1、职称英语理工类 B 级真题 2012 年及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：120 分钟)一、第一部分：词汇选项（第 115 题，每题 1(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.All the flats in the building had the same layout. （分数：1.00）A.colorB.sizeC.functionD.arrangement2.The storm caused severe damage. （分数：1.00）A.physicalB.accidentalC.seriousD.environmental3.The walls are made of
2、hollow concrete blocks. （分数：1.00）A.bigB.emptyC.longD.new4.Joe came to the window as the crowd chanted “Joe, Joe, Joe. ” （分数：1.00）A.repeatedB.jumpedC.maintainedD.fund5.Do we have to wear these name tags? （分数：1.00）A.listsB.formsC.labelsD.codes6.Our aim was to update the health service and we succeeded
3、. （分数：1.00）A.offerB.provideC.modernizeD.fund7.He inspired many young people to take up the sport. （分数：1.00）A.encouragedB.allowedC.calledD.advised8.The city center was wiped out by the bomb. （分数：1.00）A.coveredB.reducedC.destroyedD.moved9.Most babies can take in a wide range of food easily. （分数：1.00）A
4、.bringB.digestC.keepD.serve10.A large crowd assembled outside the American embassy. （分数：1.00）A.watchedB.shoutedC.gatheredD.walked11.The weather was crisp and clear and you could see the mountains fifty miles away. （分数：1.00）A.freshB.hotC.heavyD.windy12.What puzzles me is why his books are so popular.
5、 （分数：1.00）A.shocksB.influencesC.confusesD.concerns13.I think 7 a drink is a bit steep, dont you? （分数：1.00）A.tightB.lowC.cheapD.high14.The contempt he felt for his fellow students was obvious. （分数：1.00）A.needB.hateC.loveD.pity15.Her comments about men are utterly ridiculous. （分数：1.00）A.slightlyB.part
6、lyC.completelyD.faintly二、第二部分：阅读判断（第 1622 题，每题(总题数：1，分数：7.00)Eastern Quakes Can Trigger Big Shakes In the first week of November 2011, people in central Oklahoma experienced more than two dozen earthquakes. The largest, a magnitude 5.6 quake, shook thousands of fans in a college football stadium, ca
7、used cracks in a few buildings and rattled the nerves of many people who had never felt a quake before. Oklahoma is not an area of the country famous for its quakes. If you watch the news on TV, you see reports about all sorts of natural disasters hurricanes, tornadoes, flooding and wildfires, to na
8、me a few. But the most dangerous type of natural disaster, and also the most unpredictable, is the earthquake. Researchers at the U.S. Geological Survey estimate that several million earthquakes rattle the globe each year. That may sound scary, but people dont feel many of the tremors because they h
9、appen in remote and unpopulated regions. Many quakes happen under the ocean, and others have a very small magnitude, or shaking intensity. A magnitude 5.8 earthquake that struck central Virginia the afternoon of August 23, 2011, was felt from central Georgia to southeastern Canada. In many urban are
10、as, including Washington, D.C., and New York City (Wall Street shown), people crowded the streets while engineers inspected buildings. Scientists know about small, remote quakes only because of very sensitive electronic devices called seismometers. These devices detect and measure the size of ground
11、 vibrations produced by earthquakes. Altogether, USGS researchers use seismometers to identify and locate about 20,000 earthquakes each year. Although earthquakes can happen anywhere in the world, really big quakes occur only in certain areas. The largest ones register a magnitude 8 or higher and ha
12、ppen, on average, only once each year. Such big ones typically occur along the edges of Earths tectonic plates. Tectonic plates are huge pieces of Earths crust, sometimes many kilometers thick. These plates cover our planets surface like a jigsaw puzzle. Often, jagged edges of these plates temporari
13、ly lock together. When plates jostle and scrape past each other earthquakes occur. On average, tectonic plates move very slowly about the same speed as your fingernails grow. But sometimes earthquakes rumble through portions of the landscape far from a plates edges. Although less expected, these “mi
14、d-plate” tremors can do substantial damage. Some of the biggest known examples rattled the eastern half of the United States two centuries ago. Today, scientists are still puzzling over why the quakes occurred and when similar ones might occur. （分数：7.00）(1).Oklahoma is an area often experiencing nat
15、ural disasters. （分数：1.00）A.rightB.wrongC.not mention(2).The earth quake is the most unpredictable natural disaster. （分数：1.00）A.rightB.wrongC.not mention(3).Few earthquakes happen without peoples awareness. （分数：1.00）A.rightB.wrongC.not mention(4). Seismometers can identify and locate most of the eart
16、hquakes in China. （分数：1.00）A.rightB.wrongC.not mention(5).Big earthquakes of a magnitude 8 or higher seldom happen far from the edges of tectonic plates. （分数：1.00）A.rightB.wrongC.not mention(6).Whenever tectonic plates move, earthquakes happen. （分数：1.00）A.rightB.wrongC.not mention(7).The earthquake
17、that hit the eastern half of the United States two centuries ago is the biggest “mid-plate” one in history. （分数：1.00）A.rightB.wrongC.not mention三、第三部分：概括大意和完成句子（第 233(总题数：2，分数：8.00)Learn about Noble Gases(惰性气体) 1. Have you ever ridden on a balloon? Many tourist spots offer balloon rides in order for
18、 people to see the beauty of a place from above. A balloon contains a noble gas called helium. Formerly, balloons contained hydrogen but hydrogen is very flammable and dangerous when uncontrolled. Therefore, people shifted to helium, which is safer. Helium is safe because it has the properties of th
19、e noble gases. 2. People once believed that noble gases couldnt chemically react at all. For this reason, they were called inert gases. They were also clustered under Group 0 in the old periodic table because scientists believed that the gases have zero valence electrons in their outer shell. This w
20、as later proven to be untrue when some noble gas compounds were discovered. 3. The gases are elements, which share similar properties. These properties include being monoatomic, colorless, odorless, being able to conduct electricity, and having low chemical reactivity. Noble gases include Helium, Ne
21、on, Argon, Krypton, Xenon and Radon. These are all found in Group 18, in the rightmost column of the periodic table. If you look at the periodic table, you will notice that these elements are the only ones, which do not have a charge. Helium has the lowest molecular（分子的）weight while Radon is the hea
22、viest. 4. Remember that chemical reactions occur because atoms have “valence” electrons, which are electrons in their outer shell. When the outer shell is “unfilled” or the required number of electrons is not yet complete, the atom is more reactive. Noble gases have a full outer shell, meaning that
23、they have complete electrons in their outer shell. This complete number varies. For instance, the outer shell of Helium has 2 valence electrons while the outer shell of Xenon has 8 electrons. Nowadays, there remains to be a few noble gases because of the inherent low chemical reactivity of these sai
24、d gases. 5. Because of their properties, noble gases have many important applications. They are widely used in recreation, medicine and industries. For instance, Liquid Helium is used for superconducting magnets（磁体）. These magnets are very important in physics and medicine. When a doctor suspects th
25、at a persons brain has been damaged, he might request for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). MRI allows the doctor to “see” the brain, without operating on the patient. A. What are the applications of noble gases? B. How were noble gases discovered? C. What are noble gases? D. What cause the low chem
26、ical reactivity of noble gases? E. How were noble gases understood in the past? F. What is the periodic table? （分数：4.00）(1).Paragraph 2_ （分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.(2).Paragraph 3_ （分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.(3).Paragraph 4_ （分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.(4).Paragraph 5_ （分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.A. unnecessary B. complete C
27、. lightest D. important E. flammable F. reactive （分数：4.00）(1).Noble gases are not very chemically_. （分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.(2).Among the elements of noble gases Helium is the_. （分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.(3).The required number of electrons in noble gases outer shell is _. （分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.(4).MRI may m
28、ake operating on the patient _. （分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.四、第四部分：阅读理解（第 3145 题，每题(总题数：3，分数：45.00)第一篇 Active Gallery: The best of Bionics(仿生学) Humans might be the most highly-evolved species on the planet, but most animals possess skills we can only dream of having. Imagine how much electricity we could s
29、ave if we could see in the dark the way cats do. Imagine leaping from tree to tree like a monkey. Giraffes(长颈鹿), which are otherwise calm and good-natured, sleep only 4.6 hours a day. We realized a long, long time ago that nature provides the best blueprint(蓝图)for invention. Weve borrowed canals fro
30、m beavers(河狸)and reflectors from cats eyes. Although the words “bionics” became popular only after the 1960s, history shows that nature has always provided ideas on solving everyday problems. Our archives（档案）dont go back to the time of Leonardo da Vinci and his bird-like flying machines, but we can
31、take you to the late 19th century, where we applied those same principles for building our first practical airplanes. To prepare for their flight at Kitty Hawk, the Wright brothers studied the movements of pigeons to figure out how they stayed high up when they were heavier than air. Their success i
32、nspired scores of successors to improve on the airplane by studying various aspects of nature. One of Orville Wrights pupils caught and stuffed seagulls to examine their wingspan. Meanwhile, two French inventors examined spinning sycamore(梧桐) seeds in an effort to apply those same motions, reversed,
33、 to a helicopter. Some examples are more obvious than others. The outside of the airplane designed by the Wright brothers looks like a minimalistic (简单抽象艺术) structure. On the other hand, Barney Connetts fish submarine (潜水艇) actually looks like a fish. Some bio-inspired concepts have yet to be invent
34、ed. In the 1960s, the US Army commissioned several university professors to conduct research on the motor skills animals in hope of applying those same abilities to tanks. Tanks that run like horses or jump like grasshoppers(蚂蚱)-sounds shocking, doesnt it? But imagine how life would change if we cou
35、ld achieve that. （分数：15.00）(1).“Cats”, “monkeys“ and “giraffes” mentioned in paragraph 1 are examples to illustrate （分数：3.00）A.they are highly-evolved species as humans.B.humans can learn animals kills.C.they are skillful in different ways.D.animals have skills that humans do not possess.(2). Which
36、of the following can be found in the archive gallery? （分数：3.00）A.History books.B.The Wright brothers sculpture.C.First practical airplanes built in the late 19th century.D.Leonardo da Vincis bird-like flying machines(3).What happened after the Wright brothers success? （分数：3.00）A.People carried out a
37、 systematic study on pigeons.B.People studied more animals and plants to develop the airplane.C.People could fly their airplane for fun.D.People kept their airplane at a French gallery.(4). Which of the following in true about the research carried out by the US Army? （分数：3.00）A.It has changed our li
38、fe.B.It has cost a large sum of money.C.It has improved the abilities of tanks.D.It has not succeeded yet.(5).What does the writer want to tell in the passage? （分数：3.00）A.Many inventions get ideas from nature.B.Some animals possess unique skills.C.People should protect nature.D.Bionics is far from p
39、erfect.第二篇 Gross National Happiness In the last century, new technology improved the lives of many people in many countries. However, one country resisted these changes. High in the Himalayan mountains of Asia, the kingdom of Bhutan remained separate. Its people and Buddhist（佛教）culture had not been
40、affected for almost a thousand years. Bhutan, however，was a poor country. People died at a young age. Most of its people could not read, and they did not know much about the outside world. Then, in 1972, a new ruler named King Jigme Singye Wangchuck decided to help Bhutan to become modern, but witho
41、ut losing its traditions. King Wangchuck looked at other countries for ideas. He saw that most countries measured their progress by their Gross Natonal Product（GNP）. The GNP measures products and money. When the number of products sold increases people say the country is making progress. King Wangch
42、uck had a different idea for Bhutan. He wanted to measure his countrys progress by peoples happiness. If the peoples happiness increased, the king could say that Bhutan was making progress. To decide if people were happier, he created a measure called Gross National Happiness（GNH）. GNH is based on c
43、ertain principles that create happiness. People are happier if they have health care, education, and jobs. They are happier when they live in a healthy, protected environment. They are happier when they can keep their traditional culture and customs. Finally, people are happier when they have a good
44、, stable government. Now these is some evidence of increased GNH in Bhutan. People are healthier and are living longer. More people are educated and employed. Teenty-five percent of the land has become national parks, and the country has almost no pollution. The Bhutanese continue to wear their trad
45、itional clothing and follow their ancient Buddhist customs. Bhutan has also become a democracy. In 2008, King Wangchuck gave his power to his son. Although the country still had a king, it held its first democratic elections that year. Bhutan had political parties and political candidates for the fi
46、rst time. Finally, Bhutan has connected to the rest of the world through television and internet. Bhutan is a symbol for social progress. Many countries are now interested in Bhutans GNH. These countries are investigating their own ways to measure happiness. They want to create new policies that tak
47、e care of their people, cultures, and land. Brazil may be the nest country to use the principles of GNH. Brazilian leaders see the principles of GNH as a source of inspiration. Brazil is a large country with a diverse population. If happiness works as a measure of progress in Brazil, perhaps the res
48、t of the world will follow. （分数：15.00）(1). Who was Jigme Singye Wangchuck? （分数：3.00）A.A president.B.A Buddhist priest.C.A general.D.A king.(2).Apart from modernizing Bhutan, what else did Wangchuck want to do for Bhutan? （分数：3.00）A.To make its population grow.B.To keep it separate from the world.C.T
49、o encourage its people to get rich.D.To keep its tradition and customs.(3).A country shows its progress with GNP by （分数：3.00）A.selling more products.B.spending more money.C.spending less money.D.providing more jobs.(4).According to GNH, people are happier if they （分数：3.00）A.have new technology.B.can change their religion.C.have a good, stable government.D.have more money.(5).Today, many countries are （分数：3.00）A.using the principles of GNH to measure their progress.B.working together to develop a common scale to measure GNH.C.ta
