1、职称英语卫生类 B级-67 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.I won“t tolerate that kind of behavior.（分数：1.00）A.bearB.receiveC.admitD.take2.This is not typical of English, but is a feature of the Chinese language.（分数：1.00）A.particularB.characteristicC.remarkableD.idiomatic3.The government
2、is debating the education laws.（分数：1.00）A.discussingB.defeatingC.delayingD.declining4.The room was furnished with the simplest essentials, a bed, a chair, and a table.（分数：1.00）A.madeB.graspedC.gatheredD.supplied5.Doctors are required to keep patients“ records completely confidential .（分数：1.00）A.deta
3、iledB.accurateC.confidentD.secret6.Recent pressure at work may account for his behavior.（分数：1.00）A.explainB.changeC.influenceD.embody7.I perceived a note of unhappiness in her voice.（分数：1.00）A.conceivedB.deceivedC.sensedD.took8.Blend the sugar, eggs, and flour.（分数：1.00）A.stirB.mixC.matchD.prepare9.A
4、bout one million Americans are diagnosed annually with skin cancer.（分数：1.00）A.every yearB.severelyC.activelyD.every month10.Police have ruled out robbery as a motive for the murder.（分数：1.00）A.stimuliB.targetC.monotonousD.lengthy11.His quest for eternal youth failed in the end.（分数：1.00）A.everlastingB
5、.longC.monotonousD.lengthy12.“I think you“ve made a mistake,“ he said mildly .（分数：1.00）A.gentlyB.shylyC.weaklyD.sweetly13.Birds are abundant in the tall vegetation.（分数：1.00）A.meagerB.extraC.plentifulD.steady14.He was acquitted on charges of assault with a deadly weapon.（分数：1.00）A.worryingB.fatalC.se
6、riousD.contagious15.The leaves have been swept into huge heaps .（分数：1.00）A.loadsB.layersC.pyramidsD.piles二、第 2部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)Looking to help the environment? Consider the following simple ideas. Turn off electrical devices when they“re not being used. Turning off, rather than leaving on stand
7、-by, things like your TV and computer will save huge amounts of energy. With this, we can all help reduce the amount of carbon dioxide emitted into the earth“s atmosphere, thereby reducing pollution and global warming. Share your car. Rather than traveling to work alone, why not arrange ear-sharing
8、with one or more of your friends or colleagues? To give you an example, if you drive a fashionable car, you will use more energy in a year than you would leaving your fridge open for seven years, or your TV on for thirty-two years! Imagine the savings if you shared your ear with 2, 3 or even 4 other
9、 people! Refuse junk mail. While we all complain about how much junk mail we get, we very rarely do anything about it. The mail continues to go straight from our letter-boxes into the garbage binwith 99% of it not even opened. What can you do about this? There are various websites where you can regi
10、ster to receive no junk mail. As well as saving time, you“ll also be doing a lot for the environment. Each year, 100 million trees are used to produce junk mail. 250,000 homes could be heated with one day“s supply of junk mail. There are many other everyday changes you can make to help the environme
11、nt. They will cost you nothing, and many will actually save you money! Why not give it a try? We can all help, if we really want to.（分数：7.00）(1).By turning off a TV or computer that“s not being used, you will save a lot of energy.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).Compared with fridge and TV,
12、 driving a ear wastes a lot of energy.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).We shouldn“t buy a ear since it wastes so much energy.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).99% junk mail is thrown into the garbage bin without being opened.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).The only drawbac
13、k of junk mail is that it wastes out time.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).You have to spend a lot of money to protect our environment.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).Even if we want to make some changes to help the environment, we can do nothing.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not menti
14、oned三、第 3部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)Pregnant Women Warned About ACE InhibitorSome of the most commonly used medicines for high blood pressure are drugs called ACE inhibitors. Doctors have given these drugs to patients for twenty-five years. A government study in the United States found that the use
15、almost doubled between 1995 and 2000. Doctors have known for years that women should not take ACE inhibitors during the last six months of pregnancy. The medicine can injure the baby. ACE inhibitors, though, have been considered safe when taken during the first three months. But a new study has foun
16、d that women who take these drugs early in their pregnancy still increase the risk of birth disorders. The study shows that, compared to others, their babies were almost three times as likely to be born with major problems. These included problems with the formation of the brain and nervous system a
17、nd holes in the heart. The researchers say they found no increased risk in women who took other blood pressure medicines during the first three months. Researchers at Vanderbilt University in Tennessee and Boston University did the study. The New England Journal of Medicine published the results. Th
18、e researchers studied the records of almost thirty thousand births between 1985 and 2000. Two hundred nine babies were born to women who took ACE inhibitors during the first three months of their pregnancies. Eighteen of the babies, or almost nine percent, had major disorders. ACE inhibitors are oft
19、en given to patients with diabetes. But diabetes during pregnancy can result in birth defects. So the study did not include any women known to be diabetic. ACE inhibitors suppress a protein called angiotensin-converting enzyme or ACE. This enzyme produces a chemical in the body that makes blood pass
20、ages narrow. The drugs increase the flow of blood so pressure is reduced. New drugs are tested on pregnant animals to see if they might cause birth defects in humans. But experts say these tests are not always dependable. The United States Food and Drug Administration helped pay for the study. The F
21、. D. A. says women who might become pregnant should talk with their doctor about other ways to treat high blood pressure.（分数：8.00）(1).Paragraph 2 1 A. Effects of ACE and ACE Inhibitors B. Wide Use of ACE Inhibitors C. How to Deal with High Blood Pressure in Pregnant Women D. Damage to Pregnant Women
22、“s Future Babies E. Suggestions on Stopping the Use of ACE Inhibitors F. Relative Safety for Women During the First Three Months of Pregnancies（分数：1.00）(2).Paragraph 3 1（分数：1.00）(3).Paragraph 4 1（分数：1.00）(4).Paragraph 5 1（分数：1.00）(5).FDA suggests that pregnant women with high blood pressure should c
23、onsult 1. A. that may cause our blood vessels to become more and more narrow B. for pregnant women to take during their last six months of pregnancies C. that their likelihood to suffer major problems is two times higher than other babies D. with their doctors about how to treat their problems E. be
24、cause diabetes during pregnancy may sometimes lead to birth defects F. though their mothers took ACE inhibitors during their first three months of pregnancies（分数：1.00）(6).ACE inhibitors are not recommended 1.（分数：1.00）(7).Evidence showed only a small percentage of babies suffered major disorders 1.（分
25、数：1.00）(8).ACE is a risk factor to our body 1.（分数：1.00）四、第 4部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)According to the most recent research on parenting, caretakers tend to use three strategies for disciplining children. Power includes the use of physical punishment such as spanking or the threat o
26、f physical punishment, but parents can also demonstrate power by taking away a privilege such as using the ear, attending a sporting event, or in the case of a very young child, playing with a favorite toy. In spite of the fact that power strategies, especially severe physical punishment, can cause
27、children to fear or even hate parents, it“s surprising that power remains the strategy used most often in disciplining children. It“s also worth noting that children who are harshly disciplined in this way tend to be hostile, defiant, and aggressive socially. Second in popularity after power is the
28、withholding of affection. This can take the form of refusal to communicate with a child, threatening to abandon or reject the child, or otherwise treating children as though they were unworthy of love. Interesting enough, children disciplined in this way appear on the surface to be very self-discipl
29、ined, even model children who are seldom in trouble, but underneath, these same children are generally very nervous, insecure and dependent others to approve of and guide their evaluation of behavior. Finally, management techniques are employed for discipline. These begin with a set of rules that ar
30、e clearly expressed at an age-appropriate level. To enforce the rules, parents use a combination of praise and approval with explanation and reasoning, always referring back to the rules. But regardless of the strategy, the behavior that has precipitated punishment should be clearly understood, and
31、the consequences should be consistent. Key to any kind of discipline is a pattern of consistency so that children understand the relationship between the rules, their behavior, and the consequences.（分数：15.00）(1).According to the passage, parents generally use the following strategies to discipline t
32、heir children except _.（分数：3.00）A.power strategiesB.withholding of affectionC.praiseD.management techniques(2).The most often used strategy in disciplining children is _.（分数：3.00）A.power strategiesB.withholding of affectionC.praiseD.management techniques(3).Which of the following statements is NOT t
33、rue?（分数：3.00）A.Power strategies are used by a lot of parents because it“s very effective way to discipline children.B.Some children may appear to be very self-disciplined but actually very nervous and insecure.C.Consistency is very important to any kind of discipline.D.The rules parents set for thei
34、r children should be age-appropriate.(4).Which of the following expression has the same meaning as the italicized word in line 3 “privilege“ in Para. 2?（分数：3.00）A.School work.B.Fun time.C.A special advantage.D.Pocket money.(5).Which is the best title for the passage?（分数：3.00）A.Parent-Child Relations
35、hip.B.Strategies to Discipline Children.C.Children“s Psychology.D.How to be a Good Parent.六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)IQ-geneIn the angry debate over how much of IQ comes from the genes that children inherit from parents and how much comes from experiences, one little fact gets overlooked: no one has ident
36、ified any genes (other than those that cause retardation) that affect intelligence. So researchers led by Robert Plomin of London“s Institute of Psychiatry decided to look for some. They figured that if you want to find a “smart gene,“ you should look in smart kids. They therefore examined the DNA o
37、f students like those who are so bright that they take college entrance exams four years earlyand still score at Princeton-caliber levels. The scientists found what they sought. “We have,“ says Plomin, “the first specific gene ever associated with general intelligence.“ Plomin“s colleagues drew bloo
38、d from two groups of 51 children each, all 6 to 15 years old and living in six counties around Cleveland. In one group, the average IQ is 103. All the children are white. Isolating the blood cells, the researchers then examined each child“s chromosome 6. Of the 37 landmarks on chromosome 6 that the
39、researchers looked for, one jumped out: a form of gene called IGF2R occurred in twice as many children in the high-IQ group as in the average group32 percent versus 16 percent. The study, in the May issue of the journal Psychological Science , concludes that it is this form of the IGF2R gene that co
40、ntributes to intelligence. Some geneticists see major problems with the IQ-gene study. One is the possibility that Plomin“s group fell for “chopsticks fallacy“. Geneticists might think they“ve found a gene for chopsticks flexibility, but all they“ve really found is a gene more common in Asians than,
41、 say, Africans. Similarly, Plomin“s IQ gene might simply be one that is more common in groups that emphasize academic achievement. “What is the gene that they“ve found reflects ethnicity? “asks geneticist Andrew Feinberg of Johns Hopkins University. “ That alone might explain the link to intelligenc
42、e, since IQ tests are known for being culturally sensitive and affected by a child“s environment.“ And Neil Risch of Standford University points out that if you look for 37 genes on a chromosome, as the researchers did, and find that one is more common in smarter kids, that might reflect pure chance
43、 rather than a causal link between the gene and intelligence. Warns Feinberg: “I would take these findings with a whole box of salt.“（分数：15.00）(1).In the beginning of paragraph one we are told that scientists can not agree _.（分数：3.00）A.how many children learn by experienceB.how much of IQ comes from
44、 genesC.how many children inherit genes from parentsD.how much of IQ comes from intelligence(2).What does “some “in the second sentence of paragraph one stands for?（分数：3.00）A.Parents.B.Children.C.Experiences.D.Genes.(3).A gene for chopsticks flexibility is found to be _.（分数：3.00）A.unrelated to the a
45、bility to use chopsticksB.related to the ability to use chopsticksC.unrelated to the ability to use forksD.related to the ability to use forks(4).Plomin“s IQ-gene study is similar to the chopsticks gene finding in that _.（分数：3.00）A.there may not be a causal link between gene and intelligenceB.there
46、is a close correlation between gene and intelligenceC.there may be a close relation between chopsticks flexibility and children“s academic scoreD.there is not a close relation between chopsticks flexibility and children“s academic score(5).What does Feinberg mean by saying “I would take these findin
47、gs with a whole box of salt“?（分数：3.00）A.He doubts the findings very much.B.He would consider them while shopping for salt.C.He definitely believes the findings.D.He would consider them while eating his meals.七、第三篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)College Night Owls Have Lower GradesCollege students who are morning pe
48、ople tend to get better grades than those who are night owls (晚睡的人), according to University of North Texas researchers. They had 824 undergraduate (大学本科生的) students complete a health survey that included questions about sleep habits and daytime functioning, and found that students who are morning p
49、eople had higher grade point averages (GPAs) than those who are night people. “The finding that college students who are evening types have lower GPAs is a very important finding, sure to make its way into undergraduate psychology texts in the near future, along with the research showing that memory is improved by sleep,“ study co-author Daniel J. Taylor said in a prepared statement. “Further, these results suggest that it might be possible to improve academic performance by using chronotherapy (时间疗法)to help students retrain their biological clock to become more mor
