1、职称英语卫生类 B级-63 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.It is obvious that he will win the game.（分数：1.00）A.likelyB.possibleC.clearD.strange2.There is no risk to public health.（分数：1.00）A.pointB.dangerC.chanceD.hope3.Did anyone call me when I was out?（分数：1.00）A.inviteB.nameC.answerD.ph
2、one4.It took us a long time to mend the house.（分数：1.00）A.buildB.destroyC.designD.repair5.I don“t quite follow what she is saying.（分数：1.00）A.believeB.understandC.explainD.accept6.We can no longer put up with his actions.（分数：1.00）A.bearB.acceptC.supportD.oppose7.Loud noises can be irritating .（分数：1.00
3、）A.confusingB.interestingC.stimulatingD.annoying8.That player is eternally arguing with the referee.（分数：1.00）A.desperatelyB.constantlyC.eventuallyD.extensively9.The governor gave a rather vague outline of his tax plan.（分数：1.00）A.unclearB.firmC.shortD.neat10.Gambling is lawful in Nevada.（分数：1.00）A.po
4、pularB.boomingC.legalD.profitable11.These are their motives for doing it.（分数：1.00）A.reasonsB.excusesC.answersD.plans12.The river widens considerably as it begins to turn west.（分数：1.00）A.twistsB.stretchesC.broadensD.bends13.Henry cannot resist the lure of drugs.（分数：1.00）A.abuseB.flavorC.temptationD.c
5、onsumption14.These programmes are of immense value to old people.（分数：1.00）A.naturalB.fatalC.tinyD.enormous15.A great deal has been done to remedy the situation.（分数：1.00）A.maintainB.improveC.assessD.protect二、第 2部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)BreakfastStudies show that children who eat breakfast do better in s
6、chool. It doesn“t take much further thought to believe that adults will feel better and perform better at work as well. Whether you work at home, on the farm, at the office, at school, or on the road, it is not a good idea to skip (故意略去) breakfast. If we don“t eat breakfast, we are likely to become
7、tired when our brains and bodies run low on fuel. By mid-morning, a lot of us grab a cup of coffee, or wolf down a sugary candy bar to wake up again. This might work for a few minutes, but by lunchtime we are hungry, bad-tempered, and perhaps our mood might make us a little more likely to make unhea
8、lthy choices at lunch. Eating a good breakfast sets the tone for the rest of the day. People who eat breakfast are generally more likely to maintain a healthy weight. Many people believe that they will lose weight if they skip meals, but that isn“t a good idea. The body expects to be refueled a few
9、times a day, so start with a healthy breakfast. A healthy breakfast should contain some protein (蛋白质) and some fiber (纤维). Protein can come from meat, eggs, beans, or soy (大豆). Fiber can be found in whole cereals (谷物), grains or in fruits. A good example of a healthy breakfast might be something sim
10、ple like a hard boiled egg, an orange, and a bowl of whole grain cereal with soy milk.（分数：7.00）(1).Adults who eat breakfast will perform better at work.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).It is okay to skip breakfast if you work at home.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).Men are more li
11、kely to skip breakfast than women.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).A person who skips breakfast is more likely to eat unhealthily at lunch.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).Skipping breakfast is a good strategy for losing weight.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).A simple bre
12、akfast cannot be a healthy breakfast.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).People who eat breakfast are seldom in a bad mood.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第 3部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)The Drink Your Body Needs Most1. Our bodies are estimated to be about 60 to 70% water. Blood is mostl
13、y water, and our muscles, lungs, and brain all contain a lot of water. Water is needed to regulate body temperature and to provide the means for nutrients (滋养物) to travel to all our organs. Water also transports oxygen to our cells, removes waste, and protects our joints and organs. 2. We lose water
14、 through urination (排尿), respiration (呼吸), and by sweating. If you are very active, you lose more water than if you do not take much exercise. Symptoms of mild dehydration (脱水) include chronic pains in joints and muscles, lower back pain, headaches, and constipation (便秘). A strong smell to your urin
15、e, along with a yellow color indicates that you are not getting enough water. Thirst is an obvious sign of dehydration and in fact, you need water long before you feel thirsty. 3. A good rule of thumb (好的做法) is to take your body weight in pounds and divide that number in half. That gives you the num
16、ber of ounces (盎司) of water per day that you need. For example, if you weigh 160 pounds, you should drink at least 80 ounces of water per day. If you exercise you should drink another 8-ounce glass of water for every 20 minutes you are active. If you drink coffee or alcohol, you should add at least
17、an equal amount of water. When you are traveling on an airplane, it is good to have 8 ounces of water for every hour you are on board the plane. 4. It may be difficult to drink enough water on a busy day. Be sure you have water handy at all times by keeping a bottle for water with you when you are w
18、orking, traveling, or exercising. If you get bored with plain water, add a bit of lemon for a touch of flavor. There are some brands of flavored water available, but some of them have sugar or artificial sweeteners that you don“t need.（分数：8.00）(1).Paragraph 1 1 A. Ounces of water needed per day B. I
19、mportance of water C. Composition of water D. Signs of dehydration E. Supply of water F. Necessity for bringing a bottle for water with you（分数：1.00）(2).Paragraph 2 1（分数：1.00）(3).Paragraph 3 1（分数：1.00）(4).Paragraph 4 1（分数：1.00）(5).One cannot live 1. A. in your body B. without water C. before long D.
20、for a change E. on a busy day F. to your weight（分数：1.00）(6).Dehydration may occur if there is a shortage of water 1.（分数：1.00）(7).The amount of water your body needs per day is closely related 1.（分数：1.00）(8).Don“t forget to drink enough water even 1.（分数：1.00）四、第 4部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：
21、15.00)Exercise Lowers Employers“ Health CostsCompanies can save millions in health-care costs simply by encouraging their employees to exercise a little bit, researchers reported on Friday. They said obese (肥胖的) employees had higher health-care costs, but lowered those expenses by exercising just a
22、couple of times a week without even losing any weight. Feifei Wang and colleagues at the University of Michigan studied 23,500 workers at General Motors. They estimated that getting the most sedentary (惯于久坐的) obese workers to exercise would have saved about $790,000 a year, or about 1.5 percent of h
23、ealth-care costs for the whole group. Company-wide, the potential savings could reach $7.1 million per year, they reported in the Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. Of the whole group of workers, about 30 percent were of normal weight, 45 percent were overweight (超重的), and 25 percen
24、t were obese. Annual health-care costs averaged $2,200 for normal weight, $2,400 for the overweight, and $2,700 for obese employees. But among workers who did no exercise, health-care costs went up by at least $100 a year, and were $3,000 a year for obese employees who were sedentary. But adding two
25、 or more days of light exercise at least 20 minutes of exercise or work hard enough to increase heart rate and breathing lowered costs by on average $500 per employee a year, the researchers found. “This indicates that physical activity behavior could reduce at least some of the harmful effects of e
26、xcess body fat, and in consequence, help lower the health-care costs,“ Wang and colleagues wrote.（分数：15.00）(1).How can employees help lower the health-care costs?（分数：3.00）A.By taking more rest.B.By eating less.C.By exercising a little bit.D.By saving more money.(2).By encouraging its employees to ex
27、ercise General Motors could save _.（分数：3.00）A.$790,000 per yearB.$7.1 million per yearC.$3,000 per yearD.$7,300 per year(3).How many workers in General Motors were NOT of normal weight?（分数：3.00）A.Seventy percent.B.Thirty percent.C.Forty-five percent.D.Twenty-five percent.(4).For which group of the w
28、orkers were the health-care costs the highest?（分数：3.00）A.The employees of normal weight.B.The overweight employees.C.The obese employees.D.The sedentary obese employees.(5).How often should the employees exercise to help lower the health-care costs?（分数：3.00）A.At least seven days a week.B.At least tw
29、enty minutes a week.C.At least twice a week.D.At least once a week.六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Medical EducationIn 18th-century colonial America, those who wanted to become physicians either learned as personal students from established professionals or went abroad to study in the traditional schools of Lo
30、ndon, Paris, and Edinburgh. Medicine was first taught formally by specialists at the University of Pennsylvania, beginning in 1765, and in 1767 at King“s College (now Columbia University), the first institution in the colonies to give the degree of doctor of medicine. Following the American Revoluti
31、on, the Columbia medical faculty (formerly of King“s College) was combined with the College of Physicians and Surgeons, chartered in 1809, which survives as a division of Columbia University. In 1893 the Johns Hopkins Medical School required all applicants to have a college degree and was the first
32、to afford its students the opportunity to further their training in an attached teaching hospital. The growth of medical schools attached with established institutions of learning went together with the development of proprietary (私营的) schools of medicine run for personal profit, most of which had l
33、ow standards and poor facilities. In 1910 Abraham Flexner, the American education reformer, wrote Medical Education in the United States and Canada, exposing the poor conditions of most proprietary schools. Subsequently, the American Medical Association (AMA) and the Association of American Medical
34、Colleges (AAMC) laid down standards for course content, qualifications of teachers, laboratory facilities, connection with teaching hospitals, and licensing of medical practitioners (开业医师) that survive to this day. By the late 1980s the U. S. and Canada had 142 4-year medical colleges recognized by
35、the Liaison (联络) Committee on Medical Education to offer the M. D. degree; during the 1987-1988 academic year, 47,262 men and 25,686 women entered these colleges and an estimated 11,752men and 5,958 women were graduated. Graduates, after a year of internship (实习期), receive licenses to practice if th
36、ey pass an examination given either by a state board or by the National Board of Medical Examiners.（分数：15.00）(1).In 18th-century America, higher institutions of learning that taught medicine _.（分数：3.00）A.did not existB.were few in numberC.were better than those in EuropeD.were known for their teachi
37、ng hospitals(2).Initially most proprietary schools of medicine in America _.（分数：3.00）A.had established professionalsB.had good facilitiesC.had high standardsD.were in poor conditions(3).The AMA and AAMC established standards so as to _.（分数：3.00）A.recruit more studentsB.set up more schools of medicin
38、eC.ensure the quality of medical teaching and practiceD.prevent medical schools from making huge profits(4).After a year of internship medical graduates can start to practice _.（分数：3.00）A.if they have worked in a laboratoryB.if they have studied abroad for some timeC.if they have obtained an M. D. d
39、egreeD.if they have passed an examination(5).This passage is mainly about _.（分数：3.00）A.how medicine is taught in AmericaB.how medical education has developed in AmericaC.how the American educational system worksD.how one can become a good doctor七、第三篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)More Than a Ride to SchoolThe Nati
40、onal Education Association claims, “The school bus is a mirror of the community.“ They further add that, unfortunately, what appears on the exterior does not always reflect the reality of a chosen community. They are right-sometimes it reflects more! Just ask Liesl Denson. Riding the school bus has
41、been more than a ride to school for Liesl. Bruce Hardy, school bus driver for Althouse Bus Company has been Liesl“s bus driver since kindergarten. Last year when Liesl“s family moved to Parkesburg, knowing her bus went by her new residence, she requested to ride the same bus. This year Liesl is a se
42、nior and will enjoy her last year riding the bus. She says, “It“s been a great ride so far! My bus driver is so cool and has always been a good friend and a good listener. Sometimes when you“re a child adults do not think that what you have to say is important. Mr. Hardy always listens to what you h
43、ave to say and makes you feel important.“ Her friends Ashley Batista and Amanda Wolfe agree. Bruce Hardy has been making Octorara students feel special since 1975. This year he will celebrate 30 years working for Althouse Bus Company. Larry Althouse, president of the company, acknowledges Bruce Hard
44、y“s outstanding record: “You do not come by employees like Bruce these days. He has never missed a day of work and has a perfect driving record. He was recognized in 2000 by the Pennsylvania School Bus Association for driving 350,000 accident free miles. Hardy“s reputation is made further evident th
45、rough the relationships he has made with the students that ride his bus.“ Althouse further adds, “Althouse Bus Company was established 70 years ago and has been providing quality transportation ever since. My grandfather started the business with one bus. Althouse Bus Company is delighted to have th
46、e opportunity to bring distinctive and safe service to our local school and community and looks forward to continuing to provide quality service for many more years to come.“ Three generations of business is not all the company has enjoyed. Thanks to drivers like Bruce Hardy, they have been building
47、 relationships through generations. Liesl“s mother Carol also enjoys fond memories of riding Bruce Hardy“s bus to the Octorara School District.（分数：15.00）(1).The word “mirror“ in the first line could be best replaced by _.（分数：3.00）A.“vehicle“B.“device“C.“need“D.“reflection“(2).Bruce Hardy has been wo
48、rking with Althouse Bus Company _.（分数：3.00）A.for 30 yearsB.for 70 yearsC.since last yearD.since 2000(3).Which of the following statements is NOT true of Bruce Hardy?（分数：3.00）A.He is popular with his passengers.B.He has never missed a day of work.C.He is an impatient person.D.He has driven 350,000 ac
49、cident free miles.(4).Althouse Bus Company was founded by _.（分数：3.00）A.Larry AlthouseB.Althouse“s grandfatherC.Liesl“s motherD.Ashley Batista(5).Althouse Bus Company pays much attention to _.（分数：3.00）A.employing young driversB.running quality schoolsC.providing free driving lessonsD.building sound relationships八、第 5部分：补全对话(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Every Dog Has Its SayKimiko Fukuda, a Japanese girl, always wondered what her dog was trying to say. Whenever she put on makeup, it would pull at her sleeve. 1 When the dog barks, she glances at a small e
