1、托福真题 2009 年 4 月 3 日及答案解析(总分：30.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BSPEAKING/B(总题数：6，分数：30.00)1.Describe one important thing you have ever learnt in your childhood. Include reasons and details to support your response.（分数：5.00）_2.“Instead of always being busy, one should have a relaxed life style.“ Do you agree or disa
2、gree with the above statement? Why or why not? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.（分数：5.00）_3.New Policies on School NewspaperThe school newspaper will eliminate event reports and news comments in the future issues, and this is due to some practical concerns: firstly, our schoo
3、l website is providing some news reports and comments that students can read and download easily from school official websites; secondly, due to its difficulties and extra working hours, there are not enough student reporters who are willing to write critical comments on the latest news.Question: Th
4、e woman expresses her opinion towards the universitys decision to eliminate news comments on school newspaper. State her opinion and explain the reasons she gives for holding that opinion.（分数：5.00）_4.PrimingPriming, one kind of implicit memory effects, refers to an increased sensitivity to certain s
5、timuli due to prior experience. It can occur after perceptual, semantic, or conceptual stimulus repetition and it can affect the subjects judgment. It happens, for example, if a person reads a list of words including the word “table“, and is later asked to complete a word starting with “tab“, the pr
6、obability that he answer “table“ is greater than if not so primed.The effects of priming can be very salient and long lasting, even more so than simple recognition memory. Unconscious priming effects can affect word choice on a word-stem completion test long after the words have been consciously for
7、gotten.Question: The professor uses an example to illustrate the definition of “priming“. Explain how this example is related to the reading passage.（分数：5.00）_5.Question: Briefly summarize the problem and two possible solutions. Then state which solution you recommend and explain why.（分数：5.00）_6.Que
8、stion: Summarize the lecture and explain how maternal care affects the behavior of adult rats.（分数：5.00）_托福真题 2009 年 4 月 3 日答案解析(总分：30.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BSPEAKING/B(总题数：6，分数：30.00)1.Describe one important thing you have ever learnt in your childhood. Include reasons and details to support your response
9、.（分数：5.00）_正确答案：()解析：One important thing I have ever learnt in childhood is playing the piano. First of all, playing the piano makes me get excited when I play those beautiful melodies. I would forget all the daily trouble. These classical works can bring me a peaceful mind to tolerate unfair things
10、 and a positive mind to start a brand new day. Also, playing a piece of classical masterpiece can bring me a lot of confidence, and it must be great to play some well-known songs in front of my friends and relatives.2.“Instead of always being busy, one should have a relaxed life style.“ Do you agree
11、 or disagree with the above statement? Why or why not? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.（分数：5.00）_正确答案：()解析：I definitely agree to the statement that one should have a relaxed and unhurried life. Even though we must work hard in order to make our dreams come true, it is not a
12、good idea to be exhausted every day. We Chinese have an old saying, life is like a bow, sometimes tight and sometimes loose, or it will break. Only relaxation could let one have a good rest, which will definitely increase ones efficiency when he/she is back to work.3.New Policies on School Newspaper
13、The school newspaper will eliminate event reports and news comments in the future issues, and this is due to some practical concerns: firstly, our school website is providing some news reports and comments that students can read and download easily from school official websites; secondly, due to its
14、 difficulties and extra working hours, there are not enough student reporters who are willing to write critical comments on the latest news.Question: The woman expresses her opinion towards the universitys decision to eliminate news comments on school newspaper. State her opinion and explain the rea
15、sons she gives for holding that opinion.（分数：5.00）_正确答案：()解析：The school newspaper decides to cancel the news comment section because students can find similar content on the school website where they can download free information. Also, few students are willing to write serious comments. The woman di
16、sagrees with the adjustment because, first of all, it is convenient to buy and read school newspaper, and many students like to mark key points and make news clippings. Another reason the woman thinks the plan unreasonable is that she believes the students should get paid so that more students will
17、be willing to write serious comments and it will help form sound campus atmosphere to discuss serious issues. 听力原文 M: Hey, have you heard the school newspaper will eliminate the section of news comments from the next issue? W: Yes, and I dont like the decision. M: But they say that we can search for
18、 news comments on the internet. W: But the paper version has its own advantages, say, it is easy and convenient. We can get the newspaper at the newsstand on campus and read it anywhere, anytime. We can also underline some key sentences and cut out our favorite essays as we like. M: Yeah, thats my f
19、avorite part. Collecting news clips is a joy to me. W: You see, and the school should pay for student reporters to write serious comments on the current affairs. M: Is that necessary? W: Of course, it is essential for us students to express our opinions about important issues and arouse other people
20、s interests in world news. A good pay can get more students involved and we can have a sound atmosphere to discuss news from different perspectives.4.PrimingPriming, one kind of implicit memory effects, refers to an increased sensitivity to certain stimuli due to prior experience. It can occur after
21、 perceptual, semantic, or conceptual stimulus repetition and it can affect the subjects judgment. It happens, for example, if a person reads a list of words including the word “table“, and is later asked to complete a word starting with “tab“, the probability that he answer “table“ is greater than i
22、f not so primed.The effects of priming can be very salient and long lasting, even more so than simple recognition memory. Unconscious priming effects can affect word choice on a word-stem completion test long after the words have been consciously forgotten.Question: The professor uses an example to
23、illustrate the definition of “priming“. Explain how this example is related to the reading passage.（分数：5.00）_正确答案：()解析：Priming refers to a kind of implicit memory effects that can increase peoples sensitivity towards certain aspects of life and affect peoples judgments to some extent. The lecturer u
24、ses an example to illustrate the term. When a man got on the bus and started to take some notes, a girl who had just graduated from college quickly reached a conclusion that he was a student who was dealing with some academic problems. On the contrary, another girl who saw the man regarded him as a
25、writer. This was probably because she had just published her own book of poetry, so she tended to think of others as poets making drafts. 听力原文 M: We just discussed that priming, a kind of implicit memory effects, may be stimulated by peoples prior experience and the subject tend to interpret a situa
26、tion according to his former cognitive experience. Priming can be found in learning process as well as in peoples ordinary life. For example, a girl took a bus to go home after college graduation. On her way, while she was recalling her student life attentively, a man got on the bus and started to w
27、rite down something right after he took the seat. The girl immediately made a conclusion that the man was a student who was solving difficult academic problems, such as doing calculations or making up course notes. This assumption was made due to her prior student life experience, which made her thi
28、nk that a young man with a pen was certain to be a young student. Coincidentally, another girl who took the same bus also made her own speculation. This girl just published her first volume of poems and was in the excitement of literary creation. She thought of the man as a poet or a novelist who wa
29、s plotting a new story or recording his inspiration for a new poem. Her conclusion was also influenced by the effects of priming, that is, ones latest social experience can, to some extent, determine her judgment.5.Question: Briefly summarize the problem and two possible solutions. Then state which
30、solution you recommend and explain why.（分数：5.00）_正确答案：()解析：The womans problem is she was planning to watch the concert tonight, but she hasnt finished her assignment due tomorrow. According to the man, there are two solutions: the first is to finish the task after watching the show and the other is
31、to cancel the show plan. In my opinion, it is better for her to cancel the original plan and choose to accomplish her assignment on time. Anyway, it is a students duty to put learning as top priority when making a decision. As for her concern about the tickets, she can release a notice on the campus
32、 forum to sell the tickets at a lower price. Im sure some students would be willing to make the deal. 听力原文 W: Hi, Harry, do you have a minute? M: Sure, Alice, how is it going? W: You know that tonight Josh Turner will hold his solo concert in L.A. and John succeeded in buying me two tickets to the s
33、how. M: Wow, thats great. How lucky you are! W: The annoying part is that I havent finished the course assignment given by Prof. Miller, and the deadline is tomorrow. M: I see. Why not finish your assignment right after watching the show, then you can have both the egg and the hen. W: I wish I could
34、 satisfy both sides, but you know what? I must be very tired after seeing the show and I really could not have the right mood for any study. M: Then why not cancel the show plan and write your paper instead? W: John has already bought the tickets and it might be hard to find someone else to go to L.
35、A. in such a hurry. Plus, I really want to go to the show.6.Question: Summarize the lecture and explain how maternal care affects the behavior of adult rats.（分数：5.00）_正确答案：()解析：The lecture talks about how maternal care affects the development of offspring and the speaker uses one experiment to illus
36、trate the topic. A research conducted in Montreal studied two groups of mother rats. One group demonstrated more intense care for their rat pups, being more likely to lick and groom their young than the comparison group. When these young pups became adults, they were made to perform in some tests, f
37、or instance, looking for a hidden object in a labyrinth. The result is, those rats receiving more mother care appeared to be quicker learners and displayed more curiosity than their neglected counterparts. In short, with more mother care in childhood adult rats have more confidence to face reality.
38、听力原文 W: Maternal care does have a measurable neurological effect on the development of offspring - it appears that it can make young rats much more intelligent, according to a study conducted by a group of Canadian researchers published in Nature Neuroscience. Researchers led by Professor Michael Me
39、any at McGill University in Montreal studied two groups of mother rats in a cross-fostering study. The behavior of the mothers in one group was characterized by an intense level of caring for their offspring, including licking, grooming and other interaction involving physical contact. Mothers in a
40、comparison group seemed generally uninterested in their young except when feeding the young. Both groups of young rats were made to be subjects of a variety of tests once they were adults. Their main task was to swim through a floating labyrinth five times a day to look for a submerged object. The “
41、mamas boys“, those receiving more mother care, learnt spatial relationships faster and exhibited higher levels of curiosity than their more neglected counterparts. The result suggests that, as adults, the offspring of a tender mother exhibit more flexibility and stronger desire to tackle tough situations.
