1、职称英语理工类 A、B、C 级综合试卷-12 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B第 1 部分：词汇选项/B(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.While serving in the Senate in the early 1970s, Barbara Jordan supported legislation to ban discrimination and to deal with environmental problems.（分数：1.00）A.listB.forbidC.handleD.investigate2.They always mock me be
2、cause I am ugly.（分数：1.00）A.smile atB.look down onC.belittleD.laugh at3.The latest census is encouraging.（分数：1.00）A.countB.statementC.agreementD.estimate4.Loud noises can be annoying.（分数：1.00）A.hatefulB.painfulC.horrifyingD.irritating5.His new girlfriend had omitted to tell him that she was married.（
3、分数：1.00）A.forgottenB.failedC.deletedD.left out6.Many of their ideas are being incorporated into orthodox medical treatment.（分数：1.00）A.acceptableB.conservativeC.westernD.conventional7.Charges for local telephone calls are outrageous.（分数：1.00）A.unheard ofB.unacceptableC.unbelievableD.ridiculous8.Gambl
4、ing is lawful in Nevada.（分数：1.00）A.legalB.irresistibleC.enjoyableD.profitable9.The expedition reached the summit at 10:30 that morning.（分数：1.00）A.top of the mountainB.bottom of the mountainC.starting pointD.site10.Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree to which they can
5、be deliberately controlled and modified.（分数：1.00）A.sufficientlyB.noticeablyC.intentionallyD.absolutely11.The Constitutions vague nature has given it the flexibility to be adapted when circumstances change.（分数：1.00）A.impreciseB.conciseC.unpolishedD.elementary12.These are our motives for doing it.（分数：
6、1.00）A.reasonsB.argumentsC.targetsD.stimuli13.It was a question of making sure that certain needs were addressed, notably in the pensions area.（分数：1.00）A.noticeablyB.remarkablyC.particularlyD.significantly14.Academic records from other institutions often become part of a universitys official file an
7、d can neither be returned to a student nor duplicated.（分数：1.00）A.borrowedB.purchasedC.copiedD.rewritten15.Guests were scared when the bomb exploded.（分数：1.00）A.frightenedB.killedC.endangeredD.rescued二、B第 2 部分：阅读判断/B(总题数：1，分数：7.00)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出 7 个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。BModerate Earthquake Strikes Eng
8、land/BA moderate earthquake struck parts of southeast England on 28 April 2007, toppling chimneys from houses and rousing residents from their beds. Several thousand people were left without power in Kent County. One woman suffered minor head and neck injuries.“It felt as if the whole house was bein
9、g slid across like a fun-fair ride,“ said the woman.The British Geological Survey said the 4.3-magnitude quake shuck at 8:19 a. m. and was centered under the English Channel, about 8.5 miles south of Dover and near the entrance to the Channel Tunnel.Witnesses said cracks appeared in walls and chimne
10、ys collapsed across the county. Residents said the tremor had lasted for about 10 to 15 seconds.“I was lying in bed and it felt as if someone had just got up from bed next to me,“ said Hendrick van Eck, 27, of Canterbury about 60 miles southeast of London. “I then heard the sound of cracking, and it
11、 was getting heavier and heavier. It felt as if someone was at the end of my bed hopping up and down. “There are thousands of moderate quakes on this scale around the world each year, but they are rare in Britain. The April 28 quake was the strongest in Britain since 2002 when a 4.8-magnitude quake
12、shuck the central England city of Birmingham.The countrys strongest earthquake took place in the North Sea in 1931, measuring 6.1 on the Richter scale. British Geological Survey scientist Roger Masson said the quake took place on 28 April in an area that had seen several of the biggest earthquakes e
13、ver to strike Britain, including one in 1580 that caused damage in London and was felt in France. Musson predicted that it was only a matter of time before another earthquake struck this part of England. However, people should not be scared too much by this prediction, Musson said, as the modern ear
14、thquake warning system of Britain should be able to detect a forthcoming quake and announce it several hours before it takes place. This would allow time for people to evacuate and reduce damage to the minimum.（分数：7.00）(1).During the April 28 earthquake, the whole England was left without power.（分数：
15、1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(2).The Channel Tunnel was closed for 10 hours after the earthquake occurred.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(3).It was reported that one lady had got her head and neck injured, but not seriously.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not me
16、ntioned(4).France and several other European countries sent their medical teams to work side by side with the British doctors.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(5).The countrys strongest earthquake took place in London in 1580.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(6).Musso
17、n predicted that another earthquake would occur in southeast England sooner or later.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(7).It can be inferred from the passage that England is rarely hit by high magnitude earthquakes.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned三、B第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(
18、总题数：1，分数：8.00)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有 2 项测试任务；(1)第 2326 题要求从所给的 6 个选项中为第 25 段每段选择 1 个正确的小标题；(2)第 2730 题要求从所给的 6 个选项中选择 4 个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。BScreen Test/B1 Every year millions of women are screened with X-rays to pick .up signs of breast cancer. If this happens early enough, the disease can often be treated succe
19、ssfully. According to a survey published last year, 21 countries have screening programmes. Nine of them, including Australia, Canada, the US and Spain, screen women under 50.2 But the medical benefits of screening these younger women are controversial, partly because the radiation brings a small ri
20、sk of inducing cancer. Also, younger women must be given higher doses of X-rays because their breast tissue is denser.3 Researchers at the Polytechnic University of Valencia analysed the effect of screening more than 160,000 women at 11 local clinics. After estimating the womens cumulative dose of r
21、adiation, they used two models to calculate the number of extra cancers this would cause.4 The mathematical model recommended by Britains National Radiological Protection Board (NRPB) predicted that the screening programme would cause 36 cancers per 100,000 women, 18 of them fatal. The model preferr
22、ed by the LIN Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation led to a lower figure of 20 cancers.5 The researchers argue that the level of radiation-induced cancers is “not very significant“ compared to the far larger number of cancers that are discovered and treated. The Valencia programme
23、, they say, detects between 300 and 450 cases of breast cancer in every 100,000 women screened.6 But they point out that the risk of women contracting cancer from radiation could be reduced by between 40 and 80 percent if screening began at 50 instead of 45, because they would be exposed to less rad
24、iation. The results of their study, they suggest, could help “optimise the technique“ for breast cancer screening.7 “There is a trade-off between the diagnostic benefits of breast screening and its risks,“ admits Michael Clark of the NRPB. But he warns that the study should be interpreted with cauti
25、on. “On the basis of the current data, for every 10 cancers successfully detected and prevented there is a risk of causing one later in life. Thats why radiation exposure should be minimised in any screening programme.“（分数：8.00）(1).Paragraph 2 _ A Harm Screening May Do to a Younger Woman B Investiga
26、ting the Effect of Screening C Effects Predicted by Two Different Models D Small Risk of Inducing Cancers from Radiation E Treatment of Cancers F Factors That Trigger Cancers（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 3 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 4 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 5 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).Early d
27、iscovery of breast cancer may _. A be costly B harmful C save a life D still open to debate E reduce the risk of radiation triggering a cancer F reduced to the minimum（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(6).Advantages of screening women under 50 are _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(7).Delaying the age at which screening starts may _
28、.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(8).Radiation exposure should be _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、B第 4 部分：阅读理解/B(总题数：3，分数：45.00)下面有 3 篇短文，每篇短文后有 5 道题，每题后面有 4 个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从 4 个选项中选择 1 个最佳答案。B第一篇/BBProlonging Human Life/BProlonging human life has increased the size of the human population. Many people alive today wo
29、uld have died of childhood diseases if they had been born 100 years ago. Because more people live longer, there are more people around at any given time. In fact, it is a decrease in death rates, not an increase in birthrates, that has led to the population explosion.Prolonging human life has also i
30、ncreased the dependency load. In all societies, people who are disabled or too young or too old to work are dependent on the rest of society to provide for them. In hunting and gathering cultures, old people who could not keep up might be left behind to die. In times of famine, infants might be allo
31、wed to die because they could not survive if their parents starved, whereas if the parents survived they could have another child. In most contemporary societies, people feel a moral obligation to keep people alive whether they can work or not. We have a great many people today who live past the age
32、 at which they want to work or are able to work; we also have roles which require people to retire at a certain age. Unless these people were able to save money for their retirement, somebody else must support them. In the United States many retired people live on social security checks which are so
33、 little that they must live in near poverty. Older people have more illness than young or middle-aged people; unless they have wealth or private or government insurance, they must often “go on welfare” if they have a serious illness.When older people become senile or too weak and ill to care for the
34、mselves, they create grave problems for their families. In the past and in some traditional cultures, they would be cared for at home until they died. Today, with must members of a household working or in school, there is often no one at home who can care for a sick or weak person. To meet Bthis nee
35、d/B, a great many nursing homes and convalescent hospitals have been built. These are often profit-making organizations, although some are sponsored by religious and other nonprofit groups. While a few of these institutions are good, most of them are simply “dumping grounds“ for the dying in which “
36、care“ is given by poorly paid, overworked, and underskilled personnel.（分数：15.00）(1).The writer believes that the population explosion results from（分数：3.00）A.an increase in birthrates.B.the industrial development.C.a decrease in death rates.D.cultural advances.(2).It can be inferred from the passage
37、that in hunting and gathering cultures（分数：3.00）A.it was a moral responsibility to keep old-aged people alive.B.infants could be left dead in times of starvation.C.parents had to impart the cultural wisdom of the tribe to their children.D.death was considered to be freedom from hardships.(3).Accordin
38、g to the passage, which of the following statements about retired people in the United States is tree?（分数：3.00）A.Many of them have a very hard life.B.They cannot live a decent life without enough bank savings.C.They rely mainly on their children for financial support.D.Most of them live with their c
39、hildren and therefore are well looked after.(4).In Paragraph 3, the phrase “this need“ refers to（分数：3.00）A.the need to prolong the lives of old people.B.the need to enrich the life of the retired people.C.the need to build profit-making nursing homes.D.the need to take care of a sick and weak person
40、.(5).Which of the following best describes the writers attitude toward most of the nursing homes, and convalescent hospitals?（分数：3.00）A.Sympathetic.B.Unfriendly.C.Optimistic.D.Critical.B第二篇/BBExplorer of the Extreme Deep/BOceans cover more than two-thirds of our planet. Yet, just a small fraction of
41、 the underwater world has been explored. Now, Scientists at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) in Massachusetts are building an underwater vehicle that will carry explorers as deep as 6,500 meters (21,320 feet). The new machine, known as a manned submersible or human-operated vehicle (H
42、OV), will replace another one named Alvin which has an amazing record of discovery, playing a key role in various important and famous undersea expeditions. Alvin has been operating for 40 years but can go down only 4,500 meters (14,784 feet). Its about time for an upgrade, WHOI researchers say.Alvi
43、n was launched in 1964. Since then, Alvin has worked between 200 and 250 days a year, says Daniel Fornari, a marine geologist and director of the Deep Ocean Exploration Institute at WHOI. During its lifetime, Alvin has carried some 12,000 people on a total of more than 3,000 dives. A newer, better v
44、ersions of Alvin is bound to reveal even more surprises about a world that is still full of mysteries, Fornari says. It might also make the job of exploration a little easier. “We take so much for granted on land,“ Fomari says. “We can walk around and see with our eyes how big things are. We can see
45、 colors, special arrangements.“Size-wise, the new HOV will be similar to Alvin. Itll be about 37 feet long. The setting area inside will be a small sphere, about 8 feet wide, like Alvin, itll carry a pilot and two passengers. It will be just as maneuverable. In most other ways, it will give passenge
46、rs more opportunities to enjoy the view, for one thing. Alvin has only three windows, the new vehicle will have five, with more overlap so that the passengers and the pilot can see the same thing.Alvin can go up and down at a rate of 30 meters every second, and its maximum speed is 2 knots ( about 2
47、.3 miles per hour), while the new vehicle will be able to ascend and descend at 44 meters per second. Itll reach speeds of 3 knots, or 3.5 miles per hour.（分数：15.00）(1).What is Alvin?（分数：3.00）A.A research institute.B.A transporting vehicle.C.A submersible.D.A scientist.(2).Which of the following stat
48、ements is NOT a fact about Alvin?（分数：3.00）A.It can carry explorers as deep as 6,500 meters.B.It has played a key role in various important undersea expeditionsC.It was launched in the sixties of the twentieth century.D.It has been used for more than 40 years.(3).“. a world that is still full of myst
49、eries“ refers to（分数：3.00）A.the earth.B.out space.C.the ocean.D.Mars.(4).In what aspects are the new HOV and Alvin similar?（分数：3.00）A.Size.B.Speed.C.Capacity.D.Shape.(5).In what aspects are the new HOV and Alvin different?（分数：3.00）A.Offering better views.B.Speed.C.Size.D.Both A and .B第三篇/BBPlant Gas/BScie
