1、职称英语卫生类 B级-28 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.Because of gambling, David had lost almost everything he possessed. A. owed B. belonged C. bought D. owned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.This auditorium can seat 2,000 people. A. sit B. hold C. hide D. stock（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.They tried to
2、dig up something from the past. A. find B. choose C. search D. look for（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.During the office hours, you should focus your mind on your work. A. concentrate on B. complete C. remind D. pay for（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.Shy felt frustrated when nobody understood what she was trying to say. A. b
3、oring B. upset C. angry D. dull（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.During the Second -World War, many Jews escaped to Americ a.A. traveledB. fledC. flewD. ran（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.Last week, I called on my teacher. A. telephoned B. rang C. visited D. saw（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.It can be regarded as the worst day in my entir
4、e life. A. all B. young C. whole D. joyful（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.Many young began to taking drugs without realizing what the danger is. A. risk B. harm C. pain D. effect（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.Fortunately, she managed to finish the work on time. A. Happily B. Luckily C. Frankly D. Honestly（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.1
5、1.The main purpose of this meeting is to elect a new chairman. A. dominant B. minor C. key D. major（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.Nobody can put up with his bad temper. A. stand B. change C. stop D. criticize（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.Because Susie earns a small sum of money every month, she cannot rent a large apart
6、ment. A. department B. villa C. flat D. shed（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.As soon as Jennifer asked his name and address, the man rang off. A. rang back B. rang up C. hung up D. hung on（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.After the earthquake, our village was badly damaged. A. deeply B. severely C. thoroughly D. hardly（分数：1.0
7、0）A.B.C.D.二、第 2部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)Lower Body Fat Means Better PerformanceThese days, fashion models and pop stars are not the only people who have to watch their waistline. Football players who miss a few kicks and let their belly hanging out a little too much are likely to be attacked by rabid f
8、ans or even the president of a country.The latest football star to draw the attention of the “fat police“ is Barcelonas Ronaldinho, 26. Last Friday, a Spanish sports daily published two photos of the Brazilian star without his shirt. One was taken in November 2003; the other was taken this month. In
9、 the most recent one, the stars waistline seems to have a little extra padding.Another Spanish sports daily published similar before-and-aider photos and argued that the star has “lost his explosiveness and velocity“ and is “worn out“. The cause, according to the news paper, is his poor physical fit
10、ness.However, the players coach, Frank Rijkaard, insists that hes satisfied with Ronaldinhos form and fitness. And after Barcelonas victory over Athletic Bibao on Sunday, Ronaldinho challenged photographers to take pictures of him when he took off his shirt.“! dont have anything to hide,“ he said.Fe
11、llow Brazilian Ronaldo, 30, of Real Madrid, faced similar criticism before the 2006 World Cup. But the criticism didnt come from a bunch of sports reporters: It came from the president of Brazil.“So, what is it?“ Brazils President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva asked the national soccer teams coach in hi
12、s office last June, according to the Associated Press. “Is he Ronaldo fat or not?“He is very strong, president,“ Carlos Alberto Parreira reportedly said at the time. “He is not that boy anymore. His body type has changed.“The game of footfall demands that players put as much emphasis on fitness as t
13、hey can do on dribbling, passing or shooting.During a proper training regimen, football players normally follow a load-fatigue-recovery pattern. They push their body toward a higher mark of fitness and experience a slight and brief drop in performance. Then they begin the recovery process, which wil
14、l ideally carry their performance to an even higher plane.However, sometimes non-physical factors can influence a players poor fitness. In Ronaldinhos case, for instance, people, often unnamed, have blamed everything from the pressure of contract negotiations to personal problems and too many advert
15、ising commitments.（分数：7.00）(1).Fans can be very critical of a fashion models figure.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).People like football stars more than they like pop stars.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).Ronaldinho is a well-known Spanish star.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentio
16、ned(4).The president of Brazil showed no concern about Ronaldos figure.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).According to CalosAlberto Parreira, Ronaldos body shape has changed.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).The football game demands a lot from players.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not men
17、tioned(7).Ronaldinho often goes to pubs.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第 3部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：2，分数：8.00)More Than 8 Hours Sleep Too Much of a Good Thing1 Although the dangers of too little sleep are Widely known, new research suggests that people who sleep too much may also suffer the conseque
18、nces.2 Investigators at the University of California in San Diego found that people who clock up 9 or 10 hours each weeknight appear to have more trouble falling and staying asleep, as well as a number of other sleep problems, than people who sleep 8 hours a night. People who slept only 7 hours each
19、 night also said they had more trouble falling asleep arid feeling refreshed after a nights sleep than 8-hour sleepers.3 These findings, which Dr. Daniel Kripke reported in the journal Psychosomatic Medicine, demonstrate that people who want to get a good nights rest may not need to set aside more t
20、han 8 hours a night. He added that “it might be a good idea“ for people who sleep more than 8 hours each night to consider reducing the amount of time they spend in bed, but cautioned that more research is needed to confirm this.4 Previous studies have shown the potential dangers of chronic shortage
21、s of sleep, for instance, one report demonstrated that people who habitually sleep less than 7 hours each night have a higher risk of dying within a fixed period than people who sleep more.5 For the current report, Kripke reviewed the responses of 1,004 adults to sleep questionnaires, in which parti
22、cipants indicated how much they slept during the week and whether they experienced any sleep problems. Sleep problems included waking in the middle of the night, arising early in the morning and being unable to fall hack to sleep, and having fatigue interfere with day-to-day functioning.6 Kripke fou
23、nd that people who slept between 9 and 10 hours each night were more likely to report experiencing each sleep problem than people who slept 8 hours. In an interview, Kripke noted that long sleepers may struggle to get rest at night simply because they spend too much time in bed. As evidence, he adde
24、d that one way to help insomnia is to spend less time in bad. “It stands to reason that if a person spends too long a time in bed, then theyll spend a higher percentage of time awake,“ he said. A. Kripkes Research Tool B. Dangers of Habitual Shortages of Sleep C. Criticism on Kripkes Report D. A Way
25、 of Overcoming Insomnia E. Sleep Problems of Long and Shoat Sleepers F. Classification of Sleep Problems（分数：4.00）(1).Paragraph 2_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 4_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 5_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 6_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ A. fall asleep again B. become more energetic the foll
26、owing day C. sleep less than 7 hours D. confirm those serious consequences E. suffer sleep problems F. sleep more than 8 hours（分数：4.00）(1).To get a good nights rest, people may not need to_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Long sleepers are reported to be more likely to_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).One of the sleep prob
27、lems is walking in the middle of the night, unable to_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).One survey showed that people who habitually each night have a higher risk of dying_.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、第 4部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Egypt Felled by FamineEven ancient Egypts mighty pyramid builders were power
28、less in the face of the famine that helped bring down their civilization around 2180 BC. Now evidence gleaned from mud deposited by the River Nile suggests that a shift in climate thousands of kilometers to the south was ultimately to blame and the same or worse could happen today.The ancient Egypti
29、ans depended on the Niles annual floods to irrigate their crops. But any change in climate that pushed the African monsoons southwards out of Ethiopia would have diminished these floods.Dwindling rains in the Ethiopian highlands would have meant fewer plants to stablize the soil. When rain did fall
30、it would have washed large amounts of soil into the Blue Nile and into Egypt, along with sediment from the White Nile.The Blue Nile mud has a different isotope signature from that of the White Nile. So by analyzing isotope differences in mud deposited in the Nile Delta, Michael Krom of Leeds Univers
31、ity worked out what proportion of sediment came from each branch of the river.Krom reasons that during periods of drought, the amount of the Blue Nile mud in the river would be relatively high. He found that one of these periods, from 4,500 to 4,200 years ago, immediately predates the fall of the Eg
32、ypts Old Kingdom.The weakened waters would have been catastrophic for the Egyptians. “ Changes that affect food supply dont have to be very large to have a ripple effect in societies,“ says Bill Ryan of the Lamont Doberty Earth Observatory in New York.“Similar events today could be even more devasta
33、ting,“ says team member Daniel Stanley, a geoarchaeologist from the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D C. “ Anything humans do to shift the climate belts would have an even worse effect along the Nile system today because the populations have increased dramatically. /（分数：15.00）(1).Why does the
34、 author mention “pyramid builders“ ?（分数：3.00）A.Because they once Worked miracles.B.Because they were well-built.C.Because they were actually very weak.D.Because even they were unable to rescue their civilization.(2).Which of the following factors was ultimately responsible for the fall of the civili
35、zation of ancient Egypt?（分数：3.00）A.Change of climate.B.Famine.C.Flood.D.Population growt(3).Which of the following statements is true?（分数：3.00）A.The White Nile is the trunk of the River Nile.B.The White Nile is the trunk of the Blue Nile.C.The White Nile is a branch of the Blue Nile.D.The White Nile
36、 and the Blue Nile are branches of the River Nil(4).According to Krom, Egypts Old Kingdom fell_.（分数：3.00）A.immediately after a period of droughtB.immediately after a period of floodC.just before a drought struckD.just before a flood struck(5).The word “devastating“ in the last paragraph could be bes
37、t replaced by_.（分数：3.00）A.“frustrating“.B.“damaging“.C.“defeating“.D.“ worrying“.六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Smart WindowWindows not only let light in to cut down an electricity use for lighting, but the light coming through the window also provides heat. However, windows are not something people typically
38、 associate with being a cutting edge technology. Researchers are now working on new technologies that enable a window to quickly change from clear to dark and anywhere in between with a flip of a switch.“It took us a long time to figure out what a window really is,“ says Claes Granqvist. Hes a profe
39、ssor of solid-state physics at Uppsala University in Sweden. “Its contact with the outside world. You have to have visual contact with the surrounding world to feel well.“ So, windows and natural light are important for improving the way people feel when theyre stuck indoors.Yet, windows are the wea
40、k link in a building when it comes to energy and temperature control. In the winter, cold air leaks in. When its hot and sunny, sunlight streams in. All of this sunlight carries lots of heat and energy. And all of this extra heat forces people to turn on their air conditioners. Producing blasts of c
41、old air, which can feel so refreshing, actually suck up enormous amounts of electricity in buildings around the world.Windows have been a major focus of energy research for a long time. Over the years, scientists have come up with a variety of strategies for coating, glazing, and layering windows to
42、 make them more energy efficient. Smart windows go a step further. They use chromogenic technologies which involve changes of color.electro chromic windows use electricity to change color. For example, a sheet of glass coated with thin layers of chemical compound such as tungsten oxide works a bit l
43、ike a battery. Tungsten oxide is clear when an electric charge is applied and dark when the charge is removed, that is, when the amount of voltage is decreased, the window darkens until its completely dark after all electricity is taken away. So applying a voltage determines whether the window looks
44、 clear or dark.One important feature that makes a smart window so smart is that it has a sort of “memory.“ All it takes is a small jolt of voltage to turn the window from one state to the other. Then, it stays that way. Transitions take anywhere from 10 seconds to a few minutes, depending on the siz
45、e of the window. The development of smart windows could mean that massive air conditioning systems may no longer need. “In the future,“ Granqvist says, “our buildings may look different.（分数：15.00）(1).Which of the following statements does not indicate the importance of windows as described in the fi
46、rst two paragraphs?（分数：3.00）A.Windows can change from clear to dark to save energy.B.Windows help to save energy by letting light in.C.Windows help to save energy by providing heat.D.Windows enable people to have contact with the outside worl(2).When are windows the weak link in a building?（分数：3.00）
47、A.In the cold winter.B.In the hot summer.C.When air conditioners are turned on.D.Both A and B.(3).What are smart windows, according to Paragraph 4?（分数：3.00）A.Windows that are coated.B.Windows that are glazed.C.Windows the color of which can be changed.D.Windows that have many layers.(4).To make elec
48、trochromic windows change color, what is applied to the window glass?（分数：3.00）A.Electricity.B.Tungsten oxide.C.A battery.D.A voltag(5).What will be the benefit if the research on smart windows turns out to be successful, according to the last paragraph?（分数：3.00）A.The buildings will look different.B.
49、Windows can be as large as you want.C.We may not need air conditioners any more.D.They are less expensive than traditional windows.七、第三篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)HappinessIf your sense of well-being fluctuates with stock market, you might be comforted to know that money cant buy you happiness anyway.In one American stu
