1、上海市高级口译第一阶段笔试模拟 57 及答案解析(总分：300.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、SECTION 1 LISTENING (总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Part A Spot Dictatio(总题数：1，分数：30.00)However mean your life is, 1 ; do not shun it and 2 . It is not so bad as you are. It 3 when you are richest. The fault-finder will 4 Love your life, poor as it is. You may perhap
2、s have some 5 hours, even in a poor-house. The 6 is reflected from the windows of the alms-house 7 from the rich man“s abode; the snow melts before its door 8 I do not see but 9 may live as contentedly there, and have 10 , as in a palace. The town“s poor seem to me often to live the 11 of any. May b
3、e they are 12 to receive 13 . Most think that they are above 14 by the town; but it often happens that they are not above supporting themselves by 15 Which should be more disreputable? 16 like a garden herb, like a sage. Do not 17 to get new things, whether clothes or friends, 18 , return to them. T
4、hings do not change; 19 Sell your clothes and 20 （分数：30.00）三、Part B Listening Com(总题数：4，分数：20.00)Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following conversation. （分数：5.00）A.Because many Australians are taking time off to travel.B.Because the woman worked for some time in New Zealand.C.Because the woman rai
5、sed enough money for travel.D.Because Australians prefer to work in New Zealand.A.Cleanness.B.Multi-ethnicity.C.Modern characteristics.D.Shopping opportunities.A.Respective locations.B.Historic interests.C.Ancient tombs.D.Jewish descendants.A.Amusement.B.Disbelief.C.Ecstasy.D.Delight.A.The unsettled
6、ness of travel.B.The difficulties of trekking.C.The loneliness of travel.D.The unfamiliar environmentQuestions 6 to 10 are based on the following news. （分数：5.00）A.Rioters should be executed.B.There was no fraud in the election.C.More than 17 people died in the violence.D.Thousands of Iranians had vi
7、sited Tehran“s main cemetery.A.The industry has come down.B.Negative growth of exports has come up.C.Government stimulus spending.D.The boost of stock market.A.Three.B.Ten.C.Fourteen.D.Thirty.A.The Internet file-sharing services have made the entertainment companies lose lots of money.B.The Internet
8、 file-sharing companies have led their customers to download copyright materials.C.The Internet file-sharing companies have download copyright materials themselves:D.The Internet file-sharing companies are recovering money by downloading copyright materials.A.Three people on a village lane.B.A bridg
9、e built to commemorate the Olympics.C.Several vehicles on a suburban highway.D.A building near a police station.Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following interview. （分数：5.00）A.She owned a car.B.She drove well.C.She liked drivers“ uniforms.D.It was her childhood dream.A.The right sense of directi
10、on.B.The sense of judgment.C.The skill of maneuvering.D.The size of vehicles.A.Seeing interesting buildings in the city.B.Being able to enjoy the world of nature.C.Driving in unsettled weather.D.Taking long drives outside the city.A.Uncaring.B.Strict.C.Affectionate.D.Permissive.A.Rather difficult to
11、 please.B.Rude to women drivers.C.Talkative and generous with tips.D.Different in personality.Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following talk. （分数：5.00）A.The expansion of its loan program.B.The inclusion of its hard loans.C.The inclusion of its soft loans.D.The previous lending policies.A.Relucta
12、nce of people in poor countries to have small families.B.Lack of basic health services and inequality in income distribution.C.The discovery that a low fertility rate would lead to economic development.D.Poor nutrition and low literacy in many poor countries of the world.A.Be more involved in big in
13、frastructure projects.B.Adopt similar investment strategies in poor and rich countries.C.Embark upon a review of the investment in huge dams and steel mills.D.Invest in projects that would benefit the low-income sector of society.A.Colossal travel expenses of its staff.B.Fixed annual loans to certai
14、n countries.C.Limited impact of the bank“s projects.D.Role as a financial deal-maker.A.Biased.B.Unfriendly.C.Objective.D.Sensational.四、SECTION 2 READING TE(总题数：4，分数：50.00)Questions 15 Why the inductive and mathematical sciences, after their first rapid development at the culmination of Greek civiliz
15、ation, advanced so slowly for two thousand yearsand why in the following two hundred years a knowledge of natural and mathematical science has accumulated, which so vastly exceeds all that was previously known that these sciences may be justly regarded as the products of our own timesare questions w
16、hich have interested the modern philosopher not less than the objects with which these sciences are more immediately conversant. Was it the employment of a new method of research, or in the exercise of greater virtue in the use of the old methods, that this singular modern phenomenon had its origin?
17、 Was the long period one of arrested development, and is the modern era one of normal growth? Or should we ascribe the characteristics of both periods to so-called historical accidentsto the influence of conjunctions in circumstances of which no explanation is possible, save in the omnipotence and w
18、isdom of a guiding Providence? The explanation which has become commonplace, that the ancients employed deduction chiefly in their scientific inquiries, while the moderns employ induction, proves to be too narrow, and fails upon close examination to point with sufficient distinctness the contrast th
19、at is evident between ancient and modern scientific doctrines and inquiries. For all knowledge is founded on observation, and proceeds from this by analysis, by synthesis and analysis, by induction and deduction, and if possible by verification, or by new appeals to observation under the guidance of
20、 deductionby steps which are indeed correlative parts of one method; and the ancient sciences afford examples of every one of these methods, or parts of one method, which have been generalized from the examples of science. A failure to employ or to employ adequately any one of these partial methods,
21、 an imperfection in the arts and resources of observation and experiment, carelessness in observation, neglect of relevant facts, by appeal to experiment and observationthese are the faults which cause all failures to ascertain truth, whether among the ancients or the moderns; but this statement doe
22、s not explain why the modern is possessed of a greater virtue, and by what means he attained his superiority. Much less does it explain the sudden growth of science in recent times. The attempt to discover the explanation of this phenomenon in the antithesis of “facts“ and “theories“ or “facts“ and
23、“ideas“in the neglect among the ancients of the former, and their too exclusive attention to the latterproves also to be too narrow, as well as open to the charge of vagueness. For in the first place, the antithesis is not complete. Facts and theories are not coordinate species. Theories, if true, a
24、re factsa particular class of facts indeed, generally complex, and if a logical connection subsists between their constituents, have all the positive attributes of theories. Nevertheless, this distinction, however inadequate it may be to explain the source of true method in science, is well founded,
25、 and connotes an important character in true method. A fact is a proposition of simple. A theory, on the other hand, if true has all the characteristics of a fact, except that its verification is possible only by indirect, remote, and difficult means. To convert theories into facts is to add simple
26、verification, and the theory thus acquires the full characteristics of a fact.（分数：12.50）(1).The title that best expresses the ideas of this passage is _.（分数：2.50）A.Philosophy of MathematicsB.The Recent Growth in ScienceC.The Verification of FactsD.Methods of Scientific Inquiry(2).According to the au
27、thor, one possible reason for the growth of science during the days of the ancient Greeks and in modern times is _.（分数：2.50）A.the similarity between the two periodsB.that it was an act of GodC.that both tried to develop the inductive methodD.due to the decline of the deductive method(3).The differen
28、ce between “fact“ and “theory“ _.（分数：2.50）A.is that the latter needs confirmationB.rests on the simplicity of the formerC.is the difference between the modern scientists and the ancient GreeksD.helps us to understand the deductive method(4).According to the author, mathematics is _.（分数：2.50）A.an ind
29、uctive scienceB.in need of simple verificationC.a deductive scienceD.based on fact and theory(5).The statement “theories are facts“ may be called _.（分数：2.50）A.a metaphorB.a paradoxC.an appraisal of the inductive and deductive methodsD.a punQuestions 610 Science is a dominant theme in our culture. Si
30、nce it touches almost every facet of our life, educated people need at least some acquaintance with its structure and operation. They should also have an understanding of the subculture in which scientists live and the kinds of people they are. An understanding of general characteristics of science
31、as well as specific scientific concepts is easier to attain if one knows something about the things that excite and frustrate the scientist. This book is written for the intelligent student or lay person whose acquaintance with science is superficial; for the person who has been presented with scien
32、ce as a musty storehouse of dried facts; for the person who sees the chief objective of science as the production of gadgets; and for the person who views the scientists as some sort of magician. The book can be used to supplement a course in any science, to accompany any course that attempts to giv
33、e an understanding of the modern world, of-independently of any coursesimply to provide a better understanding of science. We hope this book will lead readers to a broader perspective on scientific attitudes and a more realistic view of what science is, who scientists are, and what they do. It will
34、give them an awareness and understanding of the relationship between science and our culture and an appreciation of the roles science may play in our culture. In addition, readers may learn to appreciate the relationship between scientific views and some of the values and philosophies that are perva
35、sive in our culture. We have tried to present in this book an accurate and up-to-date picture of the scientific community and the people who populate it. That population has in recent years come to comprise more and more women. This increasing role of women in the scientific subculture is not an uni
36、que incident but, rather, part of the trend evident in all segments of society as more women enter traditionally male-dominated fields and make significant contributions. In discussing these changes and contribution, however, we are faced with a language that is implicitly sexist, one that uses male
37、 nouns or pronouns in referring to unspecified individuals. To offset this built-in bias, we have adopted the policy of using plural nouns and pronouns whenever possible and, when absolutely necessary, alternating he and she. This policy is far from being ideal, but it is at least an acknowledgment
38、of the inadequacy of our language in treating half of the human race equally. We have also tried to make the book entertaining as well as informative. Our approach is usually informal. We feel, as do many other scientists, that we shouldn“t take ourselves too seriously. As the reader may observe, we
39、 see science as a delightful pastime rather than as a grim and dreary way to earn a living.（分数：12.50）(1).According to the passage, “scientific subculture“ means _.（分数：2.50）A.cultural groups that are formed by scientistsB.people whose knowledge of science is very limitedC.the scientific communityD.pe
40、ople who make good contribution to science(2).We need to know something about the structure and operation of science because _.（分数：2.50）A.it is not easy to understand the things that excite and frustrate scientistsB.science affects almost every aspect of our lifeC.scientists live in a specific subcu
41、ltureD.it is easier to understand general characteristics of science(3).The book mentioned in this passage is written for readers who _.（分数：2.50）A.are intelligent college students or lay persons who do not know much about scienceB.are good at producing various gadgetsC.work in a storehouse of dried
42、factsD.want to have a superficial understanding of science(4).According to this passage,_.（分数：2.50）A.English is a sexist languageB.only in the scientific world is the role of women increasing rapidlyC.women are making significant contributions to eliminating the inadequacy of our languageD.male noun
43、s or pronouns should not be used to refer to scientists(5).This passage most probably is _.（分数：2.50）A.a book reviewB.the preface of a bookC.the postscript of a bookD.the concluding part of a bookQuestions 1115 Of all the troubles that US troops may face when they come home, getting their old jobs ba
44、ck should not be one. Uncle Sam supposedly took care of that with a law saying civilians turned soldiers cannot be fired for serving their countryor denied the right to sue in federal court. That is why returning veterans should hear the story of Michael Garrett. Thirteen years ago, Captain Garrett
45、of the US Marine Corps traded his camouflage utility uniform for the business-casual dress of a Circuit City service manager. The electronics company was booming, and Garrett could still get his dose of a soldier“s life as a member of the Marine Reserve. For almost a decade, Garrett ascended the com
46、pany“s ranks. But in October 2002, with war in Iraq near certain, his bosses asked whether he would go on active duty, according to Garrett. He said it was possible, and within weeks, the sniping began, his department took too long with repairs, one boss said, and its work was sometimes shoddy. Then
47、, on March 17two days before the US invaded IraqGarrett got fired. The company declined to comment, saying only that it “supported the mission and values of the United States Armed Forces“. But Garrett said the timing was no coincidence, he lost his job because of his military status. If true, that
48、would violate a 1994 federal law. So Garrett sued Circuit City, only to see it spring yet another surprise. Garrett, the company said, had to take his case to private arbitration, a quasi-legal process offering sharply limited rights. Garrett acknowledged that his employment contract required arbitr
49、ation, but he argued that the 1994 Act overrode the contract. A federal judge in Dallas agreed in 2004, just before Garrett was activated for a 10-month tour in the Horn of Africa. Last year, though, the US Court of Appeals in New Orleans reversed that decision, becoming the first court to rule that a contract crafted to help employers trump the law designed to protect the rights of veterans. “That just blows me away,“ says Garrett, whose case heads for arbitration. No one knows how many veterans are in a similar bind, but the nu
