1、职称英语卫生类 C 级模拟 63 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第一部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.Ruth Benedict“s highly popular book Patterns of Culture stressed the role of culture in personality formation.（分数：1.00）A.overlyB.veryC.fairlyD.relatively2.Because the sale of bonds is a convenient means of raising capital, cor
2、porations often issue bonds as well as stocks.（分数：1.00）A.as good asB.as substitutes forC.in addition toD.instead of3.In the western United States one can still find posts to which nineteenth-century cowboys hitched their horses.（分数：1.00）A.tiedB.ledC.pulledD.brought4.In the Navaho household, grandpar
3、ents and other relatives play indispensable roles in raising children.（分数：1.00）A.dominantB.exemplaryC.essentialD.demanding5.The osprey flies above the water and when it spots a fish it swoops down to catch it.（分数：1.00）A.dropsB.seesC.wantsD.selects6.His job was to look after the animals.（分数：1.00）A.se
4、arch forB.care forC.followD.trap7.Trading companies put up the money for the first English colonies in North America.（分数：1.00）A.suppliedB.earnedC.neededD.borrowed8.He spoke so quickly that it was difficult to take down what he was saying.（分数：1.00）A.translateB.recordC.followD.interpret9.No part of Ne
5、w Hampshire is far from water.（分数：1.00）A.mountainB.townC.sectionD.village10.Most sound vibrations arrive at the eardrum by way of the auditory canal.（分数：1.00）A.search forB.reachC.tickleD.whisper to11.In 1975 the United States Army began to assign women to positions previously classified as having co
6、mbat status.（分数：1.00）A.secretlyB.genuinelyC.formerlyD.officially12.Penguins do not suffer from the cold in Antarctica because their feathers secrete protective oil.（分数：1.00）A.hideB.warmC.produceD.absorb13.Until the late nineteenth century, there was no uniform system of time-keeping in the United St
7、ates.（分数：1.00）A.personalB.efficientC.consistentD.practical14.Insects thrive all over , from the hottest deserts to the snow-clad peaks of lofty mountains.（分数：1.00）A.silentlyB.totallyC.everywhereD.overhead15.In prehistoric times people seldom stayed anywhere for very long because their food supply us
8、ually ran out .（分数：1.00）A.became depletedB.was stolenC.escapedD.spoiled二、第二部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)Water ResourceMore than half of the water used for drinking, washing and irrigating comes from under the ground. This subterranean (地下的)water is known as groundwater. It is generally taken for granted th
9、at the groundwater drawn from wells is present every where and will always be available and clean and safe to drink. But experts are reporting that groundwater sources can dry up through overuse, or become contaminated as a result of pollution, poor sanitation (卫生)or salt water intrusion. This “invi
10、sible resource“as groundwater was described by the United Nations for its 1998 observance (纪念)of World Day for Wateris slowly emerging in political, economic and personal affairs. With demand growing and supply presenting greater difficulties, groundwater is on the way to becoming a boom business. T
11、he World Bank estimates that the developing countries will require investments totaling $600 billion to repair and improve water systems. Of the investments that are actually made, a substantial amount will be devoted to extracting and piping groundwater, primarily for agricultural use and secondari
12、ly for industry and household consumption. With a trend towards privatization of public services, it can be expected that a growing portion of investments in water will come from the private sector; requirements that governments privatize water utilities are already being written into the terms of m
13、ultilateral loans. One consequence of growing privatization may be that access to water will not be regraded as a right, but as a function of economic markets. Groundwater, which in its natural state is more protected than surface water, is the preferred source of drinking water for cities. But pres
14、sure is being placed on groundwater resources lying close to urban areas by exploding populations, as the portion of the world“s people residing in citied balloons from 31 percent in 1995 to a projected 50 percent in 2005. And there is also the pressure of dollars to purchase land lying above ground
15、water sources and to keep it in a natural state, in order to protect aquifers(蓄水层)from contamination. In the developing countries, where urban population growth is surpassing sewage systems, the problem of untreated human waste is extremely serious. Alongside the problems of public groundwater sourc
16、es is the increased consumption of privately bottled water, most of which is named spring water, i.e. groundwater. Consumption of bottled water in the United States, for instance, has risen from virtually nil(零)in the 1950s to 843 million gallons in 1984 and 2.95 billion gallons in 1997. But drinkin
17、g bottled water is not just a trend for the middle classes. In developing countries, water pipes rarely extend to the poorer neighbourhoods, and residents have no choice but to pay high prices for bottled water. Political leaders and analysts are talking more frequently about the possibility that in
18、creasing demand for precious groundwater will lead to crossborder conflicts, even wars. It is not easy to resolve disputes over the highest groundwater rights, since many aquifers and underground streams cross national borders; and a well drilled vertically within the boundaries of one country may v
19、ery well be drawing water from the same aquifer, also chosen by a neighbouring nation. Inclined and even horizontal drilling further complicates this issue.（分数：7.00）(1).The passage mainly talks about the privatization of groundwater.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).Groundwater is omnipresen
20、t.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).Groundwater is a preferred source of drinking water.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).Access to water will be regarded as a function of economic markets.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).Compared with developed countries, the biggest proble
21、m in developing countries is crossborder conflicts and wars.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).The middle classes drink bottled water because water pipes rarely extend to their neighbourhoods.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).Bottled water is more convenient.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.N
22、ot mentioned三、第三部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)How We Form First Impression1. We all have first impression of someone we just met. But why? Why do we form an opinion about someone without really knowing anything about him or her-aside perhaps from a few remarks or readily observable traits. 2. The answe
23、r is related to how your brain allows you to be aware of the world. Your brain is so sensitive in picking up facial traits, even very minor difference in how a person“s eyes, ears, nose, or mouth are placed in relation to each other make you see him or her as different. In fact, your brain continuou
24、sly processes informationthe sights and sounds of your world. These incoming “signals“ are compared against a host of “memories“ stored in the brain areas called the cortex system to determine what these new signals “mean. “ 3. If you see someone you know and like at school, your brain says “familia
25、r and safe. “ If you see someone new, it says, “new-potentially threatening. “ Then your brain starts to match features of this stranger with other “known“ memories. The height, weight, dress, ethnicity, gestures, and tone of voice are all matched up. The more unfamiliar the characteristics, the mor
26、e your brain may say, “This is new. I don“t like this person. “ Or else, “I“m intrigued. “ Or your brain may perceive a new face but familiar clothes, ethnicity, gestures-like your other friends; so your brain say, “I like this person. “ But these preliminary “impressions“ can be dead wrong. 4. When
27、 we stereotype people, we use a less mature form of thinking (not unlike the immature thinking of a very young child) that makes simplistic and categorical impressions of others. Rather than learn about the depth and breadth of peopletheir history, interest, values, strengths, and true characterwe c
28、ategorize them as jocks, geeks, or freaks. 5. However, if we resist initial stereotypical impressions, we have a chance to be aware of what a person is truly like. If we spend time with a person, hear about his or her life, hopes, dreams, and become aware of the person“s character, we use a differen
29、t, more mature style of thinking-and the most complex areas of our cortex, which allow us to be humane.（分数：8.00）(1).Paragraph 2 1 A. Ways of Departure from Immature and Simplistic Impressions B. Comment on First Impression C. Illustration of First Impression D. Comparing Incoming Sensory Information
30、 Against Memories E. Threatening Aspect of First Impressions F. Differences Among Jocks, Geeks and Freaks（分数：1.00）(2).Paragraph 3 1（分数：1.00）(3).Paragraph 4 1（分数：1.00）(4).Paragraph 5 1（分数：1.00）(5).Sensory information is one that is perceived through 1 A. a stranger“s less mature type of thinking B. t
31、he most complex areas of our cortex C. the immature form of thinking of a very young child D. the meaning of incoming sensory information E. the sights and sounds of the world F.an opportunity to analyze different forms of thinking（分数：1.00）(6).You interpret 1 by comparing it against the memories alr
32、eady stored in your brain.（分数：1.00）(7).The way we stereotype people is a less mature form of thinking, which is similar to 1.（分数：1.00）(8).We can use our more mature style of thinking thanks to 1.（分数：1.00）四、第四部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Companion of My LifeMost people have had a dog or
33、 wanted one as their companion at some time in their lives. If you are thinking of buying a dog, however, you should first decide what sort of companion you need and whether the dog is likely to be happy in the surroundings you can provide. Specialists“ advice is useful to help you choose the most s
34、uitable kind of dog. But in part the decision depends on common sense. Different dogs were originally developed to perform specific tasks. So, if you want a dog to protect you or your house, for example, you should choose the one that has the right size and characteristics. You must also be ready to
35、 devote a great deal of time to training the dog when it is young and give it the exercise it needs throughout its life, unless you live in the countryside and can let it run freely. Dogs are demanding pets. Cats love the house and so are satisfactory with their place where there is secure, but a do
36、g is loyal to its master and consequently wants him to show proof of his affection. The best time to buy a baby dog is when it is between 6 and 8 weeks old so that it can transfer its love for its mother to its master. If baby dogs have not established a relationship with the human being until they
37、are over three months old, their strong relationship will always be with dogs. They are likely to be too shy when they are brought out into the world to become good pets.（分数：15.00）(1).Which of the following is not true according to the passage? _（分数：3.00）A.You can always get help from the specialist
38、s.B.It is common sense that is the most important when choosing a dog.C.You should decide what kind of dog you want.D.Size and characteristics of the dogs should be considered too.(2).What is mentioned as a consideration in buying a dog? _（分数：3.00）A.The color of the dog.B.The price of the dog.C.Whet
39、her the dog will fit the environment.D.Whether the dog will get along with the other pets in the house.(3).Why does the writer say a dog is a more demanding pet than a cat? _（分数：3.00）A.It must be trained so that it won“t bite.B.It demands more food and space.C.It needs more love and care.D.It must b
40、e looked after carefully.(4).Why is it advised to buy a baby dog under three months old? _（分数：3.00）A.It“s easier to buy a baby dog under three months old.B.They are less likely to be shy with human beings.C.They are less likely to run away.D.It“s easier for them to form a relationship with their mas
41、ters.(5).The word “affection“(line 11) means _.（分数：3.00）A.loveB.effectC.tieD.relationship六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Business Markets Are Big Business InternationallyBusiness-to-business marketing is a significant economic activity internationally, as well as in the domestic U. S economy. Consider the foll
42、owing list of the largest exporting companies in the United States, ranked export sales volume in 1998: 1. General Motors. 2. Ford Motor Company. 3. Boeing (aircraft). 4. General Electric. 5. IBM. 6. Chrysler Motors. 7. Du Pont. 8. Mcdonnell Douglas(aircraft). 9. Caterpillar (earth-moving equipment)
43、. 10. United (earth-moving equipment). Seven of the top 10 firms export products to end users in the business market. Only the three auto firms market products for which some end users are household consumers. And even in these cases, the products first are exported to the business reseller market (
44、wholesalers and retailers) in various parts of the world. Exporting by U. S. firms to international business markets increased during the 1980s, and this upward trend is likely to continue throughout the 1990s. In the early 1980s, for example, USX, the nation“s largest steel producer, abolished its
45、export sales unit. Then near the end of that decade, the company assembled a new overseas sales them and exported 1 million tons of steel in 1989. POM. a small manufacturer of parking meters in Arkansas, has a larger market share overseas than at home. The firm sells to city governments in such farf
46、lung(遥远的) places as Malaysia, Chile, and Holland. And recently POM introduces its first solarpowered parking meter in Shepparton, Australia. The Mead Corp. Spent $550 million to expand and Alabama mill that produced coated paperboard(卡纸板), with the intent of exporting half of the plant“s output. The
47、 Mazda auto company planned to ship to Japan in one year $100 million of North American made auto parts. Business-to-business international marketing is not limited to physical products. Many service firms are finding very attractive business markets in foreign countries. Law firms and management co
48、nsulting firms are setting up offices in Japan, Western Europe, and Russia. in the field of financial services. Japan“s huge banks are making significant inroads in the U. S. market. Some Japanese officials forecast that these bands could increase their share of the U.S. commercial bank market to 25
49、 percent by the mid-1990s. Truly, the scope of international trade involving business markets is huge and is continuing to grow. The range of business goods and services that can be marketed internationally seems almost limitless.（分数：15.00）(1).Business-to-business marketing is _.（分数：3.00）A.unique to national economyB.confined to national economyC.not confined to national economyD.unique to international economy(2).Business-to business marketing, more often than not, involves _.（分数：3.00）A.shipment of products to business marketsB.shipment of products to
