1、职称英语理工类 C级-54 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B第 1部分：词汇选项/B(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.I have been trying to Uquit/U smoking. A.give up B.pick up C.build up D.take up（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.Relief workers were Ushocked/U by what they saw. A.moved B.touched C.surprised D.worried（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.The weather is a con
2、stant Usubject/U of conversation in Britain. A.question B.problem C.title D.topic（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.This is not Utypical/U of English, but is a feature of the Chinese language. A.particular B.characteristic C.remarkable D.idiomatic（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.It is Uvirtually/U impossible to persuade him to a
3、pply for the job. A.simply B.almost C.totally D.completely（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.These are defensive behavior patterns which Uderive/U from our fears. A.stem B.rely C.develop D.grow（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.Only a small minority of the mentally ill are Uliable/U to harm themselves or others. A.easy B.possible
4、C.likely D.difficult（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.They have the Ucapability/U to destroy the enemy in a few days. A.possibility B.necessity C.ability D.probability（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.We have never seen such Ugorgeous/U hills. A.beautiful B.stretching C.spreading D.rolling（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.The leaves have been
5、 swept into huge Uheaps/U. A.loads B.layers C.pyramids D.piles（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.The news will Uhorrify/U everyone. A.attract B.terrify C.tempt D.excite（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.The article Usketched/U the major events of the decade. A.described B.offered C.outlined D.presented（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.I wont
6、Utolerate/U this kind of behavior. A.bear B.receive C.admit D.take（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.Their style of playing football is Uutterly/U different, A.barely B.scarcely C.hardly D.totally（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.Her sister Uurged/U her to apply for the job. A.advised B.caused C.forced D.promised（分数：1.00）A.B.C.
7、D.二、B第 2部分：阅读判断/B(总题数：1，分数：7.00)Trees1. Trees are plants that survive year after year and have a single main stem composed entirely of wood. Some kinds grow to only ten feet. Others attain heights of more than 350 feet. These giants also have stems that are as much as 100 feet in circumference (圆周).
8、2. Over 25,000 different species of tree grow around the wood, except near the North and South Poles. They all belong to one of two possible groups. They are either coniferous (松类的) or deciduous (落叶的). Coniferous trees are evergreens (常绿的), such as pine or fir, which bear needlelike foliage (叶子) all
9、 year long. Many deciduous trees have broad leaves, which they usually shed each year at the beginning of the cold season.3. Trees provide people with a host of oils, drugs, glues, candy, cloths, fuels, and well over 10,000 wooden products. Some have unique qualities that make their wood valuable fo
10、r special purposes. One particular type of tree, for example, is used to make fishing rods because it is not strong but unusually flexible. Queensland walnut is used by the electrical industry in Australia, because it is almost as good an electrical insulator as rubber. One of the world most unusual
11、 trees is the teak (柚木). It is one of the heaviest of all woods, and it has the largest leaves of any tree. These enormous leaves are two feet square and their surface is so tough and coarse that cabinetmakers in India use them as sandpaper. Teakwood itself is so heavy that when a teak tree is first
12、 cut down it will not float in water. It takes three years for the ten or fifteen-ton trunk to dry out enough so it will not sink.4. Of all the worlds billions of living trees, the tallest is a giant redwood in California. It towers 368 feet. This redwood tree is anchored and nourished by a massive
13、root system. It extends over three full acres.（分数：7.00）(1).Trees grow every corner of the world. A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The tallest tree in the world is 368 feet in height. A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Teak is the heaviest tree in the world. A.Righ
14、t B.Wrong C.Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Queensland walnut can conduct electricity well. A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Coniferous trees never shed leaves. A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(6).Short trees are often deciduous. A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned（分
15、数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(7).Redwood only grows in California. A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.三、B第 3部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)Screen Test1. Every year millions of women are screened with X-rays to pick up signs of breast cancer. If this happens early enough, the disease can often be treated
16、successfully. According to a survey published last year, 21 countries have screening programmes. Nine of them, including Australia, Canada, the US and Spain, screen women under 50.2. But the medical benefit of screening these younger women are controversial, partly because the radiation brings a sma
17、ll risk of inducing cancer. Also, younger women must be given higher doses of X-rays because their breast tissue is denser.3. Researchers at the Polytechnic University of Valencia analysed the effect of screening more than 160,000 women at 11 local clinics. After estimating the womens cumulative dos
18、e of radiation, they used two models to calculate the number of extra cancers this would cause.4. The mathematical model recommended by Britains National Radiological Protection Board (NRPB) predicted that the screening programme would cause 36 cancers per 100,000 women, 18 of them fatal. The model
19、preferred by the UN Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation led to a lower figure of 20 cancers.5. The researchers argue that the level of radiation-induced cancers is “not very significant“ compared to the far larger number of cancers that are discovered and treated. The Valencia pr
20、ogramme, they say, detects between 300 and 450 cases of breast cancer in every 100,000 women screened.6. But they point out that the risk of women contracting cancer from radiation could be reduced by between 40 and 80 percent if screening began at 50 instead of 45, because they would be exposed to
21、less radiation. The results of their study, they suggest, could help “optimize the technique“ for breast cancer screening.7. “There is a trade-off between the diagnostic benefits of breast screening and its risks,“ admits Michael Clark of the NRPB. But he warns that the study should be interpreted w
22、ith caution. “On the basis of the current data, for every 10 cancers successfully detected and prevented there is a risk of causing one later in life. Thats why radiation exposure should be minimised in any screening programme.“AHarm Screening May Do to a Younger WomanBInvestigating the Effect of Sc
23、reeningCEffects Predicted by Two Different ModelsDSmall Risk of Inducing Cancers from RadiationETreatment of CancersFFactors That Trigger Cancers（分数：8.00）(1).Paragraph 2 _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 3 _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 4 _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 5 _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).Abe co
24、stly Bharmful Csave a life Dstill open to debate Ereduce the risk of radiation triggering a cancer Freduced to the minimum Early discovery of breast cancer may _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(6).Advantages of screening women under 50 are _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(7).Delaying the age at which screening starts may _.（分数：
25、1.00）填空项 1:_(8).Radiation exposure should be _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、B第 4部分：阅读理解/B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、B第一篇/B(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Water ResourceHumanity uses a little less than half the water available worldwide. Yet occurrences of shortages and droughts (干旱) are causing famine and distress in some areas, and in
26、dustrial and agricultural by-products are polluting water supplies. Since the worlds population is expected to double in the next 50 years, many experts think we are on the edge of a widespread water crisis.But that doesnt have to be the outcome. Water shortages do not have to trouble the worldif we
27、 start valuing water more than we have in the past. Just as we began to appreciate petroleum more after the 1970s oil crises, today we must start looking at water from a fresh economic perspective. We can no longer afford to consider water a virtually free resource of which we can use as much as we
28、like in any way we want.Instead, for all uses except the domestic demand of the poor, governments should price water to reflect its actual value. This means charging a fee for the water itself as well as for the supply costs.Governments should also protect this resource by providing water in more ec
29、onomically and environmentally sound ways. For example, often the cheapest way to provide irrigation (灌溉) water in the dry tropics is through small-scale projects, such as gathering rainfall in depressions (凹地) and pumping it to nearby cropland.No matter what steps governments take to provide water
30、more efficiently, they must change their institutional and legal approaches to water use. Rather than spread control among hundreds or even thousands of local and regional agencies that watch various aspects of water use, countries should set up central authorities to coordinate water policy.（分数：15.
31、00）(1).What is the real cause of the potential water crisis? A.Only half of the worlds water can be used. B.The world population is increasing faster and faster. C.Half of the worlds water resources have been seriously polluted. D.Humanity has not placed sufficient value on water resources.（分数：3.00）
32、A.B.C.D.(2).As indicated in the passage, the water problem _. A.is already serious in certain parts of the world B.has been exaggerated by some experts in the field C.poses a challenge to the technology of building reservoirs D.is underestimated by government organizations at different levels（分数：3.0
33、0）A.B.C.D.(3).According to the author, the water price should _. A.be reduced to the minimum B.stimulate domestic demand C.correspond to its real value D.take into account the occurrences of droughts（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The author says that in some hot and dry areas it is advisable to _. A.build big
34、 lakes to store water B.construct big pumping stations C.build small and cheap irrigation systems D.channel water from nearby rivers to cropland（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(5).In order to raise the efficiency of the water supply, measures should be taken to _. A.guarantee full protection of the environment B.c
35、entralize the management of water resources C.increase the sense of responsibility of agencies at all levels D.encourage local and regional control of water resources（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.六、B第二篇/B(总题数：1，分数：15.00)The Appearance of WomanWomen, as all research suggests, are much more critical of their appea
36、rance than menmuch less likely to admire what they see in the mirror. Up to 8 out of 10 women are dissatisfied with their reflection, and more than half may see a distorted image.Men looking in the mirror are more likely to be either pleased with what they see or indifferent. Research shows that men
37、 generally have a much more positive body image than womenif anything, they may tend to over-estimate their attractiveness. Some men looking in the mirror may literally not see the flaws in their appearance.Why are women so much more self-critical than men? Because women are judged on their appearan
38、ce more than men, and standards of female beauty are considerably higher and more inflexible. Women are continually bombarded with images of the “ideal“ face. And constant exposure to idealized images of female beauty on TV, magazines and billboards makes exceptional good looks seem normal and anyth
39、ing short of perfection seem abnormal and ugly. It has been estimated that young women now see more images of outstandingly beautiful women in one day than our mothers saw throughout their entire adolescence.Also, most women trying to achieve the impossible standards of female beauty have in fact be
40、come progressively more unrealistic during the last century. In 1917, the physically perfect woman was about 5 feet 4 inches tall and weighed nearly 10 stone (英石). Even 25 years ago, top models and beauty queens weighed only 8% less than the average women, now they weigh 23% less. The current media
41、ideal for women is achievable by less than 5% of the female populationand thats just in terms of weight and size. If you want the ideal shape, face etc., its probably more like 1%.（分数：15.00）(1).The main purpose of the passage is to _. A.explain a phenomenon B.compare two facts C.make a suggestion D.
42、strengthen a current theory（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The difference between men and women when they look into the mirror is that _. A.women stay longer before the mirror than men B.women feel more comfortable about their appearance than men C.women, more than men, come away from the mirror feeling unsati
43、sfied D.womens looks before the mirror appear more distorted than men（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The phrase “bombarded with“ (Para. 3.) could best be replaced by _. A.denied B.doubtful of C.very proud of D.influenced by（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Which of the following can be inferred about the physically perfect
44、 woman in 1917? A.She was not very much different from the average women. B.She was hardly achievable by the female population. C.She looked into the mirror more often than women today. D.She was regarded perfect only in terms of her face.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Today perfect woman is achievable, in te
45、rms of every physical aspect, by which of the following percentage of the female population? A.23% B.8% C.5% D.1%（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.七、B第三篇/B(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Winged Robot Learns to FlyLearning how to fly took nature millions of years of trial and errorbut a winged robot has cracked it in only a few hour
46、s, using the same evolutionary principles.Krister Wolff and Peter Nordin of Chalmers University of Technology (CUT) in Gothenburg, Sweden, built a winged robot and set about testing whether it could learn to fly by itself, without any pre-programmed data on what flapping is or how to do it.To begin
47、with, the robot just twitched and jerked erratically. But, gradually, it made movements that gained height. At first, it cheatedsimply standing on its wing tips was one early short cut. After three hours, however, the robot abandoned such methods in favor of a more effective flapping technique where it rotated its wings through 90 degrees and raised them before twisting them back to the horizontal and pushing down.“This tells us that this kind of evolution is capable of coming up with flying motion,“ says Peter Bentley, who works on evolutio
