniola, and for the Turks and Caicos islands and the southeastern Bahamas.ParisNew passenger car registrations in
17、 the European Union in November fell 1.3 percent to 1.217 million vehicles from a year ago but were up 0.9 percent over the first 11 months, the ACEA European car association said on Friday.Total European sales were down 1.1 percent in November and rose 1.1 percent for the 11 months.ACEA said privat
18、e demand in most of the countries of western Europe was damped by sharp rises in fuel prices, loss of purchasing power and regulatory changes.Among car makers, Volkswagen Group remained the market leader for the 11 months, but its market share slipped to 19.7 percent from 20.1 percent.LondonThe Euro
19、pean Medicines Agency said on Friday that new warnings for doctors and patients were needed to increase awareness of cases of suicidal thoughts linked to Pfizer Inc“s new smoking cessation pill.Pfizer has been asked to submit changes to the marketing information for the product sold as Champix in Eu
20、rope and Chantix in the United Statesbefore Dec. 19.The move follows similar action by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, which issued a warning last month about Chantix, amid reports of suicidal thoughts and behaviour, and at least one death potentially linked to the medication.Pfizer said ther
21、e was no scientific evidence establishing a causal relationship between its medicine and these reported events, adding it was working closely with the European watchdog to review case histories.New YorkA Inc, the Web retailer known for selling books, said it had paid about $ 4 million to buy a handw
22、ritten, illustrated book of wizardry by “Harry Potter“ author J.K. Rowling.Sotheby“s on Thursday held an auction for the book called “The Tales of Beedle the Bard“, which was mentioned in the last Potter book as having been left to Harry“s friend Hermione by their teacher, Albus Dumbledore.London de
23、aler Hazlitt, Gooden and Fox had the winning bid of 1. 95 million pounds ( $ 3.98 million) on behalf of Amazon. com.All proceeds from the sale will go to the Children“s Voice, a charity Rowling co-founded in 2005 to help vulnerable children across Europe.Amazon. com has posted several pictures of th
24、e bookwhich it handles with white glovesand a review of one tale called “The Wizard and the Hopping Pot“ on the Web site. The company plans to post reviews of all five tales.6: According to the report, which of the following statements is true?7. A.Torrential rains and mudslides led to heavy casualt
25、ies. B.Storm Olga caused a failure of electrical power and flooded the area. C.Strong winds in the upper atmosphere tugged Storm Olga apart. D.Tropical storm warnings and watches were issued.A B C D B解析 What happened in Puerto Rico on Tuesday?8. A.It has fallen down compared with the previous year.
26、B.Total European sales were down over the first 11 months. C.Private demand in most western European countries were depressed for a number of reasons. D.Volkswagen Group was no longer the market leader since its market share dropped.A B C D A解析 What can we find about the new passenger car registrati
27、on in the European Union?9. A.That there was scientific evidence proving the causal relationship between a certain kind of medicine and suicidal cases. B.That healthcare worker should pay more attention to cases of suicidal thoughts linked to a new smoking cessation pill. C.That it would warn agains
28、t the clinical application of a new smoking cessation pill. D.That it would ask Pfizer Inc to submit changes to the marketing information.A B C D B解析 What did the European Medicines Agency say on Friday?10. A.It paid $ 4 million for a handwritten, illustrated version of “Harry Porter“. B.It donated
29、money to a charity co-founded by J. K. Rowling. C.It won the bid in an auction for a book written by J. K. Rowling. D.It posted reviews of all the tales on the Website.A B C D C解析 According to the report, what did the web retailer, Amazon. com do?（分数：5.00）A.The Federal Reserve cut interest rates to
30、4.75 percent.B.The reduction of interest rate is offering help to the economy of the United States.C.The discount rate was reduced by a bold half point.D.The Federal Reserve lowered the discount rate to lubricate credit market.A.Torrential rains and mudslides led to heavy casualties.B.Storm Olga cau
31、sed a failure of electrical power and flooded the area.C.Strong winds in the upper atmosphere tugged Storm Olga apart.D.Tropical storm warnings and watches were issued.A.It has fallen down compared with the previous year.B.Total European sales were down over the first 11 months.C.Private demand in m
32、ost western European countries were depressed for a number of reasons.D.Volkswagen Group was no longer the market leader since its market share dropped.A.That there was scientific evidence proving the causal relationship between a certain kind of medicine and suicidal cases.B.That healthcare worker
33、should pay more attention to cases of suicidal thoughts linked to a new smoking cessation pill.C.That it would warn against the clinical application of a new smoking cessation pill.D.That it would ask Pfizer Inc to submit changes to the marketing information.A.It paid $ 4 million for a handwritten,
34、illustrated version of “Harry Porter“.B.It donated money to a charity co-founded by J. K. Rowling.C.It won the bid in an auction for a book written by J. K. Rowling.D.It posted reviews of all the tales on the Website.Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following Interview. （分数：5.00）A.Women are more
35、stressed out than men.B.Stress reducing in holiday seasons.C.Life with extreme stress.D.What makes people more stressful?(2).A. A chief editor.B. A psychologist. C. A program presenter.D. A columnist.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.A.Women are bearing the burden for the holidays by themselves.B.Women needs to sati
36、sfy their children“s expectations.C.Women have to take care of family relationships during this period.D.Women may feel they are not doing it as well as their mothers did.A.That you should depend on yourself in an aviation accident.B.That you should realize that your life is more important than othe
37、rs.C.That you should focus on giving help to other people before saving yourself.D.That you should get rid of your guilt in order to achieve stress reducing.A.Eat right.B.Get enough rest.C.Listen to the advices.D.Take time to contemplate.Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following talk. （分数：5.00）A
38、.Celebrity life.B.Chronic back pain.C.Healthcare for people in all walks of life.D.Diet and pain.A.Pregnancy.B.Lack of exercise.C.Overweight.D.Osteoporosis.A.Relaxation therapy.B.Pain killers.C.Exercise routines.D.Diet.A.Sufferers from back pain are not able to move around.B.It is usually better at
39、self-repair.C.A back injury is usually more painful.D.Its response to injury often results in more damage.A.It is advised for extreme pain only.B.It is advised for pain lasting more than two days.C.It is advised for a maximum of two days.D.It is advised when one is unable to hold his or her spine.四、
40、SECTION 2 READING TE(总题数：4，分数：50.00)In developing a model of cognition, we must recognize that perception of the external world does not always remain independent of motivation. While progress toward maturity is positively correlated with differentiation between motivation and cognition, tension wil
41、l, even in the mature adult, militate towards a narrowing of the range of perception. Cognition can be seen as the first step in the sequence events leading from the external stimulus to the behavior of the individual. The child develops from belief that all things are an extension of its own body t
42、o the recognition that objects exist independent of his perception. He begins to demonstrate awareness of people and things which are removed from his sensory apparatus and initiates goal-directed behaviors. He may, however, refuse to recognize the existence of barriers to the attainment of his goal
43、, despite the fact that his cognition of these objects has been previously demonstrated. In the primitive beings, goal-directed behavior can be very simple motivated. The presence of an attractive object will cause an infant to reach for it; its removal will result in the cessation of that action. S
44、tudies have shown no evidence of the infant“s frustration; rather, it appears that the infant ceases to desire the object when he cannot see it. Further indications are that the infant“s attention to the attractive object increase as a result of its not being in his grasp. In fact, if he holds a toy
45、 and another is presented, he is likely to drop the first in order to clutch the second. Often, once he has the one desired in his hands, he loses attention and turns to something else. In adult life, mere cognition can be similarly motivational, although the visible presence of the opportunity is n
46、ot required as the instigator of response. The mature adult modifies his reaction by obtaining information, interpreting it, and examining consequences. He formulates a hypothesis and attempts to test it. He searches out implicit relationships, examines all factors, and differentiates among them. Ju
47、st as the trained artist can separate the value of color, composition, and technique, while taking in and evaluating the whole work, so, too, the mature person brings his cognitive learning strengths to bear in appraising a situation. Understanding that cognition is separate from action, his reactio
48、ns are only minimally guided from conditioning, and take into consideration anticipatable events. The impact of the socialization process, particularly that of parental and social group ideology, may reduce cognitively directed behavior. The tension thus produced, as for instance the stress of fear,
49、 anger, or extreme emotion, will often be the overriding influence. The evolutionary process of development from body schema through cognitive learning is similarly manifested in the process of language acquisition. Auditing develops first, reading and writing much later on. Not only is this evident in the development of the individual being from infancy on, but also in the development of language for humankind. Every normal infant has the physiological equipment necessary to produce sound, but the child must first master their use for s
