1、职称英语理工类 C级-42 及答案解析(总分：262.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B第 1部分：词汇选项/B(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.They only have a Ulimited/U amount of time to get their points across. A. large B. total C. small D. similar（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.The high-speed trains can have a major Uimpact/U on travel preferences. A. force B. influence C. s
2、urprise D. power（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.Can you Ufollow/U the plot? A. change B. investigate C. write D. understand（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.Even in a highly modernized country, Umanual/U work is still needed. A. physical B. mental C. natural D. hard（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.In the latter case the Uoutcome/U can be se
3、rious indeed. A. result B. judgment C. decision D. event（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.Norman Blarney is an artist of deep Uconvictions/U. A. statements B. beliefs C. suggestions D. claims（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.Man cannot Uexit/U without water. A. expand B. rise C. live D. quit（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.Jean has Umade up h
4、er mind/U not to go to the meeting. A. tried B. promised C. decided D. attempted（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.This reminds me of Ulots of/U things. A. much B. some C. big D. many（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.She will be very Upleased/U to meet you. A. angry B. happy C. sad D. unwilling（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.I have been try
5、ing to Uquit/U smoking. A. give up B. pick up C. build up D. take up（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.Relief workers were Ushocked/U by what they saw. A. moved B. touched C. surprised D. worried（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.The weather is a constant Usubject/U of conversation in Britain. A. question B. problem C. title D.
6、topic（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.This is not Utypical/U of English, but is a feature of the Chinese language. A. particular B. characteristic C. remarkable D. idiomatic（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.It is Uvirtually/U impossible to persuade him to apply for the job. A. simply B. almost C. totally D. completely（分数：1.00
7、）A.B.C.D.二、B第 2部分：阅读判断/B(总题数：1，分数：49.00)The Threat to KiribatiThe people of Kiribati are afraid that one day in the not-too-distant future, their country will disappear from the face of the earth-literally. Several times this year, the Pacific island nation has been flooded by a sudden high tide. Th
8、ese tides, which swept across the island and destroyed houses, came when there was neither wind nor rain. “This never happened before, “say the older citizens of Kiribati.What is causing these mysterious high tides? The answer may well be global warming. When fuels like oil and coal are being burned
9、, pollutants (污染物)are released; these pollutants trap heat in the earths atmosphere. Warmer temperatures cause water to expand and also create more water by melting glaciers (冰川)and polar (极地的) ice caps.If the trend continues, scientists say, many countries will suffer. Bangladesh, for example, migh
10、t lose one-fifth of its land. The coral (珊瑚) island nations of the Pacific, like Kiribati and the Marshall Islands, however, would face an even worse fatethey would be swallowed by the sea. The loss of these coral islands would be everyones loss. Coral formations are home to more species than any ot
11、her place on earth.The people of these nations feel frustrated. The sea, on which their economies have always been based, is suddenly threatening their existence. They dont have the money for expensive technological solutions like seawalls. And they have no control over the pollutants, which are bei
12、ng released mainly by activities in large industrialized countries. All they can do is to hope that industrialized countries will take steps to reduce pollution.（分数：49.00）(1).The people of Kiribati worry that one day their country will be taken away by a sudden high tide. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not me
13、ntioned（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).High tides used to attack Kiribati when there was strong wind or heavy rain. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The heat released by burning oil and coal is the direct cause of global warming. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Scie
14、ntists are not sure how serious the effects of global warming will be. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The coral island nations of the Pacific have a long history of civilization. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(6).The people of the coral island nations are
15、 unable to do anything substantial about the problem of global warming. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(7).Some industrialized countries are unwilling to spend money in reducing pollution. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.三、B第 3部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)Ford1.
16、Fords great strength was the manufacturing processnot invention. Long before he started a car company, he was a worker, known for picking up pieces of metal and wire and turning them into machines. He started putting cars together in 1891, although it was by no means the first popular automobile, th
17、e Model T showed the world just how creative Ford was at combining technology and market.2. The companys assembly line alone threw Americas Industrial Revolution into overdrive(高速运转). Instead of having workers put together the entire car, Fords friends, who were great toolmakers from Scotland, organ
18、ized teams that added parts to each Model T as it moved down a line. By the time Fords Highland Park plant was humming(嗡嗡作响)along in 1914, the worlds first automatic conveyor belt could turn out a car every 93 minutes.3. The same year Henry Ford shocked the world with the $5 a day minimum Wage schem
19、e, the greatest contribution he had ever made. The average Wage in the auto industry then was $2.34 for a 9hour shift. Ford not only doubled that. he also took an hour off the workday. In those years it was unthinkable that a man could be paid that much for doing something that didnt involve an awfu
20、l lot of training or education. The Wall Street Journal called the plan “an economic crime“. and critics everywhere laughed at Ford.4. But as the wage increased later to daily $10, it proved a critical component of Fords dream to make the automobile accessible(可及的)to all the critics were too stupid
21、to understand that because Ford had lowered his costs per car, the higher wages didnt matterexcept for making it possible for more people to buy cars.（分数：8.00）(1).paragraph 1 _. A. Fords Followers B. The Assembly Line C. Fords Great Dream D. The Establishment of the Company E. Fords Biggest Contribu
22、tion F. Fords Great Talent（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).paragraph 2 _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).paragraph 3 _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).paragraph 4 _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).The assembly line made it possible to _. A. criticized by the media B. the low wage in the auto industry C. own a car D. Produce cars in large numbers E
23、. the 8-hour-shift practice F. combined technology and market（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(6).Ford was the first to adopt _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(7).Higher wages enabled many people to _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(8).Fords higher-wage and lower-cost strategy was strongly _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、B第 4部分：阅读理解/B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、B第一篇/B
24、(总题数：1，分数：15.00)The Eyes Adaptation to ColorAs one works with color in a practical or experimental way, one is impressed by two apparently unrelated facts. Color as seen is a mobile changeable thing depending to a large extent on the relationship of the color to other colors seen simultaneously. It
25、is not fixed in its relation to the direct stimulus which creates it. On the other hand, the properties of surfaces that give rise to color do not seem to change greatly under a wide variety of illumination colors, usually (but not always) looking much the same in artificial light as in daylight. Bo
26、th of these effects seem to be due in large part to the mechanism of color adaptation mentioned earlier.When the eye is fixed on a colored area, there is an immediate readjustment of the sensitivity of the eye to color in and around the area viewed. This readjustment does not immediately affect the
27、color seen but usually does affect the next area to which the gaze is shifted. The longer the time of viewing, the higher the intensity, and the larger the area, the greater the effect will be in terms of its persistence in the succeeding viewing situation. As indicated by the work of Wright and Sch
28、outen, it appears that, at least for a first approximation, full adaptation takes place over, a very brief time if the adapting source is moderately bright and the eye has been in relative darkness just previously. As the stimulus is allowed to act, however, the effect becomes more persistent in the
29、 sense that it takes the eye longer to regain its sensitivity to lower intensities. The net result is that, if the eye is so exposed and then the gaze is transferred to an area of lower intensities, the loss of sensitivity produced by the first area will still be present and appear as an “afterimage
30、“ superimposed on the second. The effect not only is present over the actual area causing the “local adaptation“ but also spreads with decreasing strength to adjoining areas of the eye to produce “lateral adaptation“ . Also, because of the persistence of the effect if the eye is shifted around from
31、one object to another, all of which are at similar brightness or have similar colors, the adaptation will tend to become uniform over the whole eye.（分数：15.00）(1).The selection is concerned primarily with _. A. the eyes adaptation to color B. the properties of colored surfaces C. the color of colors
32、D. the effect of changes in color intensity（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Whether a colored object would, no two viewings separated in time, appear to the view as similar or different in color would depend mostly on _. A. the color mechanism of the eye in use at the time of each viewing B. what kind of viewin
33、g had immediately preceded each of the viewings C. the properties of the surface being viewed D. the individuals power of lateral adaptation（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(3).If a persons eye has been looking at an object in bright sunlight for some time, and then shifts to an object not well lit-such as a lawn o
34、r shrub in shadow-we can expect _. A. a time lag in the focusing ability of the eye B. some inability to see colors of the latter-named objects until loss of sensitivity has been regained C. the immediate loss of the “afterimage“ of the first object D. adaptation in the central area of the eye but l
35、ittle adaptation in the lateral areas to the new intensity level（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The present selection has apparently been preceded by some explanation of _. A. some experiments with color pigments B. the nature of color C. the color properties of various surfaces D. the mechanism of the eyes ad
36、aptation to color（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(5).What does “lateral adaptation“ mean? A. Side. B. Subsequent. C. Simultaneous. D. Slow.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.六、B第二篇/B(总题数：1，分数：75.00)Microelectronics RevolutionThe 1980s are likely to be considered as a more than somewhat interesting decade for the United Kingdom and
37、indeed for other industrialized countries. The political, social and economic autonomic reflexes in operation for the greater part of this century will have to give way to the new as conditions change. Paramount amongst these changes is the advent of microelectronics with their ability to increase p
38、roductivity and the end of cheap, easily manipulated sources of energy. Together these will undoubtedly change the pattern of industrialization and industrialized life in a radical manner not seen in the UK since the early 19th century.Most technological changes are somewhat less than fundamental. M
39、any act on an individual process of industry and so their effects on the general economy can be boxed off. Others act on the demand side with new products, often for new markets. Microelectronics, though, are different. It is difficult to think of parts of the economy on which they will not have an
40、impact; it is especially very difficult to think of the many new consumer products that will evolve. It is already being used, in productive processes through robotics, in production planning through cheap computers, as cheap and easy to maintain components, and through telecommunications, teletext
41、systems and word processing to provide, transmit and store information.The resulting large increases in productivity will mean that increased levels of output will be produced using fewer resources of manpower, raw materials and energy. On the face of it this has to be a good thing, it opens vistas
42、that were previously closed. The cost, however, is measured in terms of the resulting job losses, job changes and lack of new jobs. If we sit back and allow the market to work allocating wealth and jobs, in other words continue as we are at present, either the technologies will not be introduced at
43、all or there will be social confrontation on a massive scale.This new technology improves productivity at precisely the time world trade growth is declining, and this is likely to diminish even further given the responses to the shortage of energy sources. This will almost certainly mean that our ab
44、ility to supply will outstrip (超过) our ability to demand, giving a classic high unemployment.（分数：75.00）(1).The most important changes in the 1980s A. are affecting individual industries B. ate not evident in the UK C. concern microelectronics and energy D. are being caused by changes of attitudes（分数
45、：15.00）A.B.C.D.(2).According to the text, developments in technology usually _. A. have far-reaching effects in a wide range of industries B. increase unemployment significantly C. affect only limited areas of the economy D. affect the general economy considerably（分数：15.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The large incr
46、ease in productivity as a result of microelectronics _. A. will help to reduce social inequality B. will mean a corresponding increase in job opportunities C. will have positive and negative consequences D. will create greater prosperity（分数：15.00）A.B.C.D.(4).According to tile writer, what will happe
47、n if we allow market forces alone to allocate wealth and jobs? A. World trade will immediately start to decline. B. The new technological developments may not be brought into the best possible way. C. Resources will be allocated in the best possible way. D. There will be great social advances.（分数：15.00）A.B.C.D.(5).What does “box off“ mean in the second paragraph? A. separate. B. confine. C. put away. D. shut up.（分数：15.00）A.B.C.D.七、B第三篇/B(总题数：1，分数：75.00)Being thin or notNo woman can be too rich or too thin. This saying often attributed to the late D
