1、阅读理解(八)及答案解析(总分：90.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section A(总题数：2，分数：20.00)What Is a Cyclone?Cyclones are huge revolving storms caused by winds blowing around a central area of low atmospheric pressure. In the northern hemisphere, cyclones, called hurricanes or typhoons, blow in an anti-clockwise direction. In the
2、 southern hemisphere, these tropical storms are known as cyclones, whose winds blow in a clockwise direction.Cyclones develop over warm seas near the Equator. Air heated by the sun rises very swiftly creating areas of very low pressure. As the warm air rises, its moisture condenses into massive thun
3、derclouds. Cool air rushes in to fill the void that is left, but because of the constant turning of the Earth on its axis, the air is bent inwards and then spirals upwards with great force. The swirling winds rotate faster and faster, forming a huge circle which can be up to 2,000 km across. At the
4、centre of the storm is a calm, cloudless area called the eye, with no rain, and fairly light winds. As the cyclone builds up it begins to move, and is sustained by a steady flow of warm, moist air. The strongest winds and heaviest rains are found in the towering clouds which merge into a wall about
5、20-30 km from the storms centre. Winds around the eye can reach speeds of up to 200 kin/h, and a fully developed cyclone pumps out about two million tons of air per second. This results in more rain being released.Cyclones are dangerous for people living around tropical areas. The most destructive f
6、orce of a cyclone is the fierce winds. These winds are strong enough to topple fences, sheds, trees, power poles and caravans easily. A cyclone typically churns up the sea, causing giant waves and surges of water known as storm surges which rush inland with deadly power, flooding low-lying coastal a
7、reas.Fill in each blank in no more than three words according to the passage.What Is a Cyclone?DefinitionLarge circling storms with strong winds blowing around a central area.LocationThese storms form near the (56) over open water. They are called hurricanes and typhoons inthe northem hemisphere, an
8、d cyclones in the southern hemisphere.I. The warm moist air rises and turns into thunderclouds.2. Cool air flows in to fill the (57) left by the rising air.3. The earths movement makes the air bend inward and (58) upwards. The swirling windsrotate faster and faster.Causes4. As the cyclone builds it
9、begins to move.A. Towering clouds become a wall around the storms centre.ElementsB. Winds circling the eye can reach (59) C. Heaviest rainfall is in the “Wall“.Effects Winds can “knock over trees, houses, fences, power poles, etc.Chums up the sea into giant waves and (60) which cause flooding.（分数：10
10、.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_Hallidays writing leaned very much back to the left. He was the only pupil in the class who wrote in this way. He was a nuisance in poetry lessons as he would giggle and make faces and could never be persuaded to read aloud. His silly behaviour made me believe
11、that he didnt like poetry. However, when I gave the class a test in which they had to write down some poetry they had learned by heart, Halliday seemed to know the most.Halliday had a special dislike for art and I allowed him to read during this period. He never volunteered for drama and refused to
12、make a speech. Football was the one thing at which he excelled, but the sports teacher decided that he did not assert himself enough and he made another boy captain. This boy, named John Jones, could hardly read or write. All attempts to make him work failed, but he captained the team with amazing s
13、kill.I remember an occasion when he led our school eleven out of the changing rooms for a cup match against our fiercest rivals, the team from nearby Winterton School. The Winterton girls hockey team had already beaten our own girls team and this-plus their excellent start to the seasonhad raised th
14、eir morale to a fearsome level. Even so, John played like a true professional. Our only scorer, he made good use of Hallidays passes and scored a goal for every two that theWinterton players could manage between them. Though Kingston lost, the match was a triumph for Captain Jones!In spite of all th
15、is, the pupil who impressed me most in the end was David Halliday. Hegained my admiration on a day when I had his class for art. They came into the hut shouting and pushing and I sent them out again and told them they would not have a lesson until they walked in properly. They thought it was fun to
16、waste as much time as possible, and they jeered and cheered outside the hut. I let them go on for a minute. Suddenly the noise stopped and in marched Halliday.Theyre all right now, he said. Ive got them lined up. I looked outside and sure enough the pupils of class 2D were arranged like well drilled
17、 soldiers; they were in order of size and in perfect line and so still I could see them shivering in the chilly air. Walk in quietly,Halliday commanded. They obeyed their superior officer and the lesson began. Halliday himself, as usual, refused to work. Can I just sit and have a nap?he asked. After
18、 the help he had given me, I could hardly refuse.（分数：10.00）(1).Halliday stood out from the other pupils because of his _.A. beautiful handwriting B. poor results in poetry testsC. good behaviour D. football skills（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The match against Winterton was a triumph for John Jones because _
19、.A. his team wonB. he scored all Kingstons goalsC. he organized the team wellD. he was chosen as Kingstons captain instead of Halliday.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).After being turned out of the hut, class 2D started behaving themselves because _.A. the teacher asked them to behaveB. they thought they might
20、be punishedC. David Halliday took control of the situationD. they wanted to start the lesson（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).How did the teacher react when Halliday asked to have a nap in class?A. He was furious. B. He was amused.C. He gave a permission. D. He refused permission.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Which of th
21、e following would be the best title for the passage?A. The Big Match. B. Jones to the Rescue!C. A Difficult Class. D. A Memorable Student!（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.二、Section B(总题数：2，分数：30.00)China plans to launch Change-2, the countrys second lunar probe, at the end of 2010, space authorities announced recen
22、tly.The design and production of the Change-2 is complete, and the lunar orbiter is undergoing round tests, the State Administration of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense said in a news release.Change-2 is expected to test the soft-landing technological capability of the Change-3
23、and provide high-resolution images of the landing area, the administration said. “Progress on six key technologies used by Change-2 has been made, including lunar capture, orbit control and research on high-resolution stereo cameras, “the administrations spokesman said. Ye Peijian, chief designer of
24、 the nations first lunar probe, had told China Daily earlier that the launch was expected in October.The administration said that Change-3, the countrys lunar lander and rover, is also well on the way towards lift-off. The project is now in the prototype stage. Change-2 and Change-3 are part of the
25、second phase of the countrys lunar exploration programme, which consists of three stages“orbiting“, “landing“ and“ returning. “Ye said earlier that launched in October 2007, and ended its 16-month mission on March 1, 2009, Meanwhile, Chinas manned space project is also likely to see a breakthrough t
26、his year, a top scientist said.Qi Faren, chief designer of the Shenzhou spacecraft, told the Guangzhou Daily that Tiangong1, or Heavenly Palace-1, a spacecraft that will test decking technology and prepare for the future construction of space laboratories, will be launched by the end of this year, a
27、t the earliest. According to the official website of Chinas manned space programme, www. cmse. gov. cn, the launch date of Tiangong-1 is set for between late 2010 and early 2011.Within two years of the launch of Tiangong-, China will launch Shenzhou-, Shenzhou- and Shenzhou- spaceships, to dock with
28、 Tiangong-, the website said.Two space laboratories, Tiangong- and Tiangong-, will follow, and china aims to build its own space station by the year 2020, the website said.China became: the third nation-after the US and Russia-to send people into space when Yang Liwei went into orbit aboard the spac
29、eship Shenzhou-V on October 15, 2003. Three other astronauts were sent into space in Shenzhou- and carried out the country （分数：10.00）(1).Change-2, Chinas second lunar probe, will be launched in October 2010, according to the chief designer of the nations first lunar probe.（分数：2.00）A.正确B.错误(2).Change
30、-2 is expected to provide high-resolution images of change-3s landing area.（分数：2.00）A.正确B.错误(3).China wont be sending any women astronauts into outer space within 10 years.（分数：2.00）A.正确B.错误(4).Fill in each blank in no more than three words to complete the sentences according to the passage.Chinas lu
31、nar exploration programme consists of three stages: Change-2 and Change-3 are partof the _ phase, which is also the “ _“ phase.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(5)._ will be launched between 2010 to make preparations for the construction of Chinas first space station, which it aims to be in operation by the year（分数：
32、2.00）填空项 1:_1 For some people it is extreme education: 10-hour days, contracts with parents and very strict rules on behaviour in small, 200-pupil academies. The result in a new type of school in the US is 100% acceptance to college, test results as good as those in private schools, and teenagers fr
33、om New Yorks South Bronx district who play the viola like their neighbours in Manhattan.2 James Verrilh, principal of the North Star Academy in Newark, Americas second poorest city, said: “These kids know drugs. These kids know crime and violence. Their fathers are in jail. We have a school culture
34、here which is very different from the attitude they have when they first walk through the door. Its a culture that tells them they can go to college. “3 At the North Star Academy children like Charism and Queen-Area smile politely as they shake your hand and welcome you in. About 85% of pupils are A
35、frican-American and 90% get free school meals. Last year 80% got“proficient or advanced“ grades in maths, compared with just28% in the local neighbourhood school. This was above the state average. Pupils work in silence with a professionalism they have learned during a three-day process. From the be
36、ginning pupils are taught to speak clearly, answer questions in full sentences and look the teacher in the eye.4 Parents have to sign a three-way contract with their child and the principal, and must promise to participate themselves. When a childs homework isnt handed in by 8 am, there is a phone c
37、all home. When the parent doesnt turn up for a meeting, their child is not allowed back into school until they turn up. There are signs saying“ No excuses“ on the walls. “I was working until 11 last night. Im tired, but I know Ive got to work,“says one 11-year-old, as she finishes up her homework ov
38、er breakfast. “Even my mother“s gone back to school since Ive been here. Pupils are tested every six weeks and their results are examined carefully.5 “As a principal of a small school, I know how every child is progressing and how they are behaving,“ says Mr. Verrilli. He also sits in on classes him
39、self, observing the students and writing notes for the teachers.6 North Star and other small schools like it have developed from the charter school movement in the US. The 3,500 charter schools are independent schools, funded by the state, and allowed more freedom to set policies, including their ad
40、missions procedures. North Star runs a lottery for admissions and has 1,800 children on the waiting list. Parents have to put their childs name into the lottery; three times more girls apply than boys.7 Mr. Verrilli strongly rejects the idea that his students might not be the ones most in need. “Its
41、 quite wrong to say that parents from disadvantaged backgrounds dont care about their kidseducation. Ninety-five percent of parents just want a better education for their children. Were not taking the best kids. Im defensive about that. Its something a lot of people say. How hard is it to put your c
42、hilds name down on a piece of paperT“he said.8 Every child who attends the Kipp (Knowledge is Power Programme) academy in South Bronx, New York, plays in its orchestra, the best school orchestra in New York. Every child can read music. Shirley Lee, a director of the Kipp academy in the Bronx, says t
43、he school works because there is a consistent structure throughout the school. “The truth and reality is that kids like structure, “she said. “Its about telling them whats appropriate and them learning when to use it. I wouldnt talk to you like I am now if I was out in some of these areas. But if we
44、 teach them to look in my eyes when Im speaking to them, they will use that if they get stopped by the police and that will protect them. “9 In the UK, there is a growing political debate about the differences in academic achievement between rich and poor in schools in big cities. A recent report hi
45、ghlighted the growing gap in achievement and the government is trying to deal with this problem. Three London academies are experimenting with small school principles and last week a group of British teachers in training visited the US looking for methods they could use to deal with the problems of“
46、 complex urban education“.10 Ark, a UK educational charity, is taking key components of the small school model into London academies. Lucy Heller, managing director of Ark, says: “Its small schools, strict rules on behaviour and a firm belief that inner city children can be just as successfull. “The
47、 UK schools minister says small schools can teach disadvantaged children the skills that middle class children take for granted: “High ambition, zero tolerance of failure, an expectation that children will go to university and that schools will give them the education to go to university. “11 Ark is
48、 also helping to fund the 30“ Future Leaders“ group on the school leadership training scheme visiting the US. The trainees are expected to take some of the ideas they experience in the US back home to the UK. Many of them think it will be difficult to transfer the model to the UK, however. They talk
49、 about the fact that most of the US schools are middle schools, for 10-14-yearolds. The model has been tested less in the secondary school age group (11-18). They also ask where the money to fund smaller schools will come from, though others point out the fact that in the US facilities are basic. They dont even have interactive white boards. says
