1、职称英语理工类 A、B、C 级综合试卷-1 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B第 1 部分：词汇选项/B(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.Sedimentary rocks cover much of the Earths surface, but they are often hidden by a thin veneer of soil.（分数：1.00）A.concealedB.erodedC.protectedD.softened2.Compared with large aircraft, small airplanes are not as strea
2、mlined and hence are less efficient.（分数：1.00）A.at a glanceB.to a measurable degreeC.in most casesD.as a result3.In the eighteenth century the heading of “natural philosophy” encompassed all of the sciences.（分数：1.00）A.categoryB.teachingsC.ideologyD.leaders4.Leaves are not distributed accidentally on
3、a plant stem, but are arranged in a very precise way that assures them the maximum light.（分数：1.00）A.dangerouslyB.denselyC.randomlyD.linearly5.The members of Aaron Burrs family were noted for their passionate and headstrong temperament.（分数：1.00）A.intellectualB.stubbornC.wittyD.steadfast6.Because of h
4、arsh weather conditions, more than a dozen states in the United States were declared disaster areas in 1977.（分数：1.00）A.severeB.bizarreC.moistD.improbable7.To cool itself, a rhinoceros soaks in mud or water because its thick hide has no sweat glands.（分数：1.00）A.skinB.tongueC.hornD.trunk8.Because of De
5、lawares lenient laws regarding business incorporation, many companies have their headquarters in the states largest city, Wilmington.（分数：1.00）A.production plantsB.home officesC.sales representativesD.chemical laboratories9.Modern nursing practices not only hasten the recovery of the sick but also pr
6、omote better health through preventive medicine.（分数：1.00）A.permitB.determineC.accelerateD.accompany10.At first glance, a forest appears to be a haphazard collection of trees, shrubs, vines, and flowers.（分数：1.00）A.randomB.totalC.gradedD.natural11.Due to the tilt of Neptunes axis, the Sun heats the pl
7、anets northern and southern hemispheres unequally.（分数：1.00）A.climatesB.halvesC.atmospheresD.contours12.Medieval cities grew rapidly when they had harbors nearby.（分数：1.00）A.merchantsB.castlesC.suburbsD.ports13.If roundworms are removed from the soil and placed in a liquid, they thrash helplessly arou
8、nd.（分数：1.00）A.carelesslyB.tirelesslyC.powerlesslyD.heartlessly14.Charles Wheelers paintings often highlight the sharp edges and geometrical shapes of machines.（分数：1.00）A.extendB.emphasizeC.distortD.soften15.The best olive oil is obtained from olives that are harvested just after they ripen and befor
9、e they turn black.（分数：1.00）A.preservedB.squeezedC.gatheredD.sorted二、B第 2 部分：阅读判断/B(总题数：1，分数：7.00)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出 7 个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。B Consumer Goods/BConsumer products are goods and services destined for the final consumer for personal, family, or household use.Consumer goods were first classifi
10、ed about 65 years ago by Melvin T. Copeland. His three-category system of convenience, shopping and specialty goods is widely employed today. The system is based on shoppers awareness of alternative products and their characteristics prior to the shopping trip and the degree of search shoppers will
11、undertake. It is important to recognize that placing a product into one of these categories depends on the shoppers behavior.Convenience goods are those purchased with a minimum of effort, because the buyer has knowledge of product characteristics prior to shopping. The consumer does not want to sea
12、rch for additional information (because the item has been bought before) and will accept a substitute rather than have to frequent more than one store.Convenience goods can be subdivided into staples, impulse goods, and emergency goods. Staples are low-priced items that are routinely purchased on a
13、regular basis, such as detergent, milk, and cereal. Impulse goods are items that the consumer does not plan to buy on a specific trip to a store, such as candy, a magazine, and ice cream. Emergency goods are items purchased out of urgent need, such as an umbrella during a rainstorm a tire to replace
14、 a flat, or aspirin for a headache.Shopping goods are those for which consumers lack sufficient information about product alternatives and their attributes, and therefore must acquire further knowledge in order to make a purchase decision. For attribute-based shopping goods, consumers get informatio
15、n about and then evaluate product features, warranty, performance, options, and other factors. The good with the best combination of attributes is purchased. Sony electronics and Calvin Klein clothes are marketed as attribute-based shopping goods. For price-based shopping goods, consumers judge prod
16、uct attributes to be similar and look around for the least expensive item/store. Consumers will exert effort in searching for information, because shopping goods are bought infrequently. Goldstar electronics and store-brand clothes are marketed as price-based shopping goods.Specialty goods are those
17、 to which consumers are brand loyal. They are fully aware of these products and their attributes prior to making a purchase decision. They are willing to make a significant purchase effort to acquire the brand desired and will pay a higher price than competitive products, if necessary. For specialty
18、 goods, consumers will not make purchases if their brand is not available. Substitutes are not acceptable.（分数：7.00）(1).Shoppers characteristics were one of the determinants of Melvin T. Copelands classification of consumer goods.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(2).Some goods are cla
19、ssified as convenience goods because they can be bought with little efforts.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(3).The consumer goods one purchases on impulse are always sold at a low price.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(4).Before making the final decision of whether
20、 or not to buy shopping goods, a customer has to visit various shops to gather information.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(5).Attribute-based shopping goods are more expensive than price-based goods.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(6).For price-based shopping goods
21、, consumers do not care about their quality.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(7).Specialty goods are similar to convenience goods in that people know the products very well prior to their shopping trip.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned三、B第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00
22、)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有 2 项测试任务：(1)第 2326 题要求从所给的 6 个选项中为第 25 段每段选择 1 个正确的小标题；(2)第 2730 题要求从所给的 6 个选项中选择 4 个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。B Global Warming/B1. Smoke is clouding our view of global warming, protecting the planet from perhaps three- quarters of the greenhouse (温室) effect. That might sound like good news, but e
23、xperts say that as the cover diminishes in coming decades, we are facing a dramatic increase of warming that could be two or even three times as great as official best guesses.2. This was the dramatic conclusion reached last week at a workshop in Dahlem, Berlin, where top atmospheric scientists got
24、together, including Nobel prize winner Paul Crutzen and Swedish scientist Bert Bolin, former chairman of the UNs Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).3. IPCC scientists have suspected for a decade that aerosols (浮质) of smoke and other particles from burning rainforest, crop waste and fos
25、sil fuels are blocking sunlight and counteracting the warming effect of carbon dioxide (二氧化物) emissions. Until now, they reckoned that aerosols reduced greenhouse warming by perhaps a quarter, cutting increases by 0.2. So the 0.6 of warming over the past century would have been 0.8 without aerosols.
26、4. But the Berlin workshop concluded that the real figure is even higheraerosols may have reduced global warming by as much as three-quarters, cutting increases by 1.8. If so, the good news is that aerosols have prevented the world getting almost two degrees warmer than it is now. But the bad news i
27、s that the climate system is much more sensitive to greenhouse gases than previously guessed.5. As those gases are expected to continue accumulating in the atmosphere while aerosols stabilize or fall, that means “dramatic consequences for estimates of future climate change”, the scientists agreed in
28、 a draft report from the workshop.（分数：8.00）(1).Paragraph 2 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 3 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 4 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 5 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).When the cover diminishes in the coming decades, temperature_.A. will influence future climate change（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(6).
29、The conclusion reached at the Berlin workshop_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(7).The Berlin workshop concluded that the real figure_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(8).The increase of greenhouse gases_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、B第 4 部分：阅读理解/B(总题数：3，分数：45.00)下面有 3 篇短文，每篇短文后有 5 道题，每题后面有 4 个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从 4 个选项中选择 1 个最佳答案。B第一篇/
30、BB How to Educate Children/BAs Eleanor Roosevelt once said, “Universal human rights begin in small places, close to home.” And Tolerance, org, a Web site from the Southern Poverty Law Center, is helping parents across the country create homes in which tolerance and understanding are guiding themes.
31、“The goal of nurturing open-minded, empathetic children is a challenging one,” says Jennifer Holladay, director of Tolerance; org. “To cultivate tolerance, parents have to instill in children a sense of empathy, respect and responsibilityto oneself and to othersas well as the recognition that every
32、person on earth is a treasure.” Holladay offers several ways parents can promote tolerance:Talk about tolerance. Tolerance education is an ongoing process; it cannot be captured in a single moment. Establish a high comfort level for open dialogue about social issues. Let children know that no subjec
33、t is taboo. Identify intolerance when children are exposed to it. Point out stereotypes and cultural misinformation depicted in movies, TV shows, computer games and other media. Challenge bias when it comes from friends and family members. Do not let the moment pass. Begin with a qualified statement
34、: “Andrew just called people of XYZ faith lunatics. What do you think about that, Zoe?” Let children do most of the talking. Challenge intolerance when it comes from your children. When a child says or does something that reflects biases or embraces stereotypes, confront the child: “What makes that
35、joke funny, Jerome?” Guide the conversation toward internalization of empathy and respect“Mimi uses a walker, honey. How do you think she would feel about that joke?” or “How did you feel when Robbie made fun of your glasses last Week?” Support your children when they are the victims of intolerance.
36、 Respect childrens troubles by acknowledging when they become targets of bias. Dont minimize the experience. Provide emotional support and then brainstorm constructive responses. For example, develop a set of comebacks to use when children are the victims of name-calling. Create opportunities for ch
37、ildren to interact with people who are different from them. Look critically at how a child defines “normal.” Expand the definition. Visit playgrounds where a variety of children are presentpeople of different races, socioeconomic backgrounds, family structures, etc. Encourage a child to spend time w
38、ith eldersgrandparents, for example. Encourage children to call upon community resources. A child who is concerned about world hunger can volunteer at a local soup kitchen or homeless shelter. The earlier children interact with the community, the better. This will help convey the lesson that we are
39、not islands unto ourselves. Model the behavior you would like to see. As a parent and as your childs primary role model, be consistent in how you treat others. Remember, you may say, “Do as I say, not as I do,” but actions really do speak louder than words.（分数：15.00）(1).Which of the following statem
40、ents is TRUE about Tolerance. org?_（分数：3.00）A.It is a Web site from the Southern Poverty Law Center.B.It is helping parents across the country create homes for those orphans.C.The goal is to challenge those intolerant children.D.It helps parents cultivate a sense of empathy and responsibility in the
41、ir children.(2).The underlined word “taboo” (Para.2) most probably means“_”.（分数：3.00）A.intoleranceB.forbidden customsC.secret dialoguesD.inappropriate issues(3).The example of asking “How did you feel when Robbie made fun of your glasses last week?” is to illustrate that it is indispensable to_.（分数：
42、3.00）A.challenge intolerance when it comes from your childrenB.identify intolerance when children are exposed to itC.support your Children when they are the victims of intoleranceD.create opportunities for children to interact with people who are different from them(4).According to the passage, chil
43、dren are encouraged to join in many activities other than_.（分数：3.00）A.live in homeless shelterB.spend time with eldersC.volunteer at a local soup kitchenD.visit playgrounds where a variety of children are present(5).According to Jennifer Holladay, who are childrens primary role models?_（分数：3.00）A.Th
44、eir teachers.B.Their parents.C.Their grandparents.D.Their peers.B第二篇/BB A Trip/BEvery year New Zealanders living in London can be seen loading up Kombi vans and heading off to experience the “classic European holiday”. The trip usually starts in the north of France, after crossing the channel from D
45、over in England to Calais, driving down through France, over the Pyrenees into Spain, west into Portugal and then across the Continent to Italy and often beyond.There are numerous reasons young New Zealanders take this rite of passageas well as seeing all the fantastic sights and tasting the delight
46、s of Europes food and wine, its relatively inexpensive. The Kombi is transport and accommodation all in one, cutting down significantly on costs.There is just one problem. As the Kombis become “antique”, these trips are usually punctuated with numerous roadside sessions as the van sits idle, in no h
47、urry to start, while you swelter in the hot sun. But do not let this deter you. Travelling Europe in your own vehicle means no public transport schedules to cramp your style, the ability to explore the quaint, off-the-beaten-track villages where the “real” locals live, freedom to not have to book ac
48、commodation in advanceyou can nearly always get a campsite and can load your vehicle with cheap, fantastic regional wines and souvenirs. With these bonuses in mind, here are some suggestions for planning the great Europe road adventure. The key to a pleasurable driving experience is a good navigator and a driver with a cool head. If you do not feel relaxed driving around New Zealands cities and highways, then you probably will not enjoy driving around Europe. As Co-pilot to the driver, you need to read (and understand) maps, look out for turn offsand keep the music playing. Lang
