1、职称英语卫生类 B 级真题 2014 年及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：120 分钟)一、第一部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.London quickly became a flourishing port. （分数：1.00）A.majorB.largeC.successfulD.commercial2.It was a magic night unitil the spell was broken. （分数：1.00）A.charmB.timeC.spaceD.opportunity3.They are trying to identify what is w
2、rong with the present system. （分数：1.00）A.proveB.discoverC.considerD.imagine4.The committee was asked to render a report on the housing situation. （分数：1.00）A.copyB.publishC.summarizeD.furnish5.Afterwards there was just a feeling of let-down.（分数：1.00）A.excitementB.angerC.calmD.disappointment6.His stom
3、ach felt hollow with fear. （分数：1.00）A.sincereB.respectfulC.emptyD.terrible7.His knowledge of French is fair. （分数：1.00）A.very usefulB.very limitedC.quite goodD.rather special8.The curriculum was too narrow and too rigid. （分数：1.00）A.inflexibleB.hiddenC.traditionalD.official9.Several windows had been s
4、mashed. （分数：1.00）A.cleanedB.brokenC.replacedD.fixed10.She felt that she had done her good deed for the day. （分数：1.00）A.homeworkB.actC.justiceD.model11.His professional career spanned 16 years. （分数：1.00）A.lastedB.startedC.changedD.moved12.The worst agonies of the war were now beginning. （分数：1.00）A.pa
5、rtsB.aspectsC.painsD.results13.The group does not advocate the use of violence. （分数：1.00）A.limitB.regulateC.opposeD.support14.The majority of people around here are decent. （分数：1.00）A.realB.honestC.normalD.wealthy15.He led a very moral life. （分数：1.00）A.humanB.honourableC.intelligentD.natural二、第二部分：阅
6、读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)Some Schooling on Backpacks According to the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission. 5.900 kids were treated at hospital emergency rooms, clinics, and doctorsoffices last year for sprians(扭伤)and strains caused by backpacks. Such injunes are so widespread that more than 70 percent
7、of physicians as a potential clinical problem for children. How do you avoid such problems? Choose bags that have wide, padded straps(有垫的背带)and a belt. That will help transfer some of the weight from the back and shoulders to the hips. You should also tighten both straps firmly, so the pack rests ab
8、out 2 inches above your waist. Also, remember to pack your bag with the heaviest items closest to your back and to bend both knees when you pick it up. I low much should you stuff into your pack? That depends on your size and strength, but a general rule is not to exceed 20 percent of your body weig
9、ht. So if a child weights 100 pounds, the backpack and its load should not be more than 20 pounds. One hint: Make frequent trips to your locker(储物柜)to exchange books between classes. Backpacks with wheels let you pull the weight along the ground,but they have problems too. Many are larger than the a
10、verage shoulder bag, so students are tempted to carry more than they would in a conventional pack. Roller bags often dont fit into a locker. They can also lead to tripping and falls in crowded halls. Whatever you use. 10 or 15 minutes of stretching and back strengthening is a good idea. （分数：7.00）(1)
11、.About six thousand American kids were injured by carrying backpacks last year. （分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).70 percent of UK physicians have treated children with sprains and strains. （分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).Backpacks with wide, padded straps and a belt can help to av
12、oid problems of sprains and strains. （分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).A 100-pound child should carry a backpack of more than 20 pounds. （分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).Children should put all the books in their locker. （分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).Roller bags tend to
13、be heavier than ordinary backpacks. （分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).A 10-15 minutesexercise will help you bear a heavier backpack. （分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第三部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)Aromatherapy(芳香疗法) 1 Aromatherapy is a form of alternative medicine which is based on the
14、use of very concentrated essential oils from the flowers, leaves, bark, branches or roots of plants which are considered to have healing properties. In aromatherapy these powerful oils are mixed with other oils, such as almond(杏仁)oil, or they are diluted(稀释)with water. These solutions(溶液剂)can be rub
15、bed on the skin, sprayed in the air, or applied as a compress(敷药)。 2 Many people have aromatherapy massages(按摩),and depending on the treatment a person is having, the aromatherapist will massage the oil into the hands or shoulders. The massage is smooth and flowing, as it is designed to create a sen
16、se of relaxation and calm. The sessions are tailored to the individuals health and mood at the time, so every session is unique. 3 Praclitioners of aromatherapy believe that the aroma of the essential oils directly stimulates the brain or that the oils are absorbed through the skin into the bloodstr
17、eam, where they can affect the whole body and promote healing. Other claims in support of aromatherapy are that it aids digestion, improves the functioning of respiratory system, reduces muscular aches and pains, and promotes muscle relaxation and tone. It has also been argued that aromatherapy can
18、improve circulation, lower blood pressure, and help combat insomnia(失眠) and other stress-related disorders such as tension headaches, anxiety, and mild depression. 4 However, while aromatherapy may have real effects that promote a sense of well-being, some traditional medicine practitioners remain d
19、oubtful about its powers. While research has confirmed that aromatherapy does have some positive short-term effects on most people, it also suggests that aromatherapy is not an actual science or medicine that should be used to treat illness. Furthermore, not all aromatherapy is considered beneficial
20、 to health. There are precautions which should be taken before having aromatherapy because some oils can have negative effects on people with certain medical conditions. The study of aromatherapy is relatively new and unexplored. More research needs to be conducted to make scientific conclusions abo
21、ut its use and effects. （分数：8.00）(1).A. Doubts about the benefits aromatherapy B. Introduction to aromatherapy C. Personalized aromatherapy massage D. Different views about aromatherapy E. Aromatherapy and conventional medicine F. Current research into aromatherapy Paragraph 1 _（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.
22、(2).Paragraph 2 _（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.(3).Paragraph 3 _（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.(4).Paragraph 4 _（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.(5).A. have healing effects B. be used externally C. be promoted D. help the disabled E. be further explored F. suit different people Aromatherapy is a mixture oil from parts of the plan
23、ts to _.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.(6).The sessions of aromatherapy massages are designed to _.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.(7).Aromatherapy is believed to _ in various ways.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.(8).The used and benefits of aromatherapy need to _.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.四、第四部分：阅读理解(总题数：3，分数：45.00)第一篇 Approaches to U
24、nderstanding Intelligences It pays to be smart, but we are not all smart in the same way .You may be a talentedmusician, but you might not be a good reader . Each of us is different . Psychologists disagree about what is intelligence and what are talents or personal abilities .Psychologists have two
25、 different views on intelligence .Some believe there is one general intelligence .Others believe there are many different intelligences . Some psychologists say there is one type of intelligence that can be measured with IQ tests .These psychologists support their view with research that concludes t
26、hat people who do well on one kind of test for mental ability do well on other tests .They do well on tests using words ,numbers or pictures. They do well on individual or group tests ,and written or oral tests .Those who do poorly on one test ,do the same on all tests . Studies of the brain show th
27、at there is a biological basis for general intelligence .The brain of intelligence people use less energy during problem solving .The brain waves of people with higher intelligence show a quicker reaction .Some researchers conclude that differences in intelligence result from differences in the spee
28、d and effectiveness of information processing by the brain . Howard Gardner , a psychologist at the Harvard School of Education ,has four children .He believes that all children are different and shouldnt be tested by one intelligence test .Although Gardner believes general intelligence exists , he
29、doesnt think it tells much about the talents of a person outside of formal schooling .He think that the human mind has different intelligences .These intelligences allow us to solve the kinds of problems we are presented with in life .Each of us has different abilities within these intelligences .Ga
30、rdner believes that the purpose of school should be to encourage development of all of our intelligences . Gardner says that his theory is based on biology .For example ,when one part of the Brain is injured ,other parts of the brain still work .People who cannot talk because of Brain damage can sti
31、ll sing .So ,there is not just one intelligence to lose .Gardner has identified 8 different kinds of intelligence; linguistic, mathematical, spatial, musical, interpersonal, intrapersonal, body-kinesthetic(身体动觉的),and naturalistic . （分数：15.00）(1).What is the main idea of this passage ? （分数：3.00）A.The
32、 importance of intelligence .B.The development of intelligence tests .C.How to understand intelligence .D.How to become intelligent .(2).Which of the following statements is true concerning general intelligence ? （分数：3.00）A.People doing well on one type of intelligence test do well on other tests .B
33、.Most intelligent people do well on some intelligence tests .C.Intelligent people do not do well on group tests .D.Intelligent people do better on written tests than on oral tests .(3).Gardner believes that _ . （分数：3.00）A.all children are alike .B.children have different intelligences .C.children sh
34、ould take one intelligence test .D.there is no general intelligence .(4).According to Gardner, schools should _ . （分数：3.00）A.test students IQs .B.train students who do poorly on tests .C.focus on finding the most intelligent students .D.promote development of all intelligences .(5).Gardner thinks th
35、at his theory has a _ . （分数：3.00）A.biological foundation .B.musical foundation .C.intrapersonal foundation .D.linguistic foundation .第二篇 The Workers Role in Management Traditionally, it has been the workers role to work and managements role to manage. Managers have planned and directed the firms ope
36、rations with little thought of consulting the labor force. Managers have rarely felt compelled(被迫的) to obtain the workers opinions or to explain their decisions to their employees. At most, companies have provided “suggestion boxes“ in which workers could place ideas for improving procedures. In rec
37、ent years, however, many management specialists have been arguing that workers are more than sellers of laborthey have a vital stake in the company and may be able to make significant contributions to its management. Furthermore, major company decisions profoundly affect workers and their dependents
38、. This is particularly true of plant closings, which may put thousands on the unemployment lines. Should workers, then, play a stronger role in management? Workers should have a role in management. At the very least, the labor force should be informed of major policy decisions. (A common complaint a
39、mong rank-and-file workers is the lack of information about company policies and actions.) Between 1980 and 1985 about five million workers were the victims of plant closings and permanent layoffs(失业), often with no warning. At least 90 days notice ought to be given in such instances so that workers
40、 have time to adjust. Management should consult workers before closing a plant, because the workers might be able to suggest ways of improving productivity and reducing costs and might be willing to make concessions that will help keep the plant operating. It should become a general practice to incl
41、ude workers in some managerial decision making. There ought to be representatives of the workers on the firms board of directors or other major policymaking groups. If rank-and-file workers are given a voice in the planning and management of the work flow, they will help to make improvement, their m
42、orale will rise, and their productivity will increase. As a further incentive, they must be given a share in the companys profits. This can be done through employee stockownership plans, bonuses, or rewards for efficiency and productivity. Finally, when a plant can no longer operate at a profit, the
43、 workers should be given the opportunity to purchase the plant and run it themselves. （分数：15.00）(1).It can be interred from Paragraph 1 that managers_. （分数：3.00）A.seldom obtained workersopinionsB.were not qualifiedC.disliked “suggestion boxes”D.never consulted the labor force.(2).In recent years, ma
44、ny management specialists have been arguing that workers_. （分数：3.00）A.are no longer sellers of the productsB.are less affected by company decisions than before.C.are able to make final decisions for the company.D.should have a say in management of the company.(3).The word “rank-and-life”Paragraph 2
45、is closest in meaning to_. （分数：3.00）A.seniorB.ordinaryC.intelligentD.capable(4).According to the passage, what happened between 1980 and 1985? （分数：3.00）A.Managers consulted workers before closing a plant.B.Workers did not make necessary concession.C.About five million workers were laid off without a
46、dvance notice.D.Many companies were closed because of strikes.(5).It not given a voice in managenal decision making workers_. （分数：3.00）A.may lack the incentive to increase their productivity.B.cannot get a share in the companys profits.C.can still get bonuses for efficiency and productivity.D.will n
47、ot have the opportunity to purchase the plant.第三篇 Obesity(肥胖) in the Western World Obesity is rapidly becoming a new scourge of the western world, delegates agreed at the 11th European Conference on the issue in Vienna Wednesday to Saturday. According to statements before the opening of the conferen
48、ce of 2,000 specialists from more than 50 countries 一 1. 2 billion people worldwide are overweight, and 250 million are obese. Professor Bernhard Ludvik of Vienna General Hospital said，“ Obesity is a chronic illness. In Germany，20 per cent of the people are already affected，but in Japan only one per
49、 cent. ” But he said that there was hope for sufferers thanks to the new scientific discoveries and medication. Professor Friedrich Hopichler of Salzberg said, “We are living in the new age (but) with the metabolism(新陈代谢) of a stone-age man“ “I have just been to the United States. It is really terrible. A pizza shop is springing up on every comer. We have been overrun by fast food and Coca-Cola-ization. ” Many of the experts stressed that obes
