1、职称英语卫生类 A 级真题 2010 年及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B第 1 部分：词汇选项/B(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.I want to provide my boys with a decent education.（分数：1.00）A.goodB.specialC.privateD.general2.Lower taxes would spur investment and help economic growth.（分数：1.00）A.spendB.requireC.encourageD.attract3.Steep stairs can p
2、resent a particular hazard to older people.（分数：1.00）A.dangerB.caseC.pictureD.evidence4.The project required ten years of diligent research.（分数：1.00）A.hardworkingB.basicC.socialD.scientific5.The two banks have announced plans to merge next year.（分数：1.00）A.combineB.closeC.breakD.sell6.He demolished my
3、 argument in minutes.（分数：1.00）A.disputedB.acceptedC.disprovedD.supported7.Her father was a quiet man with graceful manners.（分数：1.00）A.politeB.similarC.usualD.bad8.Regular visits from a social worker can be of immense value to old people living alone.（分数：1.00）A.equalB.moderateC.immediateD.great9.He w
4、as rather vague about the reasons why he never finished school.（分数：1.00）A.badB.brightC.unclearD.general10.He was kept in appalling conditions in prison.（分数：1.00）A.criticalB.necessaryC.normalD.terrible11.I cant put up with my neighbors noise any longer; its driving me mad.（分数：1.00）A.measureB.generate
5、C.tolerateD.reduce12.I enjoyed the play - it had a clever plot and very funny dialogues.（分数：1.00）A.longB.boringC.originalD.humorous13.Your dog needs at least 20 minutes of vigorous exercise every day.（分数：1.00）A.physicalB.energeticC.regularD.free14.Our arrangements were thrown into complete turmoil.（
6、分数：1.00）A.doubtB.reliefC.confusionD.failure15.Patricia stared at the other girls with resentment.（分数：1.00）A.angerB.doubtC.loveD.surprise二、B第 2 部分：阅读判断/B(总题数：1，分数：7.00)下面的短文后列出了 7 个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 Retirement Brings Most a Big Health Boos
7、tThe self-reported health of the newly retired improves so much that most feel eight years younger, a new European study suggests. This happy news was true of almost everyone except a small minority - only 2 percent - who had experienced “ideal“ conditions in their working life, anyway. “The results
8、 really say three things: that work puts an extra burden on the health of older workers, that the effects of this extra burden are largely relieved by retirement and, finally, that both the extra burden and the relief are larger when working conditions are poor,“ said Hugo Westerlund, lead author of
9、 a study published online Nov. 9 in The Lancet (柳叶刀). “This indicates that there is a need to provide opportunities for older workers to decrease the demands in their work out of concern for their health and well-being. “ But of course, added Westerlund, who is head of epidemiology at the Stress Res
10、earch Institute at Stockholm University in Sweden, “not all older workers suffer from poor perceived health. Many are indeed remarkably healthy and fit for work. But sooner or later, everyone has to slow down because of old age catching up. “ Last week, the same group of researchers reported that wo
11、rkers slept better after retirement than before. “Sleep improves at retirement, which suggests that sleeping could be a mediator between work and perception of poor health,“ Westerlund said. This study looked at what the same 15,000 French workers, most of them men, had to say about their own health
12、 up to seven years pre-retirement and up to seven years post-retirement. As participants got closer to retirement age, their perception of their own health declined, but went up again during the first year of retirement. Those who reported being in poorer health declined from 19.2 percent in the yea
13、r prior to retirement to 14.3 percent by the end of the first year after retiring. According to the researchers, that means postretirement levels of poor health fell to levels last seen eight years previously. The changes were seen in both men and women, across different occupations, and lasted thro
14、ugh the first seven years of not punching the clock. Workers who felt worse before retirement and had lower working conditions reported greater improvements as soon as they retired, the team found. （分数：7.00）(1).Most of the newly retired feel younger and healthier than before.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B.
15、 Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(2).Older workers are generally as fit for work as younger workers.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(3).Older workers usually get on very well with younger workers.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(4).Europe is aging faster than most other par
16、ts of the globe.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(5).The study analyzed the participants perception of their own health in a certain period.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(6).The participants came from various countries in Europe.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C.
17、Not mentioned(7).The findings of the study apply to conditions all over the world.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned三、B第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)下面的短文后有 2 项测试任务：(1) 第 2326 题要求从所给的 6 个选项中为第 14 段每段选择 1 个最佳标题；(2) 第 2730 题要求从所给的 6 个选项中为每个句子确定 1 个最佳选项。 Parkinsons Disease1. Parkinsons
18、disease affects the way you move. It happens when there is a problem with certain nerve cells in the brain. Normally, these nerve cells make an important chemical called dopamine (多巴胺). Dopamine sends signals to the part of your brain that controls movement. It lets your muscles move smoothly and do
19、 what you want them to do. When you have Parkinsons, these nerve cells Break down. Then you no longer have enough dopamine, and you have trouble moving the way you want to. 2. No one knows for sure what makes these nerve cells break down. But scientists are doing a lot of research to look for the an
20、swer. They are studying many possible causes, including aging and poisons in the environment. Abnormal genes seem to lead to Parkinsons disease in some people. But so far, there is not enough proof to show that it is always inherited. 3. Tremor (颤抖) may be the first symptom you notice. It is one of
21、the most common signs of the disease, although not everyone has it. Tremor often starts in just one arm or leg or only on one side of the body. It may be worse when you are awake but not moving the affected arm or leg. It may get better when you move the limb or you are asleep. In time, Parkinsons a
22、ffects muscles all through your body, so it can lead to problems like trouble swallowing or constipation (便秘). In the later stages of the disease, a person with Parkinsons may have a fixed or blank expression, trouble speaking, and other problems. Some people also have a decrease in mental skills. 4
23、. At this time, there is no cure for Parkinsons disease. But there are several types of medicines that can control the symptoms and make the disease easier to live with. You may not even need treatment if your symptoms are mild. Your doctor may wait to prescribe medicines until your symptoms start t
24、o get in the way of your daily life. Your doctor will adjust your medicines as your symptoms get worse. You may need to take several medicines to get the best results. A. Tips for Patients with the Disease B. Common Treatment for the Disease C. Means of Diagnosis of the Disease D. Typical Symptoms o
25、f the Disease E. Possible Causes of the DiseaseF. Definition of Parkinsons Disease（分数：8.00）(1).Paragraph 1_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 2_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 3_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 4_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_(6).A lot of research is being done to find out_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(7).One o
26、f the most common signs of Parkinsons is tremor,_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(8).A person with Parkinsons has to learn to live with the disease,_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、B第 4 部分：阅读理解/B(总题数：3，分数：45.00)下面有 3 篇短文，每篇短文后有 5 道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定 1 个最佳选项。 B第一篇/BDo Patients Trust Doctors Too Much?Earlier this year, the American
27、 College of Surgeons, the national scientific and educational organization of surgeons, conducted a nationwide survey that found that the average patient devotes an hour or less to researching his or her surgery or surgeon. While prospective patients worry about the costs or complications of an oper
28、ation, they dont necessarily look for information that would address their concerns. In fact, more than a third of patients who had an operation in the last five years never reviewed the credentials of the surgeon who operated. Patients are more likely to spend time researching a job change (on aver
29、age, about 10 hours) or a new car (8 hours) than the operation they are about to submit to or the surgeon who wields (支配)the knife. And many patients are satisfied with the answers they receive from their surgeons or primary care doctors, whoever those individuals happen to be. I felt curious about
30、the survey, so I called Dr. Thomas Russell, executive director of the American College of Surgeons. “There is a tendency for patients not to get particularly involved and not to feel compelled to look into their surgery or surgeons,“ he told me. There are consequences to that kind of blind trust. “T
31、oday, medicine and surgery are really team sports,“ Dr. Russell continued, “and the patient, as the ultimate decision maker, is the most important member of the team. Mistakes can happen, and patients have to be educated and must understand what is going on. “ In other words, a healthy doctor-patien
32、t relationship does not simply entail good bedside manners and responsible office management on the part of the doctor. It also requires that patients come to the relationship educated about their doctors, their illnesses and their treatment. “If we are truly going to reform the health care system i
33、n the U. S. ,“ Dr. Russell said, “everybody has to participate actively and must educate themselves. That means doctors, nurses, other health care professionals, lawyers, pharmaceutical (制的) companies, and insurance companies. But most of all, it means the patient. “ Trust is important. But as Sir F
34、rancis Bacon, who was among the first to understand the importance of gathering data in science, once observed, knowledge is power. （分数：15.00）(1).According to the author, patients should spend more time（分数：3.00）A.researching the American College of Surgeons.B.researching their surgery or surgeons.C.
35、researching new cars.D.researching job changes.(2).owadays patients seem to have（分数：3.00）A.too much trust in their doctors.B.too much information about their doctors.C.too little faith in their doctors.D.a healthy relationship with their doctors.(3).Medicine and surgery are now really team sports in
36、 which（分数：3.00）A.patients and doctors play equally important roles.B.the patient does not have an active role to play.C.doctors have the final say in almost everything.D.the patient has the most important rote to play.(4).It is wrong to think that a healthy doctor-patient relationship（分数：3.00）A.is d
37、ependent just on the doctor.B.is a goal that can be achieved.C.entails any effort on the part of the patient.D.is what the patient truly desires.(5).The author does NOT believe in（分数：3.00）A.lots of scientific data.B.Francis Bacon.C.blind trust.D.too much knowledge.B第二篇/BCT Scans and Lung CancerSmall
38、 or slow-growing nodules (小结节) discovered on a lung scan are unlikely to develop into tumors over the next two years, researchers reported on Wednesday. The findings, reported in the New England Journal of Medicine, could help doctors decide when to do more aggressive testing for lung cancer. They c
39、ould also help patients avoid unnecessarily aggressive and potentially harmful testing when lesions (损伤) are found. Lung cancer, the biggest cancer killer in the United States and globally, is often not diagnosed until it has spread. It kills 159,000 people a year in the United States alone. The wor
40、k is part of a larger effort to develop guidelines to help doctors decide what to do when such growths, often discovered by accident, appear in a scan. High-tech (高技术的) X-rays called CT scans can detect tumors - but they see all sorts of other blobs (糊涂的一团) that are not tumors, and often the only wa
41、y to tell the difference is to take a biopsy (活检), a dangerous procedure. At the moment, routine lung cancer screening is considered impractical because of its high cost and because too many healthy people are called back for further testing. Good guidelines could help make lung cancer screening pra
42、ctical, Dr. Rob van Klaveren of the Erasmus Medical Center in Rotterdam, the Netherlands, who led the new study, said in a telephone inter view. The team looked at 7,557 people at high risk for lung cancer because they were current and former smokers. All received multidetector (多层螺旋) CT scans that
43、measured the size of any suspicious-looking nodules. Volunteers who had nodules over 9.7 mm in width, or had growths of 4.6 mm that grew fast enough to more than double in volume every 400 days, were sent for further testing. Of the 196 people who fell into that category, 70 were found to have lung
44、cancer; 10 additional cases were found years later. But of the 7,361 who tested negative during screening, only 20 lung cancer cases later developed. In a second round of screening, done one year after the first, 1.8 percent were sent to the doctor because they had a nodule that was large or fast-gr
45、owing. More than half turned out to have lung cancer. The result means that if the screening test says you dont have lung cancer, you probably dont, the researchers said. “The chances of finding lung cancer one and two years after a negative first-round test were 1 in 1,000 and 3 in 1,000 respective
46、ly,“ they concluded. （分数：15.00）(1).The new study indicates that in case of small or slow-growing lung nodules（分数：3.00）A.you cannot be too careful.B.cancer is just a matter of time.C.a biopsy is unnecessary.D.more aggressive testing is a must.(2).Which is probably NOT true of lung cancer?（分数：3.00）A.S
47、mokers are usually considered to be at high risk for it.B.It is the leading cause of cancer deaths around the world.C.159,000 new cases of it are diagnosed in the US each year.D.It often goes unnoticed until it has spread.(3).According to the passage, good guidelines for lung cancer screening（分数：3.0
48、0）A.are a little bit too costly.B.do not exist yet.C.are being implemented.D.have been developed.(4).All the following statements are true EXCEPT（分数：3.00）A.a relatively small number of the volunteers had large or fast-growing nodules.B.almost all those with large or fast-growing nodules were found t
49、o have lung cancer.C.all the volunteers were at high risk for lung cancer.D.most of the volunteers tested negative during screening.(5).In the eyes of the researchers, the percentages given in the last paragraph（分数：3.00）A.are somewhat inaccurate.B.are pretty small.C.are rather high.D.are quite unbelievable.B第三篇/BThe IcemanOn a September day in 1991,
