1、托福-练习六及答案解析(总分：40.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Passage 1(总题数：1，分数：13.00)A Messenger from the PastHis people said good-bye and watched him walk off toward the mountains. They had little reason to fear for his safety: the man was well dressed in insulated clothing and equipped with tools needed to survive the Alpi
2、ne climate. However, as weeks passed without his return, they must have grown worried, then anxious, and finally resigned. After many years everyone who knew him had died, and a note even a memory of the man remained.Then, on an improbably distant day, he came down from the mountain. Things had chan
3、ged a bit: it wasnt the Bronze Age anymore, and he was a celebrity.When a melting glacier released its hold on a 4,000-year-old corpse in September, it was quite rightly called one of the most important archeological finds of the century. Discovered by a German couple hiking at 10,500 feet in the It
4、alian Tyrol near the Austrian border, the partially freeze-dried body still wore remnants of leather garments and boots that had been stuffed with straw for insulation. The hikers alerted scientists from the University of Innsbruck in Austria, whose more complete examination revealed that the man wa
5、s tattooed on his back and behind his knee. At his side was a bronze ax of a type typical in southern central Europe around 2000 BC. On his expedition perhaps to hunt or to search for metal ore-he had also carried an all-purpose stone knife, a wooden backpack, a bow and a quiver, a small bag contain
6、ing a flint lighter and kindling, and an arrow repair kit in a leather pouch.Such everyday gear gives an unprecedented perspective on life in early Bronze Age Europe. “The most exciting thing is that we genuinely appear to be looking at a man who had some kind of accident in the course of a perfectl
7、y ordinary trip,“ says archeologist Ian Kinnes of the British Museum. “These are not artifacts placed in a grave, but the fellows own possessions. “Unlike the Egyptians and Mesopotamians of the time, who had more advanced civilizations with cities and central authority, the Ice Man and his countryme
8、n lived in a society built around small, stable villages. He probably spoke in a tongue ancestral to current European languages. Furthermore, though he was a member of a farming culture, he may well have been hunting when he died, to add meat to his familys diet. X-rays of the quiver showed that it
9、contained 14 arrows. While his backpack was empty, careful exploration of the trench where he died revealed remnants of animal skin and bones at the same spot where the pack lay. There was also the remainder of a pile of berries. Clearly the man didnt starve to death.The trench provided him so with
10、shelter from the elements, and he also had a braided mat of grass to keep him warm. If injury or illness caused the Ice Mans death, an autopsy on the 4,000-year-old victim could turn up some clues. The circumstances of his death may have preserved such evidence, as well as other details of his life.
11、 （分数：13.00）(1).The author describes what happened to the Ice Man and how his friends and family felt about his loss in paragraph 1 in order to _.A. tell the readers a true story about the Ice Man and his familyB. tell the readers about the cause of the Ice Mans deathC. provide some information about
12、 the life 4,000 years agoD. introduce some background to the Ice Man in a vivid way（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The word “resign“ in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to _.A. give up B. stop work C. leave away D. take off（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).According to paragraph 2, in stating that “he came down from the m
13、ountain“ the author means _.A. the Ice Man walked down from the mountainB. the Ice Man woke up in the mountainC. the Ice Mans body was brought down from the mountainD. the Ice Man was dead while walking down the mountain（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).According to paragraph 3, when the Ice Man was found, he wa
14、s wearing _.A. insulated clothing and tools made of stoneB. clothes made of leather and boots filled with strawC. garments and boots made of animal skinsD. cotton clothes and boots made of leather（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The word “whose“ in paragraph 3 refers to the _.A. Ice Man B. scientists C. hikers
15、D. leather garments.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(6).Which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph 3 about the Ice Man?A. He lived in a very poor condition.B. He was on his expedition to search for metal ore.C. The scientists have no idea about why he was out.D. The natural environment was very harsh fo
16、r him.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(7).According to Ian Kinnes, the unique value of the Ice Man is _.A. he has been buried in ice for 4,000 yearsB. he lived in early Bronze Age EuropeC. his death was caused by some kind of accidentD. his belongings reflect the everyday life 4,000 years ago（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(8).T
17、he word “tongue“ in paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to the Ice Mans _.A. mouth B. accentC. style D. language（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(9).Look at the four squares, , , and （分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(10).According to paragraph 6, the author uses “such evidence“ to refer to _.A. proof of how the Ice Man diedB. clues
18、to how the Ice Man diedC. theories describing how the Ice Man may have diedD. the circumstances in which the Ice Man lived（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(11).Paragraph 7 discusses the study of the Ice Mans DNA, which includes all of the following EXCEPT _.A. the hot TV lights thrown on the body may damage its tis
19、suesB. he is only a single individual and more specimens are neededC. scientists are very optimistic about his genetic informationD. the DNA sequences will be the most valuable part of the discovery（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(12).The author believes that more messengers from the past can be got because _.A. f
20、our more Ice Men were found in AustrianB. melting ice due to the warmer climate may reveal somethingC. there will be more and more people looking for themD. scientists have invented more advanced technologies to find them（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(13).Directions: Complete the table below about the Ice Man di
21、scussed in the passage. This question is worth 3 points.Location_Finders_Study Results_Answer ChoicesA. The Ice Man was discovered by two hikers.B. It is certain that his death was not caused by starvation.C. The Ice Man was found in Italy.D. There were many everyday apparatus at his side.E. The Ice
22、 Man was discovered in Austrian.F. The Ice Man lived in around 2000 BC.G. A long DNA sequence of him was recovered.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_二、Passage 2(总题数：1，分数：13.00)The Digital DivideThe Challenge of Technology and EquityInformation technology is influencing the way many of us live and work today. We use t
23、he Internet to look and apply for jobs, shop, conduct research, make airline reservations, and explore areas of interest. We use email and the Internet to communicate instantaneously with friends and business associates around the world. Computers are commonplace in homes and the workplace.Although
24、the number of internet users is growing exponentially each year, most of the worlds population does not have access to computers or the Internet. Only 6 percent of the population in developing countries are connected to telephones. Although more than 94 percent of U.S. households have telephones, on
25、ly 42 percent have personal computers at home and 26 percent have Internet access. The lack of what most of us would consider a basic communications necessity-the telephone-does not occur just in developing nations. On some native American reservations only 60 percent of the residents have a telepho
26、ne. The move to wireless connections may eliminate the need for telephone lines, but it does not remove the barrier to equipment costs.Who has Internet access? Fifty percent of the children in urban households with an income over $ 75,000 have Internet access, compared with 2 percent of the children
27、 in low-income, rural households. Nearly half of college-educated people have Internet access, compared to 6 percent of those with only some high school education. Forty percent of households with two parents have access; 15 percent of female, single-parent households do. Thirty percent of white hou
28、seholds, 11 percent of black households, and 13 percent of Hispanic households have access. Teens and children are the two fastest-growing segments of Internet users. The digital divide between the populations who have access to the Internet and information technology tools is based on income, race,
29、 education, household type, and geographic location. Only 16 percent of the rural poor, rural and central city minorities, young householders, and single-parent female households are connected.Another problem that exacerbates these disparities is that African-Americans, Hispanics, and native America
30、ns hold few of the jobs in information technology. Women hold about 20 percent of these jobs and are receiving fewer than 30 percent of the computer science degrees. The result is that women and members of the most oppressed ethnic groups are not eligible for the jobs with the highest salaries at gr
31、aduation. Baccalaureate candidates with degrees in computer science were offered the highest salaries of all new college graduates in 1998 at $ 44,949.Do similar disparities exist in schools? More than 90 percent of all schools in the country are wired with at least one Internet connection. The numb
32、er of classrooms with Internet connections differs by the income level of students. Using the percentage of students who are eligible for free lunches at a school to determine income level, we see that nearly twice as many of the schools with more affluent students have wired classrooms as those wit
33、h high concentrations of low-income students. Access to computers and the Internet will be important in reducing disparities between groups. （分数：13.00）(1).Why does the author mention the telephone in paragraph 2?A. To demonstrate that even technology like the telephone is not available to all.B. To
34、argue that basic telephone service is a first step to using the Internet.C. To contrast the absence of telephone usage with that of Internet usage.D. To describe the development of communications from telephone to Internet.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Which of the sentences below best expresses the informat
35、ion in the highlighted statement in the passage? The other choices change the meaning: or leave out important information.A. Most of the people in the world use the Internet now because the number of computers has been increasing every year.B. The number of people who use computers and the Internet
36、is increasing every year, but most people in the world still do not have connections.C. The number of computers that can make the Internet available to most of the people in the world is not increasing fast enough.D. The Internet is available to most of the people in the world, even though they dont
37、 have their own computer terminals.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The word “residents“ in the passage is closest in meaning to _.A. homes B. towns C. people D. locations（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The word “eliminate“ in the passage is closest in meaning to _.A. accept B. dispute C. define D. remove（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.
38、(5).Based on information in paragraph 3, which of the following best explains the term “digital divide“?A. The number of Internet users in developing nations.B. The disparity in the opportunity to use the Internet.C. Differences in socioeconomic levels among Internet users.D. Segments of the populat
39、ion with Internet access.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(6).Why does the author give details about the percentages of Internet users in paragraph 3?A. To prove that there are differences in opportunities among social groups.B. To argue for more Internet connections at all levels of society.C. To suggest that impr
40、ovements in Internet access are beginning to take place.D. To explain why many people have Internet connections now.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(7).According to paragraph 3, which of the following households would be least likely to have access to the Internet?A. A household with one parent.B. A black househol
41、d.C. A Hispanic household.D. A household with both parents.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(8).The word “those“ in the passage refers to _.A. classrooms B. students C. schools D. concentrations（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(9).According to paragraph 4, why are fewer women and minorities employed in the field of computer techno
42、logy?A. They are not admitted to the degree programs.B. They do not possess the educational qualifications.C. They do not have an interest in technology.D. They prefer training for jobs with higher salaries.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(10).The word “concentrations“ in the passage is closest in meaning to _.A.
43、protections B. numbers C. confidence D. support（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(11).What can be inferred from paragraph 6 about Internet access?A. Better computers need to be designed.B. Schools should provide newer computers for students.C. The cost of replacing equipment is a problem.D. Technology will be more h
44、elpful in three years.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(12).Look at the four squares, , , and （分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(13).Directions: An introduction for a short summary of the passage appears below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that mention the most important points in the passage. Some sen
45、tences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not included in the passage or are minor points from the passage. This question is worth 2 points.The availability of technology is unequal throughout the world._Answer ChoicesA. Currently, only about 10 percent of all the schoo
46、ls in the United States are not wired for Internet access.B. Less affluent schools have fewer Internet connections, and minorities as well as women hold fewer computer science degrees.C. Children and teenagers are the two fastest-growing segments of the population gaining access to the Internet.D. I
47、nternet access is limited by education, income, geographic location, race, and the age and marital status of the head of household.E. Computer science graduates can earn almost $ 50,000.F. Access to the Internet is one way to encourage equality among diverse groups（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_三、Passage 3(总题数：1，分
48、数：14.00)Finding LongitudeFrom ancient times, sea voyagers were able to calculate latitude with reasonable accuracy. They did this at night by measuring the angle of the pole star above the horizon and at noon by measuring the angle of the sun above the horizon. However, the problem of calculating lo
49、ngitude, or degrees east or west of a meridian line running north to south from pole to pole, was intractable. Even on land this calculation was difficult. In the 1600s, an Italian scientist published tables giving the times of the eclipses of Jupiters moons. From these tables it was possible to calculate longitude east or west of a given point by comparing the local time at which eclipses happened with the time given in the
