1、职称英语卫生类 B级-48 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.You dont need to carry large amounts of cash; actually all financial businesses will be conducted by computers.A. transmissions B. transitions C. transactions D. transportation（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.John is collaborating with Mary i
2、n writing an articleA. cooperatingB. competingC. combiningD. arguing（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.I have been trying to give up smoking.A. give off B. put up C. quit D. accept（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.If headaches only occur at night, lack of fresh air is often the cause.A. deliver B. fallC. happen D. arrive（分数：1.00）
3、A.B.C.D.5.The department chairman refused to authorize the requisition.A. request B. transfer C. grant D. project（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.I am very sorry for ringing you late last night.A. simply B. terribly C. eagerly D. largely（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.The discovery was sensational.A. sexy B. surprising C. exc
4、eptional D. exciting（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.She was close to success.A. fast B. quickC. near D. tight（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.From my standpoint, this thing is just ridiculous.A. field C. knowledgeB. point of view D. information（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.During his lifetime he was able to accumulate quite a fortune.A
5、. control B. spendC. collect D. exchange（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.New York is rated second in the production of 850,000,000 dollars this year.A. ranked B. occupiedC. arranged D. classified（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.She was unwilling to go but she had no choice.A. unable B. indecisive C. ready D. reluctant（分数：1.0
6、0）A.B.C.D.13.Beijing is a pleasant place with convenient transportation and communication system.A. shocking B. pleasingC. boring D. surprising（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.According to the science of aerodynamics,the shape of an object influences the amount of drag created by air flowing around it.A. form B.
7、 size C. weight D. interior（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.The price of vegetables fluctuates according to the weather.A. jumps B. risesC. falls D. changes（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、第 2部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)Changes in MuseumsMuseums have changed. They are no longer places that one “should“ visit, they are places to enj
8、oy and learn.At a science museum in Ontario, Canada, you can feel your hair stand on end as harmless electricity passes through your body. At the Metropolitan (大城市的) Museum of Art in New York City, you can look at the seventeenth century instruments while listening to their music. At New Yorks Ameri
9、can Museum of Natural History recently, you can help make a bone-by-hone reproduction of the museums dinosaur(恐龙), a beast that lived 200 million years age.More and more museum directors are realizing that people learn best when they can somehow become part of what they are seeing. In many science m
10、useums, for example, there are no guided tours. The visitor is encouraged to touch, listen, operate, and experiment so as to discover scientific principles for himself. The purpose is not only to provide fun but also to help people feel at home in the world of science. The theory is that people who
11、do not understand science will probably fear it, and those who fear science will not use it to best advantage.One cause of all these changes is the increase in wealth and leisure time. Another cause is the rising percentage of young people in the population. Many of these young people are college st
12、udents or college graduates. Leon F. Twiggs, a young black professor of art once said, “They see things in a new and different way, They are not satisfied to stand and look at works of art; they want art they can participate(参加) in.“ The same is true of science and history.（分数：7.00）(1).When visiting
13、 museums nowadays, people can take part in many activities.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(2).New Yorks American Museum of Natural History is opened recently.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(3).In science museums nowadays visitors are not allowed to touch or operat
14、e the objects on display.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(4).In science museums today, people no longer feel strange in the world Of science but gain scientific knowledge by themselves.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(5).In America today, all science museums are ope
15、n to the public and free.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(6).People can afford to got the modern museums since they have more time now.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(7).Young people who are well-educated like the art they can participate in.A. Right B. Wrong C. No
16、t mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.三、第 3部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：2，分数：8.00)A. History of the cityB. Industries of the cityC. Population growthD. EducationE. Cultural centerF. Immigration（分数：4.00）(1).Paragraph 2 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 3 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 4 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 5 _（分数：1.
17、00）填空项 1:_A. Atmospheric ScientistsB. The Calculations Made at the Berlin WorkshopC. The Previous Calculations of the Effect of AerosolsD. The Scientists AgreementE. The Authoritative ConclusionF. Greenhouse Gases（分数：4.00）(1).Paragraph 2 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 3 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragrap
18、h 4 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 5 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、第 4部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)An independent inquiry into out of hours services of family doctors in Scotland has concluded that the introduction of GP cooperatives has been a positive development that is benefiting both patient
19、s and doctors.The working group that drew up the report, however, has expressed some concern about the treatment of children and difficulties faced by some patients in arranging their own transport to travel to emergency centers. Improvements are being sought by the Scottish Office on these issues t
20、o improve the quality, fairness, and responsiveness of the system.The inquiry was prompted by the deaths of two babies in Ayrshire after the local cooperative, Ayrshire Doctors on Call, provided telephone advice but declined requests for home visits. Parents of the dead children criticized the coope
21、rative for failing to send out a doctor.The parents supported a campaign that called for automatic home visits to be provided for certain groups of patients, such as children and elderly people. That idea has been rejected by the inquiry team, which said that neither patient nor professional groups
22、accepted the value of policies that would provide automatic home visits. Instead, it is recommended that cooperatives carry out more effective monitoring of treatment for children, including reviewing complaints and critical incidents.The first GP cooperatives were formed three years ago to take ove
23、r out of hours calls from individual practices, but they were established with different working practices. The report notes that variation exists in transport arrangements, with some cooperatives providing free transport to emergency centers and others requiring people often make their own arrangem
24、ents. Health board have been ordered to report on the fairness of transport arrangements in their area.Guidelines are also to be introduced to ensure that cooperatives are working to similar high standards. They will include arrangements that will allow patients to make contact with an out of hours
25、service with a single phone call. Initiatives are also planned to help GPs in rural areas who have been unable to benefit from the development of cooperatives. An extra 540 000 is being provided to pay for these developments.（分数：15.00）(1).What does the passage mainly deal with?A. The introduction of
26、 GP cooperatives has been a negative development.B. GP Cooperatives in Scotland benefit patients and doctors.C. GP cooperatives have some disadvantages which would do harm to patients.D. GP cooperatives are well-developed in Scotland.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The world “issues“ is Line 3 Paragraph 2 can
27、mostly be replaced by_.A. problems B. troublesC. cases D. difficulties（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The services GP cooperatives provide are _.A. medical advice on the phone and treatment of patients who are sent to hospitalsB. arranging ambulance for patients and home visits for certain groups of patientsC.
28、 home visits for children and elderly peopleD. establishment emergency ward（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The following statements conform to the passage except _.A. GP cooperatives were established with different medical unitsB. transport arrangements and quality of services provided by different medical uni
29、ts are not of the same standardsC. patients request for fairness of transport arrangementsD. cooperatives should make improvement in the treatment of children（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The inquiry teams advice to the cooperatives is _.A. to strengthen the monitoring role in the treatment for childrenB. to
30、 improve the quality, fairness of the systemC. to help GPs in the citiesD. to cooperate with local hospitals（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Lack of Sleep Increases the Risk of Catching a ColdAs cold season approaches, many Americans stock up on their vitamin C and Echinacea (紫锥花精油). But fallow
31、ing the age -old advice about catching up on sleep might be more important.Studies have demonstrated that poor sleep and susceptibility (易受影响) to colds go hand in hand, and scientists think it could be a reflection of the role sleep plays in maintaining the bodys defenses.In a recent study for the A
32、rchives of Internal Medicine, scientists followed 153 men and women for two weeks, keeping mack of their quality and duration of sleep. Then, during a five - day period, they quarantined (进行检疫隔离) the subjects and exposed them to cold viruses. Those who slept an average of fewer than seven hours a ni
33、ght, it turned out, were three times as likely to get sick as those who averaged at least eight hours.Sleep and immunity, it seems, are tightly linked. Studies have found that mammals that require the most sleep also produce greater levels of disease - fighting white blood cells-but not red blood ce
34、lls, even though both are produced in bone marrow (骨髓) and stem from the same precursor (前体物). And researchers at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology have shown that species that sleep more have greater resistance against pathogens (病原体).“Species that have evolved longer sleep dur
35、ations,“ the Planck scientists wrote, “appear to be able to increase investment in their immune systems and be better protected. /（分数：15.00）(1).What do many Americans do in the effort to avoid cold in winter?A. They take vitamin C and use Echinacea.B. They sleep more as the scientists suggest.C. The
36、y try to stay indoors as much as possibleD. They sleep less to make time for exercise.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(2).What did the scientists do in the study for the Archives of Internal Medicine?A. They checked the subjects health problems and gave advice.B. They made record of the subjects quality and length
37、 of sleep.C. They exposed the subjects to different kinds of viruses.D. They gave medicine to the subjects who had caught cold.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(3).How long did the experiment last according to passage?A. Two weeks. B. About three weeks.C. For many years. D. For Five days.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(4).What c
38、an we learn from the passage?A. Scientists have proved the link between sleep and immunity.B. Mammals that require the most sleep produce more blood cells.C. Species that sleep more have greater resistance against pathogens.D. Red blood cells help the body to fight against diseases.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.
39、(5).Where is white blood cells produced?A. In the blood vessels. B. In the heart.C. In bone marrow. D. In the precursor.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.七、第三篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Without regular supplies of some hormones our capacity to behave would be seriously impaired; without others we would soon die. Tiny amounts o
40、f some hormones can modify our moods and our action, our inclination to eat or drink, our aggressiveness or submissiveness, and our reproductive and parental behavior. And hormones do more than influence adult behavior; early in life they help to determine the development of bodily form and may even
41、 determine an individuals behavioral capacities. Later in life the changing outputs of some endocrine glands and the bodys changing sensitivity to some hormones are essential aspects of the phenomena of aging. Communication within the body and the consequent integration of behavior were considered t
42、he exclusive province of the nervous system up to the beginning of the present century. The emergence of endocrinology as a separate discipline can probable be traced to the experiments of Bayliss and Starling on the hormone secretion. This substance is secreted from cells in the intestinal walls wh
43、en food enters the stomach; it travels through the bloodstream and stimulates the pancreas to liberate pancreatic juice, which aids in digestion. By showing that special cells secrete chemical agents that are conveyed by the bloodstream and regulate distant target organs or tissues, Bayliss and Star
44、ling demonstrated that chemical integration can occur without participation of the nervous system. The term “hormone“ was first used with reference to secretion. Starling derived the term from the Greek hormone, meaning “to excited or set in motion.“ The term “endocrine“ was introduced shortly there
45、after, “Endocrine“ is used to refer to glands that secrete products into the bloodstream. The term “endocrine“ contrasts with “exocrine“ which is applied to glands that secrete their products through ducts to the site of action. Examples of exocrine glands are the tear glands, the sweat glands, and
46、the pancreas, which secretes pancreatic juice through a duct into intestine. Exocrine glands are also called duct glands, while endocrine glands are called ductless.（分数：15.00）(1).What is the authors main purpose in the passage? A. To explain the specific functions of various hormones. B. To provide
47、general information about hormones. C. To explain how the term “hormone“ evolved. D. To report on experiments in endocrinology.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The word “aggressiveness“ in Para. 1, sentence 2 is closest in meaning_. A. offensive B. invasion C. assault D. initiative（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The word
48、“submissiveness“ in Para. 1, sentence 3 is closest in meaning to_. A. servitude B. docility C. sublimity D. subordination（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an effect of hormones? A. Modification of behavior B. Sensitivity to hunger and thirst C. Aggressive feelings D. Ma
49、intenance of blood pressure（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The passage supports which of the following conclusions? A. The human body requires large amounts of most hormones. B. Synthetic hormones can replace a persons natural supply of hormones if necessary. C. The quantity of hormones produced and their effects on the body are related to a person s age.D. The short child of all parent v
