1、职称英语理工类 A、B、C 级综合试卷-24 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B第 1部分：词汇选项/B(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.The park is a good place for strollers.（分数：1.00）A.carriagesB.walkersC.sprintersD.campers2.The disease, rust, stunts a plants growth and leads to the destruction of the plant.（分数：1.00）A.enhancesB.moderatesC.stopsD.hin
2、ders3.The Texas Opera Theater was established as a subsidiary of the Houston Grand Opera in order to give young singers performing their their experience.（分数：1.00）A.hallB.rivalC.patronD.branch4.At age twenty-five Orson Welles stunned the film world with his movie Citizen Kane.（分数：1.00）A.amusedB.amaz
3、edC.frightenedD.offended5.In statistics, the mathematical mean is obtained by dividing the sum of a group of scores by the number of scores.（分数：1.00）A.totalB.squareC.numeratorD.list6.The outcry against the governments policies will subside only if a compromise is reached in the assembly.（分数：1.00）A.d
4、ie downB.succeedC.proceedD.be dislodged7.Benjamin Franklin was not the first to suggest the relationship between lightning and electricity, but his experiment with a kite was original.（分数：1.00）A.defineB.confirmC.examineD.propose8.The childrens story writer known as Dr. Seuss proved that the simplest
5、 stories for children could have characterization and suspense.（分数：1.00）A.structureB.historyC.excitementD.plot9.Vice-President Lyndon Johnson became President of the United States following the death of John F. Kennedy and was subsequently elected to a full term in 1964.（分数：1.00）A.dulyB.finallyC.lat
6、erD.therefore10.The future survival of the bald eagle is still an important American ecological concern.（分数：1.00）A.migrationB.populationC.existenceD.evolution11.The windchill factor, the combination of low temperature and wind speed, strikingly increases the degree of cold felt by a person who is ou
7、tdoors.（分数：1.00）A.effectivelyB.remarkablyC.certainlyD.unquestionably12.Louis Sullivan, a famous American architect, varied his structures to suit the local climate.（分数：1.00）A.modifyB.enhanceC.accommodateD.avoid13.Fortified medieval towns were often surrounded by two water moats.（分数：1.00）A.protectedB
8、.encircledC.floodedD.supplied14.The Weddell seal of Antarctica can dive to a depth of about, 1,600 feet and remain submerged for as long as an hour and ten minutes.（分数：1.00）A.underwaterB.fearlessC.unconsciousD.breathless15.Once thought doomed to extinction, southern sea otters are now stringently pr
9、otected through the efforts of naturalist groups.（分数：1.00）A.rigorouslyB.minimallyC.federallyD.guardedly二、B第 2部分：阅读判断/B(总题数：1，分数：7.00)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。Winners and LosersWhy are the biggest winners in the past decade of trade globalization mostly in South and East Asia, whereas th
10、e biggest losers are mostly in the former Soviet bloc (集团) and sub-Saharan Africa? History is a partial guide: East Asia has a long trading tradition, Lately reinvigorated (给以新的活力) by the Chinese adoption of market economics. The Soviet Union, on the other hand, was sheltered from free-market forces
11、 for more than 70 years. In Africa, some countries are disadvantaged because of inadequate infrastructure (基础结构); many countries have little to trade hut commodities, the prices of which have fallen in recent years.In some regions, certain countries have suffered by adopting misguided policies, ofte
12、n under pressure from International Monetary Fund. First among these is Russia, which in the early 1990s tried to embrace capitalism before first building the institutions that make capitalism work, such as an independent bank system, a system of business law, and an adequate method for collecting t
13、axes. Encouraged by the IMF, the World Bank and the U. S. Department of the Treasury, President Boris Yeltsins regime privatized the state-owned industrial sector, creating a class of oligarchs (寡头政治集团成员), who, knowing how unstable conditions were at home, sent their money abroad instead of investin
14、g it at home.In contrast, China, the biggest winner from globalization, did not follow the IMF formula. Of the former states of the Soviet bloc, only a few, notably Poland and Hungary, managed to grow, which they did by ignoring IMF advice and adopting expansionary plans, including spending more tha
15、n they collected in taxes. Botswana and Uganda are also success stories: despite their disadvantages, their countries achieved vigorous growth by creating stable civil societies, liberalizing trade and implementing reforms that ran counter to IMF prescriptions.（分数：7.00）(1).Japan has a long trading t
16、radition.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(2).Russia was wrongly guided by the IMF.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(3).All African countries followed the IMF formula.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(4).The Soviet Union was a capitalist country.（分数：1.
17、00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(5).Australia is one of the biggest winners from globalization.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(6).China did not take IMF advice.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(7).Many high officials in Russia have much benefited from pri
18、vatization.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned三、B第 3部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有 2项测试任务：(1)第 2326 题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 25 段每段选择 1个正确的小标题；(2)第 2730 题要求从所给的 6个选项中选择 4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。BEnglish and English Community/B1. There is no denying that English is a useful language. The people
19、 who speak English today make up the largest speech community in the world with the exception of speakers of Chinese. Originally they were small tribes of people from northern Europe who settled in England. Their languages became more and more similar to each other. Finally, the language had enough
20、uniformity to he used by all speakers in England. The people were united into a speech community through their shared language.2. A speech community is similar to other kinds of communities. The people who make up the community share common language. Often they live side by side, as they do in a nei
21、ghborhood, a village, or a city. More often they form a whole country. National boundaries, however, are not always the same as the boundaries of a speech community. A speech community is any group of people who speak the same language no matter where they happen to live.3. We may say that anyone wh
22、o speaks English belongs to the English speech community. For convenience, we may classify the speakers into two groups: one in which the speakers use English as their native language, the other in which the speakers learn English as a second language for the purpose of education, commerce, and so o
23、n.4. English serves as an alternative language in several areas of public activity for the many nations of the world which employ it as an international second language. English has been adopted as the language of air traffic, commerce, as well as international diplomacy. Moreover, English is the la
24、nguage of the majority of published materials in the world so that education has come to rely heavily on an understanding of English.5. Learning second language extends ones vision and expands the mind. The history and literature of a second language record the real and fictional lives of people and
25、 their culture; a knowledge of them adds to our ability to understand and to feel as they feel. Learning English as a second language provides another means of communication through which the window of the entire English speech community becomes a part of our heritage.（分数：8.00）(1).Paragraph 2 _（分数：1
26、.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 3 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 4 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 5 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).Only through the shared language_. A. that of a speech community（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(6).The idea of the national boundaries in often different from_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(7).Speakers are classifi
27、ed into two groups_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(8).An understanding of English_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、B第 4部分：阅读理解/B(总题数：3，分数：45.00)下面有 3篇短文，每篇短文后有 5道题，每题后面有 4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题。B第一篇/BBDisfigurement of Businessman/BIn the relationship of education to business we observe today a fine state of paradox. On the o
28、ne hand, the emphasis which most business places upon a college degree is so great that one can almost visualize the time when even the office boy will have his baccalaureate. On the other hand, we seem to preserve the belief that some deep intellectual chasm separates the businessman from other pro
29、ducts of the university system. The notion that business people are quite the Philistines sounds absurd. For some reason, we tend to characterize vocations by stereotypes, none too flattering but nonetheless deeply imbedded in the national conscience. In the cast of characters the businessman comes
30、on stage as a crass and uncouth person. It is not a pleasant conception and no more truthful or less unpleasant than our other stereotypes.Business is made up of people with all kinds of backgrounds, all kinds of motivations, and all kinds of tastes, just as in any other form of human endeavour. Bus
31、inessmen are not ambulatory balance sheets and profit statements, but perfectly normal human beings, subject to whatever strengths, frailties, and limitations characterize man on the earth. They are people grouped together in organizations designed to complement the weakness of one with strength of
32、another, tempering the exuberance of the young with the caution of the more mature, the poetic soarings of one mind with the counting house realism of another. Any disfigurement which society may suffer will come from man himself, not from the particular vocation to which he devotes his time.Any gro
33、up of people necessarily represents an approach to a common denominator, and it is probably true that even individually they tend to conform somewhat to the general pattern. Many have pointed out the danger of engulfing our original thinkers in a tide of mediocrity. Conformity is not any more preval
34、ent or any more exacting in the business field than it is in any other. It is a characteristic of all organizations of whatever nature. The fact is the large business unit provides greater opportunities for individuality and require less in the way of conformity than other institutions of comparable
35、 sizethe government service, or the academic world, or certainly the military.（分数：15.00）(1).The paradox in the relationship of education to business is_.（分数：3.00）A.businessmen are both unmindful of history and sophisticated in itB.businessmen show both contempt and respect for noble activitiesC.ther
36、e are both highly intellectual and uneducated businessmenD.there are both noticeable similarities and differences between businessmen and intellectuals(2).According to the passage, a typical businessman is usually considered to be_.（分数：3.00）A.obstinate and hostileB.sociable and sympatheticC.ill-mann
37、ered and simple-mindedD.shameless and ungraceful(3).There isnt a stereotyped businessman because_.（分数：3.00）A.they represent a cross section of societyB.they are not ordinary peopleC.they are people with strong personal charactersD.there is considerable mobility in the vocation(4).According to the pa
38、ssage, the distortion of the image of the businessmen is the result of_.（分数：3.00）A.prevalent egoism among businessmenB.the fierce social competitionC.racial discriminationD.sheer misunderstanding of other people(5).According to the passage, which of the following is true?_.（分数：3.00）A.People in all v
39、ocations are unwilling to conform to a general pattern.B.Conformity is a special characteristic of business.C.Businessmen are all original thinkers.D.Businessmen are provided with greater opportunities than people in other profession.B第二篇/BBWhy They Travel?/BScholars and students have always been gr
40、eat travellers. The official case for “academic mobility” is now often stated in impressive terms as a fundamental necessity for economic and social progress in the world, and debated in the corridors of Europe, but it is certainly nothing new. Serious students were always ready to go abroad in sear
41、ch of the most stimulating teachers and the most famous academies; in search of the purest philosophy, the most effective medicine, the likeliest road to gold.Mobility of this kind meant also mobility of ideas, their transference across frontiers, their simultaneous impact upon many groups of people
42、. The point of learning is to share it, whether with students or with colleagues; one presumes that only eccentrics have no interest in being credited with a startling discovery, or a new technique. It must also have been reassuring to know that other people in other parts of the world were about to
43、 make the same discovery or were thinking along the same lines, and that one was not quite alone, confronted by inquisition, ridicule or neglect.In the twentieth century, and particularly in the last 20 years, the old footpaths of the wandering scholars have become vast highways. The vehicle which h
44、as made this possible has of course been the aeroplane, making contact between scholars even in the most distant places immediately feasible, and providing for the very rapid transmission of knowledge.Apart from the vehicle itself, it is fairly easy to identify the main factors which have brought ab
45、out the recent explosion in academic movement. Some of these are purely quantitative and require no further mention: there are far more centres of learning, and a far greater number of scholars and students.In addition one must recognise the very considerable multiplication of disciplines, particula
46、rly in the sciences, which by widening the total area of advanced studies has produced an enormous number of specialists whose particular interests are precisely defined. These people would work in some isolation if they were not able to keep in touch with similar isolated groups in other countries.
47、Frequently these specialisations lie in areas where very rapid developments are taking place, and also where the research needed for developments is extremely costly and takes a long time. It is precisely in these areas that the advantages of collaboration and sharing of expertise appear most eviden
48、t. Associated with this is the growth of specialist periodicals, which enable scholars to become aware of what is happening in different centres of research and to meet each other in conferences and symposia. From these meetings come the personal relationships which are at the bottom of almost all f
49、ormalized schemes of cooperation, and provide them with their most satisfactory stimulus.But as the specialisations have increased in number and narrowed in range, there had been an opposite movement towards interdisciplinary studies. These owe much to the belief that one cannot properly investigate the incredibly comp
