1、职称英语卫生类 C级-48 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.We were shocked to find that Mary didnt know the guests name.（分数：1.00）A.frustratedB.disturbedC.relievedD.surprised2.They agreed to settle the dispute by peaceful means.（分数：1.00）A.solveB.determineC.untieD.complete3.Smoking is not
2、 permitted in the office.（分数：1.00）A.probableB.possibleC.admittedD.allowed4.The towers of a suspension bridge serve as a rigid framework to which the cables are attached.（分数：1.00）A.boundaryB.skeletonC.enclosureD.material5.She has proved that she can be relied on in a crisis.（分数：1.00）A.lived onB.depen
3、ded onC.lived offD.believed in6.She felt that she was the most solitary person on earth.（分数：1.00）A.gloomyB.isolatedC.feebleD.frugal7.A limited number of books on this subject are in the library.（分数：1.00）A.littleB.smallC.tinyD.low8.The river widens considerably as it begins to turn east.（分数：1.00）A.ex
4、tendsB.stretchesC.broadensD.traverses9.Philip Roth was hailed as a major new author in 1960.（分数：1.00）A.publishedB.challengedC.acclaimedD.guided10.The use of chemical may present a certain hazard to the laboratory workers.（分数：1.00）A.protectionB.indicationC.immunityD.danger11.We have got to abide by t
5、he rules.（分数：1.00）A.stick toB.persist inC.safeguardD.apply12.Herbal medicine (草药) can be used to cure sleeplessness.（分数：1.00）A.disruptB.diagnoseC.evaporateD.remedy13.Foreign money can be converted in this bank.（分数：1.00）A.alteredB.changedC.boughtD.sold14.John removed his overcoat.（分数：1.00）A.took away
6、B.left asideC.took offD.washed off15.In order to cater for his expenses, he has to do extra work at night.（分数：1.00）A.meetB.reachC.provideD.fill二、第 2部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)Disease, Diagnosis Treatment and PreventionDisease may be defined as the abnormal state in which part or all of the body is not pr
7、operly adjusted or is not capable of carrying on all its required functions. There are marked (显著的) variations in the extent of the disease and in its effect on the person.In order to treat a disease, the doctor obviously must first determine the nature of the illness, that is, make a diagnosis. A d
8、iagnosis is the conclusion drawn from a number of facts put together. The doctor must know the symptoms, which are the changes in body function felt by the patient; and the signs (also called objective symptoms) which the doctor himself can observe. Sometimes a characteristic group of signs (or symp
9、toms) accompanies a given disease. Such a group is called a syndrome (综合症). Frequently certain laboratory, tests are performed and the results evaluated by the physicians in making his diagnosis.Although nurses do not diagnose, they play an extremely valuable role in this process by observing closel
10、y for signs, encouraging the patient to talk about himself and his symptoms, and then reporting this information to the doctor. Once the patients disorder is known, the doctor prescribes a course of treatment, also referred as therapy. Many measures in this course of treatment are carried out by the
11、 nurse under the physicians orders.In recent years physicians, nurses and other health workers have taken increasing responsibilities in prevention. Throughout most of medical history, the physicians aim has been to cure a patient of an existing disease. However, the modem concept of prevention seek
12、s to stop disease before it actually happens to keep people well through the promotion of health. A vast number of organizations exist for this purpose, ranging from the World Health Organization (WHO) on an international level dawn to local private and community health programs. A rapidly growing r
13、esponsibility of the nursing treatment profession is educating individual patients toward the maintenance of total health physical and mental.（分数：7.00）(1).Disease refers to the condition in which one or two parts of the body fail to function properly.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).A syndr
14、ome refers to a complex of signs and/or symptoms typical of a specific disease.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).The diagnostic aids are indispensable in any case for a physician to diagnose a disease.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).Because nurses can observe patients closely, they
15、 have the authority to deal with any critical condition happening to patients.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).Modern medicine attaches much more importance to disease prevention than traditional medicine.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).An effective system of disease prevention an
16、d treatment has been established in every country all over the world.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).Generally speaking, the physician is more willing to treat patients physical disease than their mental illness.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第 3部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：2，分数：8.00)Volts fr
17、om the Sky1 Lightning has caused awe and wonder since old times. Although Benjamin Franklin demonstrated lightning as an enormous electrical discharge more than 2030 years ago, many puzzles still surround this powerful phenomenon.2 Lightning is generated when electrical charges separate in rain clou
18、ds, though processes are still not fully understood. Typically, positive charges build at the cloud top, while the bottom becomes negatively charged. In most instances of cloud-to-ground lightning, the negatively charged lower portion of the cloud repels negatively charged particles on the grounds s
19、urfaces, making it become positively charged. The positive charge on the ground gathers at elevated points.3 A flow of elections begins between the cloud and earth. When the voltage charge becomes large enough, it breaks through the insulating barrier of air, and electrons zigzag earthward. We see t
20、he discharge as lightning.4 Lightning can occur within a cloud, between clouds, or between clouds and the ground. The first variety, infra-cloud lightning, is the most frequent but is often hidden from our view. Cloud-to-ground lightning, making ups about 20 percent of lightning discharges, is what
21、we usually see. Lightning comes in several forms, including sheet, ribbon, and ball. Intra-cloud lightning can illuminate a cloud so it looks like a white sheet, hence its name. When cloud-to-ground lightning occurs during strong winds, they can shift the lightning channel sideways, so it looks like
22、 a ribbon. The average lightning strike is more than 3 miles long and can travel at a tenth of the speed of light. Ball lightning, the rarest and most mysterious form, derives its name from the small luminous ball that appears near the impact point, moves horizontally, and lasts for several seconds.
23、5 Thunder is generated by the tremendous heat released in a lightning discharge. Temperatures near the discharge can reach as high as 50,000oF within thousandths of a second. This sudden heating acts as an explosion, generating shock waves we hear as thunders.6 About 2,000 thunderstorms are occurrin
24、g in the world at any time, generating about 100 lightning strikes every second, or 8 million daily. Within the United States, lightning strikes are estimated at 20 million a year, or about 22,000 par day. You have a 1-in-600,000 chance of being struck by lightning during your lifetime. Lightning ca
25、n strike twice or more in the same spot. The Empire State Building in New York is struck by lightning about two dozen times annually.7 You can measure how far you are from a lightning strike by counting the seconds between viewing the flash and hearing the bang, and then dividing by five. This appro
26、ximates the mileage. A. Cloud-to-ground Lightning Occurring in the US B. Types of Lightning C. Cause of Lightning D. Differences Between Thunder and Thunderstorm E. Frequencies of Thunderstorms Occurring in the World and the US F. Shock Waves as Thunder（分数：4.00）(1).Paragraphs 2 and 3 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1
27、:_(2).Paragraph 4 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 5 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 6 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ A. occurs most infrequently B. is shifted sideways by strong winds C. is often hidden from our view D. is equipped with a good knowledge of various forms of lightning E. is estimated at 20 millions
28、a year F. is positively charged（分数：4.00）(1).In most cases of cloud-to-ground lightning, the grounds surface _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).One form of lightning that _ is ball lightning.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Cloud lightning looks lime a ribbon when its lightning channel _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Although not fully
29、 understanding processes of lightning, man _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、第 4部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)The Television CameraThe television camera is rather like the human eye. Both the eye and the camera have a lens, and both produce a picture on a screen. In each case the picture is made up o
30、f millions of spots of light.Let us see how the eye works. When we look at an object, a person, a house, or whatever it may be, we do not see all the details of the object in one piece. We imagine that we do, but this is not the case. In fact, the eye builds up the picture for us in our brain, which
31、 controls our sight, in millions of separate parts, and although we do not realize it, all these details are seen separately.This is what happens when we look at something. Beams of light of different degrees of intensity, reflected from all parts of the object, strike the lens of the eye. The lens
32、then gathers together the spots of light from these beams and focuses them on to a light-sensitive plate, the retina, at the back of the eyeball. In this way an image of the object is produced on the retina in the form of a pattern of lights.The retina contains millions of minute light-sensitive ele
33、ments, each of which is separately connected to the brain by a tiny fiber in the optic nerve. These nerve fibers, working independently, pick out minute details from the image on the retina and turn the small spots of light into nerve impulses of different strengths. They then transmit these impulse
34、s to the brain. They do this all at the same time.All the details of the image are fed to the brain, and, so we have taught our brain to add them together correctly. We see a clear picture of the object as a whole.Television, which means vision at a distance, operates on a similar principle. A telev
35、ision picture is built up in thousands of separate parts.Beams of light reflected from the subject being televised strike the lens of the television camera, which corresponds to the lens of the eye. The camera lens gathers together the spots of light from these beams and focuses an image of the subj
36、ect on to a plate, the surface of which is coated with millions of photo-electric elements sensitive to light.The spots of light forming the image on the plate cannot be transmitted as light. So they are temporarily converted by an electronic device into millions of electrical impulses; that is, int
37、o charges of electricity.These electrical impulses are then sent through space on a wireless wave to the homes of the viewers. They are picked up by the aerials and conveyed to the receivers the to television sets. There, they are finally converted back into the spots of light that make up the pictu
38、re on the television screen.（分数：15.00）(1).In the first paragraph we are told that the television camera resembles the human eye in _.（分数：3.00）A.one wayB.two waysC.three waysD.a large number of ways(2).Which of the following is Not true according to the writer?（分数：3.00）A.The eye produces a picture on
39、 a screen.B.We see all the details of an object in one piece.C.Our sight is controlled by our brain.D.The picture is made up of millions of spots of light.(3).All the rays of light reflected from objects are _.（分数：3.00）A.of the same intensityB.of varying intensitiesC.to some degree intenseD.not at a
40、ll intense(4).The nerve fibers connecting these light-sensitive elements to the brain _.（分数：3.00）A.all work togetherB.help each otherC.work independentlyD.work in small groups(5).A camera lens focuses an image on to _.（分数：3.00）A.the subjectB.a surface made up of millions of light-sensitive elementsC
41、.a television setD.millions of photo-electric beams of light六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Working Hard or Hardly Working?According to a recent survey, employees in many companies today work longer hours than employees did in 1979. They also take shorter vacations. It seems that Americans are working harder t
42、oday than ever before. Or are they? A management consultant, Bill Meyer, decided to find out. For three days, he observed an investment banker hard at work. Meyer wrote down everything the banker did during his long workday, the banker worked 80 hours a week. At the end of the three-day period, Meye
43、r reviewed the bankers activities with him. What did they find out? They discovered that the man spent 80 percent of his time doing busy work. For example, he attended unnecessary meetings, made unnecessary telephone calls, and spent time packing and unpacking his two big briefcases.Apparently, many
44、 people believe that the more time a person spends at work, the more she or he accomplishes. However, the connection between time and productivity is not always positive. In fact, many studies indicate that after a certain point, anyones productivity and creativity begin to decrease. FUrthermore, it
45、 is not always easy for individuals to realize that their performance is falling off.Part of the problem is understandable. When employers evaluate employees, they often consider the amount of time on the job in addition to job performance. Employees know this. Consequently, they work longer hours a
46、nd take less vacation time than they did nine years ago. Although many working people can do their job effectively during a regular 40-hour work week, they feel they have to spend more time on the job after normal working hours so that the people who can promote them see them.A group of head-hunters
47、 were asked their opinion about a situation. They had a choice of two candidates for an executive position with an important company. The candidates had comparable qualifications for the job. One could do the job well in a 40-hour work week. The other would do the same job in an 80-hour week just as
48、 well. According to a head-hunting expert, the 80-hour-a-week candidate would get the job. The time this candidate spends on the job may encourage other employees to spend more time at work, too. Employers believe that if the employees stay at work later, they may actually do more work.People do not
49、 work long hours only for more money. In such fields as advertising, show business, and journalism, the glamour and publicity are worth more than any monetary benefit. Thus the solution is to find a company. that encourages people to do both.（分数：15.00）(1).What was the purpose of Bill Meyers investigation?（分数：3.00）A.To find out if the Americans are hardly working nowadays.B.To
