1、职称英语卫生类 C级模拟 61及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第一部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.Mary Mapes Dodge exercised considerable influence on children“s literature in the late nineteenth century.（分数：1.00）A.stylisticB.greatC.personalD.exclusive2.Many classical music lovers feel disoriented when they listen to modern
2、atonal music.（分数：1.00）A.disgustedB.disappointedC.lostD.enchanted3.Cattle graze on the dry uplands of the island of Hawaii.（分数：1.00）A.wanderB.breedC.feedD.exercise4.American journalists often overstate a situation to make the news more stimulating.（分数：1.00）A.exaggerateB.inspireC.animateD.misinterpret
3、5.Wet clays can be easily molded into a form that they retain.（分数：1.00）A.compressedB.combinedC.placedD.shaped6.After years of research, Charles Drew devised a procedure for preserving plasma.（分数：1.00）A.transportingB.savingC.reusingD.labeling7.He“s going to set off on a journey to New York.（分数：1.00）A
4、.beginB.besetC.flauntD.braid8.These scissors are blunt and can not cut paper.（分数：1.00）A.weakB.brokenC.dullD.rough9.Most cloud formations occur when air masses of different temperatures collide .（分数：1.00）A.touchB.smashC.bumpD.clash10.Pure feldspar is a colorless, transparent mineral, but impurities c
5、ommonly make it opaque and colorful.（分数：1.00）A.trulyB.rapidlyC.periodicallyD.frequently11.Margaret Mead“s reputation was established with the publication of her first book in 1982 and was enhanced by her many subsequent contributions to anthropology.（分数：1.00）A.obscuredB.entrancedC.heightenedD.restor
6、ed12.There are numerous manuals available with instructions on how to fix a bicycle.（分数：1.00）A.controlB.rideC.repairD.steer13.The hub of commerce is located near the capital.（分数：1.00）A.stationB.exampleC.nucleusD.remnant14.His friend unexpectedly dropped in .（分数：1.00）A.visitedB.stepped inC.dropped of
7、fD.met15.Bats are extremely shy creatures and avoid humans if at all possible.（分数：1.00）A.timidB.cleanC.privateD.noisy二、第二部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)Japanese Language TodayIf you want proof that the Japanese language is in decline, just watch a few parliamentary debates and press conferences on Japanese T
8、V. You won“t see politicians talking about what can be done to improve language skills among the country“s youth. Rather, you“ll see government officials misusing their own language. Recently Prime Minister Keizo Obuchi (小泉纯一朗)called himself a person lacking vocabulay. It seems he“s governing a nati
9、on of such people. Last May a group of university deans announced the results of a survey showing that a majority of Japanese college students have difficulty expressing themselves fully and clearly in their own language. Throughout Japan, linguistic skills have been in a downward spiral for at leas
10、t a decade. Young people who read less and watch more TV than ever before regularly stumble over old proverbs, miss the subtleties of polite expressions and even mistake one written character for another. Japanese is considered one of the world“s most difficult languages. Grammar is complicated, and
11、 the meanings of words are multifarious (多种多样的). There are also different kinds of written charactersancient Chinese characters known as kanji (日文中的汉子), Japanese letters called hiragana and the characters used for foreign words. Many young people struggle with kanji, which are often used to express
12、more ideas. Young people also lack familiarity with Western classics well known to their educated elders. Many teachers blame video games and television for language problems. Others say that word processors are at fault. To use them, Japanese have to type in Roman letters, then select from a menu o
13、f written Japanese and Chinese characters. Since users aren“t actually writing the words themselves, experts say it“s easy to forget them. But technology is only part of the problem. Some say the real issue is an isolated generation. Young people nowadays don“t seem to have conversion with elders wh
14、o understand the language better. While Japanese educators haven“t yet come up with a solution to the language problem, the public does seem ready to take action.（分数：7.00）(1).The Japanese government officials are taking measures to stop the decline of Japanese language.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not m
15、entioned(2).Japanese youth are familiar with Western classics well known to their educated eiders.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).Japanese are at a loss for words.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).Japanese language“s grammar is complicated.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).
16、Japanese students have no time to read and write.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).The Japanese government officials don“t have a good mastery of their own language.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).Japanese language has too many loan words, which add to the complexity of the languag
17、e.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第三部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)The Mir Space Station1. The Russian Mir Space Station, which came down in 2001 at last after 15 years of pioneering the concept of long-term human space flight, is remembered for its accomplishments in the human space flight hist
18、ory. It can be credited with many firsts in space. 2. During Mir“s lifetime, Russia spent about US $4.2 billion to build and maintain the station. 3. The Soviet Union launched Mir, which was designed to last from three to five years, on February 20, 1986, and housed 104 astronauts over 12 years and
19、seven months, most of whom were not Russian. In fact, it became the first international space station by playing host to 62 people from 11 countries. From 1955 through 1998, seven astronauts from the United States took turns living on Mir for up to six months each. They were among the 37 Americans w
20、ho visited the station during nine stopovers by space shuttles. 4. The more than 400 million the United States provided Russian for the visits not only kept Mir operating, but also gave the Americans and their partners in the international station project valuable experience in long-term flight and
21、multinational operations. 5. A debate continues over Mir“s contributions to science. During its existence, Mir was the laboratory for 23, 000 experiments and carried scientific equipment, estimated to be worth $80 million, from many nations. Experiments on Mir are credited with a range of findings,
22、from the first solid measurement of the ration of heavy helium atoms in space to how to grow wheat in space. But for those favouring human space exploration, Mir showed that people could live and work in space long enough for a trip to Mars. The longest single stay in space is the 437.7 days that Ru
23、ssian astronaut Valery Polyakov spent on Mir from 1994 to 1995. And Sergie Avdeyev accumulated 747.6 days in space in three trips to the space station. The longest American stay was that of Shannon Lucid, who spent 188 days aboard Mir in 1996. 6. Despite the many firsts Mir accomplished, 1997 was a
24、bad year out of 15 for Mir. In 1997, an oxygen generator caught fire. Later, the main computer system broke down, causing the station to drift several times and there were power failures. 7. Most of these problems were repaired, with American help and suppliers, but Mir“s reputation as a space stati
25、on was ruined. 8. Mir“s setbacks are nothing, though, when we compare them with its accomplishments. Mir was a tremendous success, which will be remembered as a milestone in space exploration and the space station that showed long-term human habitation in space was possible. But it“s time to move on
26、 to the next generation. The International Space Station being built will be better, but it owes a great debt to Mir.（分数：8.00）(1).Paragraph 4 1 A. Undeniable Mir“s achievements B. Rewards following the U. S. financial injection C. Mir“s problem year D. Mir regarded as a complete failure E. Mir“s fir
27、sts in scientific experiments and space exploration F. A great debt owned to the International Space Station（分数：1.00）(2).Paragraph 5 1（分数：1.00）(3).Paragraph 6 1（分数：1.00）(4).Paragraph 8 1（分数：1.00）(5).Mir enhanced the confidence in the scientists that humans living in space for a long time was 1. A. e
28、verything B. a great success C. a tremendous failure D. nothing E many firsts F. quite possible（分数：1.00）(6).In Mir, the U. S. astronauts created 1.（分数：1.00）(7).When we think of Mir in terms of its achievements, its setbacks are 1.（分数：1.00）(8).The writer tend to think that Mir was 1.（分数：1.00）四、第四部分：阅
29、读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)AdvertisementAdvertisement can be thought of “as the means of making known in order to buy or sell goods or services “. Advertisement aims to increase people“s awareness and arouse interest. It tries to inform and to persuade. The media are all used to spread t
30、he message. The press offers a fairly cheap method, and magazines are used to reach special sections of the market. The cinema and commercial radio are useful for local market. Television, although more expensive, can be very effective. Public notices are fairly cheap and more permanent in their pow
31、er of attraction. Other ways of increasing consumer interest are through exhibitions and trade fairs as well as direct mail advertisement. There can be no doubt that the growth in advertisement is one of the most striking features of the western world in this century. Many businesses such as those h
32、andling frozen foods, liquor, tobacco and medicines have been built up largely by advertisement. We might ask whether the cost of advertisement is paid for by the producer or by the customer. Since advertisement forms part of the cost of production, which has to be covered by the selling price, it i
33、s clear that it is the customer who pays for advertisement. However, if large scale advertisement leads to increased demand, production costs are reduced, and the customer pays less. It is difficult to measure exactly the influence of advertisement on sales. When the market is growing, advertisement
34、 helps to increase demand. When the market is shrinking, advertisement may prevent a bigger fall in sales than would occur without its support. What is clear is that businesses would not pay large sums for advertisement if they were not convinced of its value to them.（分数：15.00）(1).Advertisement is o
35、ften used to _.（分数：3.00）A.deceive customersB.increase productionC.arouse suspicionD.push the sale(2).The word “media“(in the first paragraph) includes _.（分数：3.00）A.the pressB.televisionC.radioD.all of the above(3).Advertisement is mainly paid for by _.（分数：3.00）A.the customerB.the producerC.increased
36、 salesD.reduced prices(4).Advertisement can increase demand _.（分数：3.00）A.all the timeB.in any circumstancesC.in a growing marketD.in a shrinking market(5).From the last sentence of this passage we conclude that _.（分数：3.00）A.businesses usually do not pay much for advertisementB.businessmen know well
37、that advertisement could bring them more profitsC.advertisement could hardly convince people of the value of the goodsD.advertisement usually cost businesses large amounts of money六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Eat Healthy“Clean your plate!“ and “Be a member of the clean-plate club!“ Just about every kid in t
38、he US has heard this from a parent or grandparent. Often, it“s accompanied by an appeal: “Just think about those starving orphans in Africa!“ Sure, we should be grateful for every bite of food. Unfortunately, many people in the US take too many bites. Instead of staying “clean the plate“, perhaps we
39、 should save some food for tomorrow. According to news reports, US restaurants are partly to blame for the growing bellies. A waiter puts a plate of food in front of each customer, with two to four times the amount recommended by the government, according to a USA Today story. Americans traditionall
40、y associate quantity with value and most restaurants try to give them that. They prefer to have customers complain about too much food rather than too little. Barbara Rolls, a nutrition professor at Pennsylvania State University, told USA Today that restaurant portion sizes began to grow in the 1970
41、s, the same time that the American waistline began to expand. Health experts have tried to get many restaurants to serve smaller portions. Now, apparently, some customers are calling for this too. The restaurant industry trade magazine QSR reported last month that 57 percent of more than 4, 000 peop
42、le surveyed believe restaurants serve portions that are too large; 23 percent had no opinion; 20 percent disagreed. But a closer look at the survey indicates that many Americans who can“t afford fine dining still prefer large portions. Seventy percent of those earning at least $150, 000 per year pre
43、fer smaller portions; but only 45 percent of those earning less than $25, 000 want smaller. It“s not that working class Americans don“t want to eat healthy. It“s just that, after long hours at low-paying jobs, getting less on their plate hardly seems like a good deal. They live from paycheck to payc
44、heck, happy to save a little money for next year“s Christmas presents.（分数：15.00）(1).Parents in the United States tend to ask their children _.（分数：3.00）A.to wash the dishesB.to save foodC.not to eat too muchD.not to waste food(2).Why do American restaurants serve large portions? _（分数：3.00）A.Because A
45、mericans have big bellies.B.Because Americans associate quantity with value.C.Because Americans are greedy.D.Because Americans are good eaters.(3).What happened in the 1970s? _（分数：3.00）A.Health experts persuaded restaurants to serve smaller portions.B.The US government recommended the amount of food
46、 a restaurant gave to a customer.C.The American waistline started to expand.D.The United States produced more grain than needed.(4).What does the survey indicate? _（分数：3.00）A.Twenty percent Americans want smaller portions.B.Many poor Americans want large portions.C.Twenty three percent Americas earn
47、 less than $25, 000 per year.D.Fifty seven percent Americans earn $150, 000 per year.(5).Which of the following is NOT true of working class Americans? _（分数：3.00）A.They live from paycheck to paycheck.B.They work long hours.C.They want to save money for their children.D.They don“t want to be healthy
48、eaters.七、第三篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Common Problems, Common SolutionsThe chances are that you made up your mind about smoking a long time agoand decided it“s not for you. The chances are equally good that you know a lot of smokersthere are, after all about 60 million of them, work with them, play with them,
49、 and get along with them very well. And finally it“s a pretty safe bet that you“re open-minded and interested in all the various issues about smokers and nonsmokers-or you wouldn“t be reading this. And those three things make you incredibly important today. Because they mean that yours is the voicenot the smoker“sand not the anti-smoker“s that will determine how much of society“s efforts should go into building walls that separate us and how much into the search for solutions that bring us together. For one tragic result of the emphasis o
