1、职称英语卫生类 B 级-70 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1 部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.But in the end he approved of our proposal.（分数：1.00）A.undoubtedlyB.certainlyC.ultimatelyD.necessarily2.For young children, getting dressed is a complicated business.（分数：1.00）A.strangeB.complexC.personalD.funny3.In Britain and
2、many other countries appraisal is now a tool of management.（分数：1.00）A.evaluationB.efficiencyC.productionD.publicity4.These are their motives for doing it.（分数：1.00）A.reasonsB.excusesC.answersD.plans5.The river widens considerably as it begins to turn west.（分数：1.00）A.twistsB.stretchesC.broadensD.bends
3、6.She exhibited great powers of endurance during the climb.（分数：1.00）A.playB.sendC.showD.tell7.The eternal motion of the stars fascinated him.（分数：1.00）A.longB.never-endingC.boringD.extensive8.She could not answer, it was an immense load off her heart.（分数：1.00）A.naturalB.fatalC.tinyD.enormous9.The boo
4、k made a great impact on its readers.（分数：1.00）A.forceB.influenceC.surpriseD.power10.Accompanied by cheerful music, we began to dance.（分数：1.00）A.pleasantB.colorfulC.fashionableD.different11.You look smart in the new suit.（分数：1.00）A.cleverB.handsomeC.loyalD.brave12.He hasn“t the funds to carry out his
5、 design.（分数：1.00）A.makeB.keepC.changeD.implement13.I was astonished at the news of his escape.（分数：1.00）A.amusedB.amountedC.amazedD.approached14.It“s almost 5 o“clock, time to quit .（分数：1.00）A.increaseB.stopC.continueD.keep15.Do you follow what I am saying?（分数：1.00）A.changeB.investigateC.writeD.under
6、stand二、第 2 部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)Continuing Medical EducationThere is increasing recognition of the need for health workers to continue their education throughout their careers. Not only do health workers themselves wish to improve their own skills and competence, but the introduction of new techniq
7、ues and equipment and the changes taking place in health needs and health care policies necessitate continued training. The phrase “health care“ is intended to mean not just curative treatment for the sick but the whole range of provision for promoting health and preventing disease. In virtually eve
8、ry situation some response to this need has been made, so continuing education does take placeeven though it may in many instances be ineffective or insufficient. Continuing education may be initiated by the health workers themselves, by their supervisors, by the managers of the health system, or by
9、 other agencies such as professional associations, publishers, and drug companies. The form of the continuing education may be written materials (journals, books, advertisements), meetings, courses, supervisory visits, or a variety of other methods. With this diversity of approach it is not surprisi
10、ng that the effectiveness of the continuing education should be variable. So it is natural that in many countries there is a concern that more continuing education should be provided and that it should be more effective. The approach suggested that to achieve this aim is to develop a “system“ of con
11、tinuing education. This term needs some explanation as it is capable of being interpreted in many ways. A system is not the same thing as an organization that provides continuing education. It is much more than that. It is the sum of the educational activities, the organizational structure that supp
12、orts and manages those activities, the management, and the external agencies involved in the provision of health care. The system should comprise a nationwide coordinated program in which technology and resources are optimally used.（分数：7.00）(1).Health workers themselves are aware of the importance o
13、f continued training.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).Health needs and health care policies always remain constant.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).The phrase “health care“ means more than curative treatment for the sick.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).Continuing medical
14、education is particularly ineffective in developing countries.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).Written materials constitute the best form of continuing medical education.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).More effective continuing medical education is called for in many countries.（分数
15、：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).A “system“ of continuing education functions in the same way as an organization that provides continuing education.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)How to Argue with Your Boss1. Before you argue with your boss, check with t
16、he boss“s secretary to determine his mood. If he ate nails for breakfast, it is not a good idea to ask him for something. Even without the boss“s secretary, there are keys to timing: don“t approach the boss when he“s on deadline; don“t go in right before lunch, when he is apt to be distracted and ru
17、shed; don“t go in just before or after he has taken a vacation. 2. If you“re mad, that will only make your boss mad. Calm down first. And don“t let a particular concern open the floodgates for all your accumulated frustration. The boss will feel that you think negatively about the company and it is
18、hopeless trying to change your mind. Then, maybe he will dismiss you. 3. Terrible disputes can result when neither the employer nor the employee knows what is the problem the other wants to discuss. Sometimes the fight will go away when the issues are made clear. The employee has to get his point ac
19、ross clearly in order to make the boss understand it. 4. Your boss has enough on his mind without your adding more. If you can“t put forward an immediate solution, at least suggest how to approach the problem. People who frequently present problems without solutions to their bosses may soon find the
20、y can“t get past the secretary. 5. To deal effectively with a boss, it“s important to consider his goals and pressures. If you can put yourself in the position of being a partner to the boss, then he will be naturally more inclined to work you to achieve your goals.（分数：8.00）(1).Paragraph 2 1 A. Keep
21、 Your Voice Low All the Time B. Put Yourself in the Boss“s Position C. Propose Your Solution D. Don“t Go in When You are Angry E. Make the Issue Clear F. Never Give in（分数：1.00）(2).Paragraph 3 1（分数：1.00）(3).Paragraph 4 1（分数：1.00）(4).Paragraph 5 1（分数：1.00）(5).If you want to ask the boss for anything,
22、it is important to find out first 1. A. to give the boss your advice B. how he is feeling C. the boss may have D. what you really want to talk to him about E. without suggesting a way to solve it F. how unhappy you are（分数：1.00）(6).It is necessary to make clear to the boss 1.（分数：1.00）(7).It is not wi
23、se to present the boss with a problem 1.（分数：1.00）(8).You must be considerate and think of the troubles 1.（分数：1.00）四、第 4 部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Sleep Lets Brain File MemoriesTo sleep. Perchance to file? Findings published online this week by the Proceedings of the National Academy
24、 of Sciences further support the theory that the brain organizes and stows memories formed during the day while the rest of the body is catching zzz“s. Gyorgy Buzsaki of Rutgers University and his colleagues analyzed the brain waves of sleeping rats and mice. Specifically, they examined the electric
25、al activity emanating from the somatosensory neocortex (an area that processes sensory information) and the hippocampus, which is a center for learning and memory. The scientists found that oscillations in brain waves from the two regions appear to be intertwined. So-called sleep spindles (bursts of
26、 activity from the neocortex) were followed tens of milliseconds later by beats in the hippocampus known as ripples. The team posits that this interplay between the two brain regions is a key step in memory consolidation. A second study, also published online this week by the Proceedings of the Nati
27、onal Academy of Sciences, links age-associated memory decline to high glucose levels. Previous research had shown that individuals with diabetes suffer from increased memory problems. In the new work, Antonio Convit of New York University School of Medicine and his collaborators studied 30 people wh
28、ose average age was 69 to investigate whether sugar levels, which tend to increase with age, affect memory in healthy people as well. The scientists administered recall tests, brain scans and glucose tolerance tests, which measure how quickly sugar is absorbed from the blood by the body“s tissues. S
29、ubjects with the poorest memory recollection, the team discovered, also displayed the poorest glucose tolerance. In addition, their brain scans showed more hippocampus shrinkage than those of subjects better able to absorb blood sugar. “Our study suggests that this impairment may contribute to the m
30、emory deficits that occur as people age.“ Convit says. “And it raises the intriguing possibility that improving glucose tolerance could reverse some age-associated problems in cognition.“ Exercise and weight control can help keep glucose levels in check, so there may be one more reason to go to the
31、gym.（分数：15.00）(1).Which of the following statements is nearest in meaning to the sentence “To sleep. Perchance to file?“?（分数：3.00）A.Does brain remember files after one falls asleep?B.Does brain arrange memories in useful order during sleep?C.Does brain have memories when one is sleeping?D.Does brain
32、 work on files in sleep?(2).What is the result of the experiment with rats and mice carried out at Rutgers University?（分数：3.00）A.Somatosensory neocortex and hippocampus work together in memory consolidation.B.Somatosensory neocortex plays it primary role in memory consolidation.C.The electrical acti
33、vity is emanating from the somatosensory neocortex.D.Oscillations in brain waves are from hippocampus.(3).What is the relation of memory to glucose tolerance, as is indicated by a research mentioned in paragraph 3?（分数：3.00）A.People with good memory have low glucose tolerance.B.People with poor memor
34、y have high glucose tolerance.C.Memory level has nothing to do with glucose tolerance.D.The poorer the memory, the poorer glucose tolerance.(4).In what way is memory related to hippocampus shrinkage?（分数：3.00）A.The less hippocampus shrinks, the poorer one“s memory.B.There is no relation between memor
35、y and hippocampus shrinkage.C.The more hippocampus shrinks, the better one“s memory.D.The more hippocampus shrinks, the poorer one“s memory.(5).According to the last paragraph, what is the ultimate reason for going to the gym?（分数：3.00）A.To control glucose levels.B.To exercise.C.To control weight.D.T
36、o prevent hippocampus shrinkage.六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)U.S. to Start $3.2 Billion Child Health Study in JanuaryA study that will cost $3.2 billion and last more than two decades to track the health of 100,000 U.S. children from before birth to age 21 will be launched in January, U.S. health officials
37、said on Friday. Officials from the U.S. government“s National Institutes of Health said they hope the study, to be conducted at 105 locations throughout the United States, can help identify early-life influences that affect later development, with the goal of learning new ways to treat or prevent il
38、lness. The study will examine hereditary and environmental factors such as exposure to certain chemicals that affect health. Researchers will collect genetic and biological samples from people in the study as well as samples from the homes of the women and their babies including air, water, dust and
39、 materials used to construct their residences, the NIH said. Officials said more than $200 million has been spent already and the study is projected to cost $3.2 billion. “We anticipate that in the long term, what we learn from the study will result in a significant savings in the nation“s health ca
40、re costs,“ Dr. Duane Alexander, who heads the NIH“s Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, told reporters. The study will begin in January when the University of North Carolina and the Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York start signing up pregnant wome
41、n whose babies will then be followed to age 21. Some of the early findings will be about factors behind pre-term birth, which has become more common in recent years, according to Dr. Peter Scheidt of the NIH, who heads the study. The people taking part will be from rural, urban and suburban areas, f
42、rom all income and educational levels and from all racial groups, the NIH said.（分数：15.00）(1).The aim of the study is to find new ways to _.（分数：3.00）A.conduct researchB.track public healthC.prevent or treat illnessD.speed up development(2).Researchers will collect all the following EXCEPT _.（分数：3.00）
43、A.genetic samples from people in the studyB.biological samples from people in the studyC.samples from the homes of the women and their babiesD.samples of air and water from hospitals(3).It is expected that through the study the nation“s health care costs _.（分数：3.00）A.will be lowered in the long runB
44、.will be significantly increasedC.will be more than $200 millionD.will reach $3.2 billion(4).The babies of the participants will be followed _.（分数：3.00）A.throughout their livesB.for more than two decadesC.from birth to 21 monthsD.until they get married(5).Which is NOT true of the people in the study
45、?（分数：3.00）A.They“ll be from various areas.B.They“ll be from all income levels.C.They“ll be from all educational levels.D.They“ll be from all age groups.七、第三篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Some Things We Know about LanguageMany things about language are a mystery, and many will always remain so. But some things we
46、do know. First, we know that all human beings have a language of some sort. There is no race of men anywhere on earth so backward that it has no language, no set of speech sounds by which the people communicate with one mother. Furthermore, in historical times, there has never been a race of men wit
47、hout a language. Second, there is no such thing as a primitive language. There are many people whose cultures are undeveloped, who are, as we say, uncivilized, but the languages they speak are not primitive. In all known languages we can see complexities that must have been tens of thousands of year
48、s in developing. This has not always been well understood; indeed, the direct contrary has often been stated. Popular ideas of the language of the American Indians will illustrate. Many people have supposed that the Indians communicated in a very primitive system of noises. Study has proved this to
49、be nonsense. There are, or were, hundreds of American Indian languages, and all of them turn out to be very complicated and very old. They are certainly different from the languages that most of us are familiar with, but they are no more primitive five than English and Greek. A third thing we know about language is that all languages are perfectly adequate. That is, each one is a perfect means of expressing the culture of the people who speak the language. Finally, we know that language changes. It is natural and normal for language to change; the only languages which do n
